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Aztec manuscript
The Codex Mendoza is an Aztec codex, believed to have been created around the year 1541. It contains a history of both the Aztec rulers and their conquests
Codex_Mendoza
Manuscripts painted by pre-Columbian and colonial Aztec
property plans. Codex Mendoza and the Florentine Codex are among the important and popular colonial-era codices. The Florentine Codex, for example is
Aztec_codex
Historical ancestor of the modern book
codex (pl.: codices /ˈkoʊdɪsiːz/) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex
Codex
Mesoamerican manuscript
codices, including Codex Bodley, Codex Mendoza, Codex Selden and the Selden Roll. Digitaized version of the first page of the Codex Laud. Codex Laud on display
Codex_Laud
Rack or palisade that displays human skulls
Durán Codex, Ramírez Codex, and Codex Borgia. The Codex Mendoza contains multiple depictions of tzompantli. The Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza depicts
Tzompantli
Ethnic group of central Mexico and its civilization
commissioned by the colonial government, for example, Codex Mendoza, were painted by Aztec tlacuilos (codex creators), but under the control of Spanish authorities
Aztecs
Town in Jalisco, Mexico
Aztec empire was at its largest when the Spanish arrived in 1519. The Codex Mendoza shows all the lands that Moctezuma conquered. Many territories regularly
Oconahua
1473 battle in Mexico
failed, resulting in the death of Moquihuix who is pictured in the Codex Mendoza tumbling down the Great Temple of Tlatelolca. As a result of the battle
Battle_of_Tlatelolco
Shield used by Aztec warriors
ISBN 978-0-486-40726-5 Frances Berdan, Patricia Rieff Anawalt, The Codex Mendoza, Verlag University of California Press, 1992, page 6, ISBN 978-0-520-06234-4
Chīmalli
Mexican manuscript of Mixtec origin
Bodleian Library holds four other Mesoamerican codices: Codex Bodley, Codex Laud, Codex Mendoza, and the Selden Roll, recently renamed The Roll of the
Codex_Selden
Topics referred to by the same term
Mendoza, a family of Spanish nobles who originated from Álava, Basque Country, Spain 3868 Mendoza, a main-belt asteroid Codex Mendoza, an Aztec codex
Mendoza
Tlahtoāni of the Aztec Empire until 1520
His name glyph, shown in the upper left corner of the image from the Codex Mendoza below, was composed of a diadem (xiuhuitzolli) on straight hair with
Moctezuma_II
Stepped fret motif in Mesoamerican art
painted or covered with featherwork. They are depicted frequently in the Codex Mendoza, and many other central Mexican codices, usually with the xicalcoliuhqui
Xicalcoliuhqui
School for the sons of Aztec nobility
Sahagún's Florentine Codex of the General History of the Things of New Spain (Books III, VI, and VIII) and part 3 of the Codex Mendoza. The calmecac of the
Calmecac
Locality in Morelos, Mexico
museum in the house of his birth. Anenecuilco is first mentioned in Codex Mendoza as belonging to the prehispanic jurisdiction of Huaxtepec (Oaxtepec)
Anenecuilco
Axe
was used for war or as a tool. Its use is documented by the Codex Mendoza and the Codex Fejérváry-Mayer. Tax collectors from the Aztec Empire demanded
Tlaximaltepoztli
Edible seeds of Salvia hispanica or related
pictured in the Codex Mendoza and the Florentine codex, Aztec codices created between 1540 and 1585. Tribute records from the Mendoza Codex, Matrícula de
Chia_seed
1st Viceroy of New Spain, (r. 1535–50); 3rd Viceroy of Peru (r. 1551–52)
Philippines in 1542–43. The Codex Mendoza created by the order of Mendoza, and subsequently named for him. During his term of office, Mendoza is credited with consolidating
Antonio_de_Mendoza
Outer garment worn by men in Aztec Mexico
"pious legend". Aztec warrior priests and priests as depicted in the Codex Mendoza, wearing battle suits and tilmàtli tunics. Nezahualpiltzintli wearing
Tilmàtli
Warfare of the Mesoamerican civilization
suit and the cone-shaped cap appearance are the most common within the Codex Mendoza. A four captive warrior, which would be an eagle or jaguar warrior,
Aztec_warfare
Alliance of three Nahua city states in Mexico (1428–1521)
pp. 200–202. Berdan, Francis F.; Patricia Rieff Anawalt (1992). The Codex Mendoza Vol. 1. University of California Press. p. 196. Brumfiel, Elizabeth
Aztec_Empire
Type of headgear
and the Huastecs of Veracruz and Aztec (e.g., as illustrated in the Codex Mendoza). The Kabiri of New Guinea have the diba, a pointed hat glued together
Pointed_hat
Fourth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
of Mexico against Cuauhnahuac (Cuernavaca). According to the Florentine Codex, Itzcoatl ordered the burning of all historical codices because it was "not
Itzcoatl
Nahuatl manuscript, with glyphs
Woodrow Borah and Sherburn Cook postulated that both the Matrícula and Codex Mendoza were copied from another preconquest document in the colonial era. Frances
Matrícula_de_Tributos
Clothing worn by Aztecs
significant tribute item. As discussed by scholar Ross Hassig, the Codex Mendoza denotes that cloth and clothing were represented as cargas in the tribute
Aztec_clothing
codices are preserved, most notably the Codex Mendoza, the Florentine Codex, and the works by Diego Durán. Codex Mendoza (around 1541) is a mixed pictorial
Mesoamerican_writing_systems
refer to a city within the larger Acolhuacan province (e.g., in the Codex Mendoza, folio 21v). Frances Berdan and Patricia Rieff Anawalt argue that it
Acolhuacan
Mesoamerican military armor made out of cotton
Page from the Codex Mendoza depicting warriors wearing ichcahuipilli and tlahuiztli suits.
Ichcahuipilli
Culinary traditions in the Aztec Empire
been more tolerated for elderly people; Spanish translations of the Codex Mendoza note that there were specific circumstances that allowed the elderly
Aztec_cuisine
Four Aztec warriors in drawn in folio 67 of Codex Mendoza and each soldier caring a different style of Pāmitl
Pāmitl
Mesoamerican religious concept
Mexico City: SHCP Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I (Codex Vienna). 2d facsimile edition. O. Adelhofer, ed. Graz: ADV Codex Mendoza (Codice Mendocino)
Tonalli
Special class of infantry in the Aztec Army
warrior Anawalt, Patricia Rieff, and Frances Berdan. 1997. The Essential Codex Mendoza. Berkeley: University of California Press. Barbosa-Cano, Manlio. "Huaxyacac:
Eagle_warrior
Aztec Military Rank
A tlacateccatl pictured in the Codex Mendoza (folio 67 recto). He is brandishing a shield (chimalli) and a lance (tepoztopilli), wears dyed cotton armour
Tlacateccatl
Rope-like matted hairstyle
were described in Aztec codices (including the Durán Codex, the Codex Tudela and the Codex Mendoza) as wearing their hair untouched, allowing it to grow
Dreadlocks
16th-century Mesoamerican manuscript
featured costly hand-colored facsimiles of various codices, including the Codex Mendoza. Due to the exorbitant costs of this project, Kingsborough fell into
Codex_Kingsborough
16th-century Mexican pictorial manuscript roll
Bodleian Library holds four other Mesoamerican codices: Codex Bodley, Codex Laud, Codex Mendoza, and Codex Selden. Other views of the Seldon Roll on display
Selden_Roll
Aztec god of fire and lightning
depicted striving at this game against other gods. For example, in the Codex Mendoza we see him playing with the moon-god, and can recognize him by the sign
Xolotl
Musical traditions of the Aztec Empire
gradually increased their pitch and tempo. A ritual depicted in the Codex Mendoza includes nightly sacrificial rites, initially accompanied by wind instruments
Aztec_music
National symbol
a snake. While the Codex Fejérváry-Mayer depicts an eagle attacking a snake, other Mexica illustrations, such as the Codex Mendoza, show only an eagle;
Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico
Weapon used by pre-columbian mesoamericans
The Conquistadors, 139–140, 155. Berdan and Anawalt, The Essential Codex Mendoza, v. 2–4. UCal Press; 1997. Folio 62-R, p. 173. Townsend, 2000, p. 24
Macuahuitl
Manuscript that presents traits of the Mesoamerican indigenous pictoric tradition
Telleriano Remensis, Codex Ixtlilxochitl, Codex Tudela, Codex Magliabechiano, Codex Mendoza, the Matrícula de Tributos, Codex Badianus, Relación de Michoacan.
Mesoamerican_codices
American author, editor, and museum director
Guggenheim Fellowship. Anawalt wrote several books including The Essential Codex Mendoza (co-authored with Frances Berdan, University of California Press, 1997)
Patricia_Rieff_Anawalt
Literature written in or related to indigenous Mesoamerica
texts in indigenous Mesoamerican languages were generated. Codex Mendoza Florentine Codex. A twelve-volume work composed under the direction of Franciscan
Mesoamerican_literature
Fifth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Atonal was ritually strangled and his family was taken as slaves. The Codex Mendoza records that the tribute owed by Coixtlahuaca consisted of 2000 blankets
Moctezuma_I
Anahuac ("world" or "land surrounded by seas") converge (see image on the Mendoza codex). It is thus possible that the other meanings (or even the "secret name"
Name_of_Mexico
her. After this period, the bathing ceremony would take place. The Codex Mendoza depicts the bathing ceremony, which was conducted by the tlamatlquiticitl
Women_in_Aztec_civilization
original legends. While the Codex Fejérváry-Mayer depicts an eagle attacking a snake, other Aztec illustrations, like the Codex Mendoza, show only an eagle,
National_symbols_of_Mexico
List of pre-modern handwritten books
Codex Boxer Codex Codex Bezae Codex Boernerianus Codex Borbonicus Aztec codices#Boturini Codex Carmina Burana Codex Cairensis Codex Calixtinus Codex Chimalpahin
List_of_codices
Warm chocolate beverage in milk or water
as well as other things they acquired were listed in The Essential Codex Mendoza. Cacao became used as a currency throughout Mesoamerica. Chocolate was
Hot_chocolate
Aztec youth education centers
Institute for Mesoamerican Studies 1988, pp. 169–177. The essential Codex Mendoza. University of California Press. 1997. p. 415. ISBN 978-0-520-20454-6
Tēlpochcalli
Archaeological site in Mexico City
Moctezuma's Palace from the Codex Mendoza (1542)
Casas_Nuevas_de_Moctezuma
Polearm weapon of the Aztec military
A page from the Codex Mendoza depicting Aztec warriors each wielding a tepoztopilli
Tepoztopilli
Carved Aztec plaque
Temple and his brother Ahuitzotl finished the project. According to the Codex Mendoza this was an important time for the Aztec society, they became an imperial
Dedication_Stone
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan from 1486 to 1502
Ahuizotl Ahuitzotl depicted in the Codex Mendoza Huey Tlatoani of the Aztec Empire Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan Reign 7 Rabbit (1486) – 10 Rabbit (1502) Predecessor
Ahuitzotl
Pre-Columbian city-state in Mexico
college is also notable due to the fact that the writers of the Florentine Codex also attended the College of Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco. Today its remains
Tlatelolco_(altepetl)
Mexican bullion coin
of arms. The past version of the symbol at the top is found in the Codex Mendoza from 1524. Reverse: The design used was based on the 1921 gold Centenario
Libertad_(coin)
Eucratide I]. Berdan, Frances; Anawalt, Patricia Rieff (1992). The Codex Mendoza. Vol. 2. University of California Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-520-06234-4
History_of_gold
Aztec featherwork headdress
model of a headdress or a crown used by Motecuhzoma was depicted in the Codex Mendoza, a traditional Mexica manuscript. This interpretation, linking the artifact
Moctezuma's_headdress
Mesoamerican game
ISBN 1-403-48749-9 pp. 35 Berdan, F.F. & Anawalt, P.R. (1997).The essential Codex Mendoza. University of California Press: California. ISBN 0-520-20454-9 9 game
Patolli
14th-century ruler of the Mexica
Tenoch Depiction of Tenoch in the Codex Mendoza. Reign c. 1325–1375 (?) Born c. 1299 Died 1350, 1367 or 1375 Father Iztac-Mixcoatl[citation needed] Mother
Tenoch
Spanish and Portuguese colonizers of the Age of Discovery
[citation needed] The viceroy of New Spain Antonio de Mendoza, for whom is named the Codex Mendoza, commissioned several expeditions to explore and establish
Conquistador
Atonal's death and the conquest of Coixtlahuaca, in the Aztec Codex Mendoza.
Ātōnaltzin
Species of cactus
was domesticated from Opuntia species native to central Mexico. The Codex Mendoza, and other early sources, show Opuntia cladodes, as well as cochineal
Opuntia_ficus-indica
Sixth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Moquihuix's death as depicted in the Codex Mendoza.
Axayacatl
particular regions delivered to the Aztec Empire prompted the creation of Codex Mendoza, a codification for Spanish use. The rural regions remained highly indigenous
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas
Castrated male human
2023. Anawalt, Patricia Rieff; Berdan, Frances F. (June 1992). "The Codex Mendoza". Scientific American. 266 (6): 70–79. Bibcode:1992SciAm.266f..70A.
Eunuch
Uto-Aztecan language of Mexico
Nahuatl literature was composed during this period, including the Florentine Codex, a twelve-volume compendium of Aztec culture compiled by Franciscan Bernardino
Nahuatl
Round unleavened flatbread made of either nixtamlized corn or wheat
Tortilla production, depicted in the Aztec Codex Mendoza
Tortilla
Mesoamerican pictographic manuscript created before the Spanish conquest of Mexico
holds four other Mesoamerican codices: Codex Laud, Codex Mendoza, Codex Selden and the Selden Roll. The codex is made of deerskin that is 6.7 meters (ca
Codex_Bodley
Chemical element with atomic number 79 (Au)
Eucratide I]. Berdan, Frances; Anawalt, Patricia Rieff (1992). The Codex Mendoza. Vol. 2. University of California Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-520-06234-4
Gold
Tlacochcalcatl of Tenochtitlan
of the World, New York: HarperCollins, p. 354 ISBN 0-06-621086-0. Madrid Codex, VIII, 192v, as quoted in León-Portilla, p. 155. León-Portilla, Miguel (1963)
Tlacaelel
15th–19th century colonization
group was standard practice, shown in Indigenous manuscripts, such as Codex Mendoza. Conquered Indigenous groups expected to take on the gods of their new
European colonization of the Americas
European_colonization_of_the_Americas
Seventh Tlatoani of Tetonitlan
of the Matlatzincan peoples of the Toluca Valley. According to the Codex Mendoza, during Tizoc's reign the āltepēmeh of Tonalimoquetzayan, Toxico, Ecatepec
Tizoc
Research library of the University of Oxford
Mexico (16th century) Codex Mendoza, Aztec codex containing a history of both the Aztec rulers and their conquest (16th century) Codex Selden precolumbian
Bodleian_Library
Alcoholic beverage made from agave
victim. There are many references in Aztec codices, such as the Borbonicus Codex, of pulque's use by nobility and priesthood to celebrate victories. Among
Pulque
Ritualistic killing, usually as an offering
Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl, a Mexica descendant and the author of Codex Ixtlilxochitl, claimed that one in five children of the Mexica subjects
Human_sacrifice
Ancient game
and rubber as tribute from the lowland areas where it was grown. The Codex Mendoza gives a figure of 16,000 lumps of raw rubber being imported to Tenochtitlan
Mesoamerican_ballgame
Cleaning tool for floor
cleaning around hearths. Brooms are mentioned in the 1540 manuscript Codex Mendoza of the Aztecs, which instructs girls to sweep. The birch besom was made
Broom
perched on a nopal cactus with a snake in its beak. This image appears in Codex Mendoza, one early post-conquest manuscript of many Aztec codices or pictorial
History_of_Mexico_City
Pre-Columbian Maya folding books
Maya codices (sing.: codex) are folding books written by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in Maya hieroglyphic script on Mesoamerican bark paper. The
Maya_codices
Offering of material possessions or the lives of animals or humans to a deity
Aztec human sacrifice, from Codex Mendoza, 16th century (Bodleian Library, Oxford).
Sacrifice
Pictorial Aztec record, early 1580s
Codex Ixtlilxochitl (Nahuatl for "black-faced flower") is a pictorial Aztec Codex created between 1580 and 1584, during the Spanish colonial era in Mexico
Codex_Ixtlilxochitl
Collection of four statues in Mesoamerica
David (1981). "City as Symbol in Aztec Thought: The Clues from the Codex Mendoza". History of Religions. 20 (3): 199–223. doi:10.1086/462868. JSTOR 1062365
Atlantean_figures
Archaeological site in Mexico
Tributos, a surviving Aztec tribute record, which later formed part of the Codex Mendoza. This may therefore be linked to another Totonac meaning claimed for
El_Tajín
Ruler of Cempola and ally of Cortés in the Aztec Empire
happened to him after the conquest are unknown. On folio 21v of the Codex Mendoza and page 4 of the Tribute roll Cempoala is registered as having paid
Xicomecoatl
Stones used in gristmills, for grinding wheat or other grains
Museum, Bruges. Aztec mother teaching her daughter to make tortillas. Codex Mendoza. Las Tortilleras (The Tortilla Makers). Hand-colored lithograph, Mexico
Millstone
School of philosophy that developed out of Aztec culture
the Codex Borgia and the Codex Borbonicus (written about the time of conquest). Post-conquest texts include the Florentine Codex, Codex Mendoza and the
Aztec_philosophy
of which probably pre-date the conquest, the Codex Borbonicus, Codex Mendoza, and the late Florentine Codex, which is in a European style but executed by
Mexican_art
Unleavened flatbread made from nixtamalized maize
This drawing is a recreation of the corn tortilla glyph found in the Codex Mendoza
Corn_tortilla
Cofounder of Aztec city Tenochtitlan
it. Berdan, Frances F; Patricia Rieff Anawalt (1997). The Essential Codex Mendoza. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 5. ISBN 0-520-20454-9
Acacitli
Aztecs began using paper imported by the Spanish for works such as the Codex Mendoza. There were 42 amate producing Aztec villages prior to the Spanish Conquest
History_of_paper
Zaragoza Corla Trejo pistol Obregón pistol Mendoza RM2, created by Rafael Mendoza Blanco Mendoza HM-3 Mendoza C-1934 FX-05 Xiuhcoatl rifle M1908 rifle:
List of Mexican inventions and discoveries
List_of_Mexican_inventions_and_discoveries
Type of paper manufactured in Mexico
Aztecs began using paper imported by the Spanish for works such as the Codex Mendoza. There were 42 amate producing Aztec villages prior to the Spanish Conquest
Amate
Second Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
to the Codex Chimalpahin, he reigned from 1390 to 1415, according to the Codex Aubin, he reigned from 1396 to 1417 and according to the Codex Chimalpopoca
Huitzilihuitl
post-conquest manuscript prepared by native scribes for the viceroy of Mexico, Codex Mendoza shows these two types of schools. Aztec religion was highly complex
Education_in_Mexico
American archaeologist
Berdan, Frances F.; Anawalt, Patricia Rieff (1997). The Essential Codex Mendoza. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20454-6. Berdan, Frances
Frances_F._Berdan
Activities performed according to a set sequence
Aztec ritual human sacrifices, Codex Mendoza
Ritual
Aztec herbal manuscript of 1552
created and translated for Don Francisco de Mendoza, son of Don Antonio de Mendoza, the viceroy of New Spain. Mendoza sent the Latin manuscript to Spain, where
Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis
Libellus_de_Medicinalibus_Indorum_Herbis
Advanced Placement course and exam
Christ Allegory of Law and Grace Venus of Urbino Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza Il Gesù, including Triumph of the Name of Jesus ceiling fresco Hunters
AP_Art_History
keeping of tributes rendered from specific regions; such as seen in Codex Mendoza with polities in that region shown using a unique pictogram. The collective
Economic history of Latin America
Economic_history_of_Latin_America
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CODEX MENDOZA
CODEX MENDOZA
CODEX MENDOZA
CODEX MENDOZA
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CODEX MENDOZA
CODEX MENDOZA
CODEX MENDOZA
CODEX MENDOZA
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