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Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species
Comparative anatomy is a study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and
Comparative_anatomy
Scientific study of the morphology of the human body
sciences. In some of its facets human anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology, through common roots in
Human_anatomy
Part of an animal that coordinates actions and senses
Muscular system Sentience Tortora, G.J.; Derrickson, B. (2016). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15th ed.). J. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-34373-8. Iadecola,
Nervous_system
Study of patterns and natural variation in life
examining areas such as anatomy. physiology, genomics, developmental biology, bioinformatics, systematics, and biogeography. Comparative evidence from various
Comparative_biology
Innermost part of the vertebrate ear
Retrieved 2011-04-13. Hyman, Libbie Henrietta (1992). Hyman's comparative vertebrate anatomy (3 ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 634. ISBN 0226870138
Inner_ear
Tube attached to the intestine
Everett, M. L.; Thomas, A. D.; Bollinger, R. R.; Parker, W. (2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal
Appendix_(anatomy)
Botanical garden in Paris, France
et d'Anatomie Comparée ('Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy'), a comparative anatomy museum in the ground floor and a paleontology museum
Jardin_des_Plantes
Study of the structure of organisms
beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny
Anatomy
Part of the epithalamus
A parietal eye (third eye, pineal eye) is a part of the epithalamus in some vertebrates. The eye is at the top of the head, is photoreceptive, and is associated
Parietal_eye
Area inside a bone where marrow is stored
of Anatomy and Physiology (8th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-321-50589-7. Tortora, Gerard J. (2022). Principles of anatomy and
Medullary_cavity
Book by Libbie Hyman
A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy is a textbook written by Libbie Hyman in 1922 and released as the first edition from the University
A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
A_Laboratory_Manual_for_Comparative_Vertebrate_Anatomy
Natural history museum in London, England
The Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy is a natural history museum that is part of University College London in London, England. It was established
Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy
Grant_Museum_of_Zoology_and_Comparative_Anatomy
French paleontologist (1769–1832)
19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with
Georges_Cuvier
Museum in Paris, France
The Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy (in French, Galerie de Paléontologie et d'Anatomie comparée) is a part of the French National Museum
Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy
Gallery_of_Paleontology_and_Comparative_Anatomy
Natural history museum in Pavia, Italy
university for more than a century. A new wing was added in 1778 for comparative anatomy was added to the existing sections of mineralogy and zoology, containing
Natural_History_Museum,_Pavia
Structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres
180–197. Ariens, K.; C.U.; Huber, G.C.; Crosby, E.C. (1960). The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man. Vol. 3. New
Cerebellar_vermis
German anatomist (1826–1903)
demonstrated that the field of comparative anatomy offers important evidence supporting of the theory of evolution. As a professor of anatomy at the University of
Carl_Gegenbaur
Muscle in the eye which constricts the pupil
muscle Miosis Gest, Thomas R; Burkel, William E. (2000). "Anatomy Tables - Eye". Medical Gross Anatomy. University of Michigan Medical School. Archived from
Iris_sphincter_muscle
Study of external forms and structures of organisms
biological processes, such as immune and invasive responses. Comparative anatomy Computational anatomy Insect morphology Morphometrics Neuromorphology Phenetics
Morphology_(biology)
Cartilage found within the sclera of some vertebrate eyes
Franz-Odendaal, Tamara A. (July 2025). "The elusive scleral cartilages: Comparative anatomy and development in teleosts and avians". The Anatomical Record. 308
Scleral_cartilage
Anatomical subdivision scheme
upper quadrant and right lower quadrant. These terms are not used in comparative anatomy, since most other animals do not stand erect. The left lower quadrant
Quadrants and regions of abdomen
Quadrants_and_regions_of_abdomen
German anatomist and biologist
full professor of anatomy and succeeded Alexander Ecker as the director of Freiburg's Institute of Anatomy and Comparative Anatomy. At Freiburg Wiedersheim
Robert_Wiedersheim
In comparative anatomy, a neomorph is an anatomical structure in a clade of organisms which has no equivalent evolutionary equivalent in ancestral taxa
Neomorph_(anatomy)
Central organ of the human nervous system
S2CID 6290040. Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 247. Gray's Anatomy 2008, pp. 251–2. Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 250. Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 248. Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 251
Human_brain
Connective tissue between bones
PMID 28621492. Daniel John Cunningham (1918). Cunningham's text-book of anatomy (5th ed.). Oxford Press. p. 1593. R.A., Hauser; E.E., Dolan; H.J., Phillips;
Ligament
Sleep in birds
appeared to evolve in response to predator-prey relationships). Trade-offs in anatomy and physiology are common, and this is seen in the olfactory lobes of most
Avian_sleep
Order of mammals
1098/rsos.181536. PMC 6458384. PMID 31032010. Langer, Peter (2017). Comparative Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Eutheria I: Taxonomy, Biogeography
Rodent
Shark anatomy differs from that of bony fish in a variety of ways. Variation observed within shark anatomy is a potential result of speciation and habitat
Shark_anatomy
Scottish comparative anatomist and extramural teacher in anatomy
(10 December 1758 – 21 August 1826) was a Scottish comparative anatomist, extramural teacher in anatomy, and director of the Highland Society of Scotland
John_Barclay_(anatomist)
Museum in Paris, France
the royal garden offered public lectures on botany, chemistry, and comparative anatomy. In 1729, the chateau in the garden was enlarged with an upper floor
National Museum of Natural History, France
National_Museum_of_Natural_History,_France
practice, he greatly advanced the state of knowledge in the fields of anatomy, astronomy, civil engineering, optics, and the study of water (hydrodynamics)
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci
Science_and_inventions_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci
Form of comparative anatomy
Transcendental anatomy, also known as philosophical anatomy, was a form of comparative anatomy that sought to find ideal patterns and structures common
Transcendental_anatomy
German physiologist and anthropologist (1752-1840)
the human being as an aspect of natural history. His teachings in comparative anatomy were applied to his classification of human races, of which he claimed
Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach
Group of neurons on the floor of the midbrain
Christoph; Egger, Karl; Urbach, Horst; Reisert, Marco (2018-01-01). "The anatomy of the human medial forebrain bundle: Ventral tegmental area connections
Ventral_tegmental_area
British paleoanthropologist (b 1945)
reference in the field. Wood's research has increasingly focused on comparative anatomy and soft-tissue phylogeny in primates, demonstrating that soft tissues
Bernard Wood (paleoanthropologist)
Bernard_Wood_(paleoanthropologist)
External organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during copulation
copulations are frequent. Kardong, Kenneth V. (1995). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Publishers. pp
Intromittent_organ
Estonian biologist (1842–1925)
Emil Rosenberg (1842–1925) was a biologist and professor of comparative anatomy, embryology and histology, who worked 20 years at the Imperial University
Emil_Rosenberg
Optic nerve head, the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye
1111/cxo.12690 Johnson, George Lindsay (1901). "Contributions to the Comparative Anatomy of the Mammalian Eye, Chiefly Based on Ophthalmoscopic Examination"
Optic_disc
Physical substance of the human organism
human or animal anatomy Body image – Aesthetic perception of one's own body Cell physiology – Study of cell activity Comparative anatomy – Study of similarities
Human_body
Elongated stalk of tissue
ISSN 1437-2320. Fishbeck, Dale W.; Sebastiani, Aurora (1 March 2015). Comparative Anatomy: Manual of Vertebrate Dissection. Morton Publishing Company. p. 552
Peduncle_(anatomy)
English anatomist, writer and activist (1849–1898)
together. At this time he had four teaching positions, a Lecturer on Comparative Anatomy at London Hospital, a lecturer on Natural History at New College
Edward_Aveling
Part of the skull around the brain
skullcap. The remainder of the skull is the facial skeleton. In comparative anatomy, neurocranium is sometimes used synonymously with endocranium or
Neurocranium
Set of morphological features common to members of a phylum of animals
Règne Animal, French zoologist Georges Cuvier combined evidence from comparative anatomy and palaeontology to divide the animal kingdom into four body plans
Body_plan
English scientist and physician (1651–1708)
He is commonly regarded as the founder of modern comparative anatomy, which compares the anatomy between species. Tyson was born the son of Edward Tyson
Edward_Tyson
Genus of amphibians
species – as an amphibian with gill slits, it is often dissected in comparative anatomy classes. The common mudpuppy has the largest distribution of any
Necturus
English biologist (1825–1895)
1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist who specialised in comparative anatomy. He has become known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles
Thomas_Henry_Huxley
Bone found in the sclera of the eye in some bird species
ISSN 0022-8443. JSTOR 3625628. Baumel, J. J. (1993). Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club
Os_opticus
American drum and bass band
Comparative Anatomy is an experimental drum & bass band from Charlottesville, Virginia. Known for their elaborate costumes, absurd humor, simple but diverse
Comparative_Anatomy_(band)
British anthropologist and anatomist (1901–1975)
on primate anatomy during the 20th century. He is best known for his nearly completed eight-volume series, Primates: Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy
William_Charles_Osman_Hill
British anatomist and zoologist
19th century at Edinburgh and subsequently the first professor of comparative anatomy at University College London. He is noted for his influence on the
Robert_Edmond_Grant
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
intuition ("a ha") in working memory. The comparative simplicity and regularity of the cerebellar anatomy led to an early hope that it might imply a
Cerebellum
Blind pouch in the inner ear
In anatomy, the endolymphatic sac is a structure in the inner ear. It is a dead end pouch located at the end of the endolymphatic duct, on the posterior
Endolymphatic_sac
Polish zoologist (1864–1947)
1864 – 17 October 1947) was a Polish zoologist and professor of comparative anatomy at the Jagiellonian University from 1894 to 1934 serving also as
Henryk_Ferdynand_Hoyer
Genus of ferns
Mickelia is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG
Mickelia
Representation of anatomical structures
The Uber-anatomy ontology (Uberon) is a comparative anatomy ontology representing a variety of structures found in animals, such as lungs, muscles, bones
Uberon
The Jodrell Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy is a chair at University College London, endowed (shortly after the Jodrell Chair of Physiology)
Jodrell Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy
Jodrell_Professor_of_Zoology_and_Comparative_Anatomy
Part of the vulva that contains the openings
Genitalia: A Review of Comparative Anatomy of Clitoris and the Female Lower Reproductive Tract in Theria". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 62 (3). National
Vulval_vestibule
Study of the form or morphology of fishes
Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fish. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts
Fish_anatomy
Accessory extraocular muscle found in most mammals, excluding humans and primates
humans, understanding its anatomy and function in animals is important in veterinary ophthalmology and comparative anatomy. Paralysis or dysfunction of
Musculus_retractor_bulbi
French traveler, naturalist, writer and diplomat (1517-1564)
on a range of topics including ichthyology, ornithology, botany, comparative anatomy, architecture and Egyptology. He is sometimes known as Pierre Belon
Pierre_Belon
Region of the cerebral cortex involved in voluntary movement
Somatosens. Mot. Res. 14 (4): 268–280. PMID 9443367. Standring S (2016). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (41st ed.). London: Elsevier
Motor_cortex
Professorship at the Royal Institution, London
professorship in 1912–1915. "Fullerian Professors of Physiology and Comparative Anatomy". The Royal Institution of Great Britain. 2012. Retrieved 12 January
Fullerian Professor of Physiology
Fullerian_Professor_of_Physiology
Female sex organ in animals
Integrative And Comparative Biology. 62 (3): 521–532. doi:10.1093/icb/icac115. ISSN 1540-7063. Wagner, Rudolph (1845). Elements of the Comparative Anatomy of the
Animal_clitoris
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Metatheria
PMID 21592102. Ferner, K.; Schultz, J. A.; Zeller, U. (2017). "Comparative anatomy of neonates of the three major mammalian groups (monotremes, marsupials
Marsupial
"Third eyelid" of some animals
Jackson, William Hatchett (1898). Forms of Animal Life : A Manual of Comparative Anatomy, with Descriptions of Selected Types. Clarendon Press. p. 401. Vitt
Nictitating_membrane
1699 book by Edward Tyson
seminal work on anatomy, this volume led to Tyson being known as the father of comparative anatomy. The book characterizes in detail the anatomy of a creature
Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris
Orang-Outang,_sive_Homo_Sylvestris
Organ located in innermost part of ear
domain from page 1049 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Saladin, Kenneth S. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. New
Semicircular_canals
American surgeon, anatomist, zoologist, and educator (1841-1897)
of comparative anatomy and zoology; chair of the institute of medicine; emeritus professor of the institute of medicine; and chair of comparative anatomy
Harrison_Allen
Lower and inner parts of the skull
The endocranium in comparative anatomy is a part of the skull base in vertebrates and it represents the basal, inner part of the cranium. The term is
Endocranium
Study of the internal structure of plants
evolutionary lines. He published his The Anatomy of Woody Plants in 1917. The growth of comparative plant anatomy was spearheaded by British botanist Agnes
Plant_anatomy
Relationship between biological organs
PMC 6466056. PMID 30621143. Katja Hoehn; Marieb, Elaine Nicpon (2007). Human anatomy & physiology. San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. pp. 1090–1110.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal_axis
Physiology of Spiders (order Araneae)
The anatomy of spiders includes many characteristics shared with other arachnids. These characteristics include bodies divided into two tagmata (sections
Spider_anatomy
Dutch scientist
of Enlightenment. He was one of the first to take an interest in comparative anatomy, palaeontology, and the facial angle. He was among the first to mark
Petrus_Camper
1863 book by Thomas Henry Huxley
as the latter does from man" (p95). There is much more detailed comparative anatomy, leading to the same type of argument, for example: "Hence it is
Man's_Place_in_Nature
English zoologist (1855–1924)
the British Museum (Natural History), and was also a professor of comparative anatomy at King's College. His author abbreviation is Bell. Bell was born
Francis_Jeffrey_Bell
English anatomist and naturalist
preparation, particularly for specimens illustrating pathological and comparative anatomy. The museum contained more than 3,000 anatomical preparations of
Joshua_Brookes
Physiological structure of birds' bodies
Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight. Birds have a light skeletal system
Bird_anatomy
Homology type
Serial homology is a special type of homology, defined by Owen as "representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism." Ernst Haeckel
Serial_homology
Bone in the vertebral column
Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution. McGraw-Hill. pp. 287–288. ISBN 978-0-07-290956-2. Hyman, Libbie (1922). Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. Chicago:
Vertebra
Evolutionary byproduct of some other characteristic
denying a structure the status of spandrel are historical order and comparative anatomy. Historical order involves the use of historical evidence to determine
Spandrel_(biology)
Linacre Professorship of Physiology and then as the chair of Human and Comparative Anatomy, although its origins can be traced back a further 300 years, to
Linacre_Professor_of_Zoology
Ring of bone supporting the eye
Joseph (1944). A history of comparative anatomy from Aristotle to the eighteenth century. Macmillan & Co. p. 76. The anatomy of birds receives attention
Scleral_ring
Blood vessel structure in bird eyes
light", Journal of Anatomy, 185 (Pt 3): 637–642, PMC 1166670, PMID 7649799 Dayan, Mustafa Orhun; Ozaydın, Tugba (2013). "A comparative morphometrical study
Pecten_oculi
Khoikhoi woman (c. 1789–1815)
menagerie at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle and a founder of comparative anatomy, and other French naturalists examined Baartman at the Jardin du
Sarah_Baartman
PMID 12662940. Drake, R; Vogl, AW; Mitchell, AW (1997). "Gray's anatomy for students". Nature. 390 (6656): 137–142. Bibcode:1997Natur.390..137H
Evolution_of_the_cochlea
Finnish physician and professor of anatomy and physiology
1898) was a Finnish physician and professor of anatomy and physiology who worked on comparative anatomy. He also described many species of insects from
Evert_Julius_Bonsdorff
Standard terms for unambiguous description of relative placement of body parts
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and other animals. The terms, typically derived from Latin or
Anatomical_terms_of_location
Species of cartilaginous fish
Rhinobatos holcorhynchus, commonly known as the slender guitarfish, is a guitarfish from the genus Rhinobatos that has a broadly wedge-shaped disc, a long
Rhinobatos_holcorhynchus
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
well as impressions of various soft-bodied organisms. The comparative study of the anatomy of groups of animals shows structural features that are fundamentally
Evidence_of_common_descent
Flap in the throat protecting the windpipe
(2017-08-29). Comparative Anatomy and Histology: A Mouse, Rat, and Human Atlas. Academic Press. pp. 109–110. ISBN 9780128029190. Issues in Anatomy, Physiology
Epiglottis
Morphome is one of the omes in biology to map and classify all the morphological features of species. Morphome is different from phenome in that it is
Morphome
Obsolete taxon of non-arthropod invertebrates
M. L. Everett, A. D. Thomas, R. R. Bollinger, W. Parker (2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal
Vermes
Thin astrocyte membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord
ISBN 978-0-19-515222-7. Retrieved 20 March 2011. Saladin, Kenneth S. (2011). Human Anatomy. McGraw-Hill. p. 358. ISBN 9780071222075. Engelhardt B, Coisne C (2011)
Glia_limitans
Paired internal organ in vertebrates
Molly (2013-10-22). Comparative Vertebrate Morphology. Academic Press. p. 494. ISBN 978-1-4832-7259-7. Holz, Peter H. (Jan 2020). "Anatomy and Physiology of
Kidney_(vertebrates)
Ratio of two of the wing vein segments of honeybees
Cubital index is the ratio of two of the wing vein segments of honeybees. The cubital index is used in morphology, the study of form and structure, one
Cubital_index
Subphylum of chordates
1038/s41467-025-63888-z. PMC 12559707. Kardong, Kenneth V. (1998). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (second ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill. pp. 747 pp.
Vertebrate
Arrangement of digits on hands and feet
Araim, Marwan; Sayegh, Marc; Natale, Jessica (2018). "The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction". Royal Society
Dactyly
as Viewed by the Ophthalmoscope: A Study in Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, describes eagle eye anatomy in detail: "Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Eagle_eye
Illustration of embryos in their developmental sequence
controversy linked the fields of developmental biology and comparative anatomy into comparative embryology. From a more modern perspective, Haeckel's drawings
Embryo_drawing
Technique used to immobilize or kill an animal
Technology as Applied to the Domestic Cat: An Introduction to Human, Veterinary, and Comparative Anatomy Book by Burt Green Wilder and Simon Henry Gage (1882)
Pithing
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