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Redundancy of codons in the genetic code
Degeneracy or redundancy of codons is the redundancy of the genetic code, exhibited as the multiplicity of three-base pair codon combinations that specify
Codon_degeneracy
Rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins
within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links
Genetic_code
Topics referred to by the same term
Degeneracy (biology), the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function or yield the same output Codon degeneracy,
Degeneracy
DNA mutation with no observable effect on an organism's phenotype
silent mutations can have an effect on the outcome of the phenotype. Codon degeneracy Neutral mutation Genealogical DNA test Missense mutation Nonsense mutation
Silent_mutation
Theory in neurology
response might be designed to the wrong problem. Variation fuels degeneracy; degeneracy provides somatic selective systems with more than one way to solve
Neural_Darwinism
Form of evolutionary mutation
amino acids are coded for by more than one three-base-pair codon; since some of the codons for a given amino acid differ by just one base pair from others
Synonymous_substitution
employ as many as 41 distinct tRNAs with unique anticodons; because of codon degeneracy within the genetic code, several tRNAs containing different anticodons
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Technique used in protein engineering
mutagenesis technique used in protein engineering, in which a single codon or set of codons is substituted with all possible amino acids at the position. There
Saturation_mutagenesis
Changes to DNA with no overall impact
the same amino acid. This phenomenon is referred to as degeneracy and allows for a variety of codon combinations leading to the same amino acid being produced
Neutral_mutation
Concept in molecular genetics regarding misreading of genes
respect to codon usage, the ambush hypothesis theorizes that there is a positive correlation between the use of a codon and the amount a codon contributes
Ambush_hypothesis
Technique in molecular biology
comprehensive approach is site saturation mutagenesis where one codon or a set of codons may be substituted with all possible amino acids at the specific
Site-directed_mutagenesis
Observation in evolutionary biology
efficient method is to use an NNK codon degeneracy, also known as a limited codon set. This method, will result in only 32 codons rather than 64. In comparison
Genetic_saturation
DNA structure discovery
the presence of "nonsense coding", and revealed the high degree of degeneracy in codon specification. This demonstration of the triplet nature of the genetic
Frameshift mutation experiment
Frameshift_mutation_experiment
This level of information redundancy within the codon table is known in biochemistry as degeneracy. It opens the door for new amino acids to be potentially
Alloprotein
amino acid serine is specified by six unique codons (UCA, UCG, UCC, UCU, AGU, and AGC). Codon degeneracy accounts for the existence of synonymous mutations
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
DNA mutation
the second and third nucleotide codon position of the DNA, which to a large extent is responsible for the degeneracy of the code, is more tolerant of
Transversion
Software for statistical analysis of molecular evolution
any genetic code table. In addition, MEGA can also compute the degeneracy of each codon position in a genetic code table as well as the number of synonymous
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis
Molecular_Evolutionary_Genetics_Analysis
Short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis
IUPAC degeneracies for individual bases. PCR primers are then synthesized as a mixture of primers corresponding to all permutations of the codon sequence
Primer_(molecular_biology)
Type of macromolecule
Weisblum, B.; Benzer, S.; Holley, R. W. (1962-08-01). "A Physical Basis for Degeneracy in the Amino Acid Code". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Semantide
Molecule that delivers the amino acid to the ribosome during translation
amino acid matching the anticodon of the tRNA, and in turn matching the codon of the mRNA, is used during protein synthesis. In order to prevent translational
Aminoacyl-tRNA
American biochemist and geneticist (1927–2010)
experiment). This greatly sped up the assignment of three-base codons to amino acids so that 50 codons were identified in this way. Khorana's experiments confirmed
Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg
mutations at certain bases without changing the amino acid residue due to codon degeneracy. Matching the in silico translated protein sequences of all 6 open
Digital transcriptome subtraction
Digital_transcriptome_subtraction
Process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms
phenomenon is called degeneracy. In all, there are 64 codons, 61 of each code for one of the 20 amino acids, while the remaining codons specify chain termination
Biosynthesis
American scientist
signal in response to chemokine agonists of nearly unlimited structural degeneracy". eLife. 7 e35850. doi:10.7554/eLife.35850. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5993540
K._Christopher_Garcia
Portion of gene's sequence which codes for protein
and the 'Wobble Hypothesis' which describes the degeneracy of the third base within an mRNA codon. While it is well known that the genome of one individual
Coding_region
Collection of genetic material fragments
libraries (formed by de novo gene synthesis where alternative nucleotides or codons are incorporated). DNA library technology is a mainstay of current molecular
Library_(biology)
is due to the biased distribution towards codon triplets, which is a consequence of genetic code degeneracy; while non-coding segments are uniformly randomly
3-Base_Periodicity_Property
Single nucleotide in genomic DNA at which different sequence alternatives exist
1580 (nt) in the DNA sequence (CGT codon) causing the guanine to be replaced with the thymine, yielding CTT codon in the DNA sequence, results at the
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Single-nucleotide_polymorphism
clone (verb) - cloning - CmERG1 - coding sequence - coding strand - codon - codon usage bias - competent - complementary - conformational epitope - congenital
Index of molecular biology articles
Index_of_molecular_biology_articles
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
that enabled them to survive outside a cell. This is also called the "degeneracy hypothesis", or "reduction hypothesis". Cellular origin hypothesis Some
Virus
Similar DNA, RNA or protein sequences within genomes or among species
and amino acid sequence may be conserved to different extents, as the degeneracy of the genetic code means that synonymous mutations in a coding sequence
Conserved_sequence
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