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Thought experiments
In economics, comparative statics is the comparison of two different economic outcomes, before and after a change in some underlying exogenous parameter
Comparative_statics
Monotone comparative statics is a sub-field of comparative statics that focuses on the conditions under which endogenous variables undergo monotone changes
Monotone_comparative_statics
American economist (born 1948)
often draw valid general comparative statics inferences from special cases. . ... these results suggest that comparative statics conclusions obtained in
Paul_Milgrom
Partial order in lattice theory
over the subsets of a lattice. It is widely used to study monotone comparative statics of parametrized optimization problems in economic theory and operations
Strong_set_order
Theorem in mathematical economics
economics, Topkis's theorem is a result that is useful for establishing comparative statics. The theorem allows researchers to understand how the optimal set
Topkis's_theorem
1947 book on economic theory by Paul Samuelson
stating and formalizing qualitative and quantitative versions of the "comparative statics" method for calculating how a change in any parameter (say, a change
Foundations of Economic Analysis
Foundations_of_Economic_Analysis
Condition in monotone comparative statics
In monotone comparative statics, the single-crossing condition or single-crossing property refers to a condition where the relationship between two or
Single-crossing_condition
Theorem in mathematics and economics
objective function. The envelope theorem is an important tool for comparative statics of optimization models. The term envelope derives from describing
Envelope_theorem
of qualitative economics include comparative-static changes studied in microeconomics or macroeconomics and comparative equilibrium-growth states in a macroeconomic
Qualitative_economics
Economic model of price determination in a market
price and quantity, represented as shifts in the respective curves. Comparative statics of such a shift traces the effects from the initial equilibrium to
Supply_and_demand
Concept in economics
method for calculating short-run multipliers is called comparative statics. That is, comparative statics calculates how much one or more endogenous variables
Multiplier_(economics)
Analytical tool in economics
country or a region. These models are usually designed to examine the comparative statics and dynamics of aggregate quantities such as the total amount of
Macroeconomic_model
Topics referred to by the same term
law of economics Comparative advertising, a marketing technique Comparative economic systems, a method of economics Comparative statics, a method of economics
Comparative_(disambiguation)
1939 book by John Richard Hicks
conditions for general equilibrium. In doing so, Hicks formalised comparative statics. The book synthesises dynamic-adjustment elements from Walras and
Value_and_Capital
Reputation effects (game theory), supermodular games, monotone comparative statics, Linkage principle, Deferred-acceptance auction Robert B. Wilson
List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences
List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences
Branch of applied mathematics
system (such as a market or the economy) is modeled as not changing comparative statics as to a change from one equilibrium to another induced by a change
Mathematical_economics
Mathematical representation of economic system
utility maximization. An example of such a model is given by the comparative statics of taxation on the profit-maximizing firm. The profit of a firm is
Economic_model
Situation where economic forces are balanced
static equilibria to each other, as in the above example, is known as comparative statics. For example, since a rise in consumers' income leads to a higher
Economic_equilibrium
Study of patterns in specific industries that do not follow broader economic patterns
Schumpeter. It is the complementary study to that of an industry’s comparative statics, which still dominates economic analysis. Industrial dynamics, as
Cyclical_industrial_dynamics
Commodity money – Community-based economics – Comparative advantage – Comparative dynamics – Comparative statics – Compensating differential – Competition
Index_of_economics_articles
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
parameter changes. The process of computing this change is called comparative statics. The maximum theorem of Claude Berge (1963) describes the continuity
Mathematical_optimization
Matrix of partial derivatives of a vector-valued function
1007/s00362-023-01499-w. S2CID 263661094. Gandolfo, Giancarlo (1996). "Comparative Statics and the Correspondence Principle". Economic Dynamics (Third ed.)
Jacobian matrix and determinant
Jacobian_matrix_and_determinant
Game theory concept
functions. Backward reply correspondences also play a crucial role for comparative statics analysis (see below). Quasi-AGs (hence generalized AGs, hence AGs)
Aggregative_game
American economist and Nobel Laureate (1915–2009)
changes in taxes or new technologies. In the course of analysis, comparative statics, (the analysis of changes in equilibrium of the system that result
Paul_Samuelson
Function in economics
as to maximize their utility subject to a budget constraint). The comparative statics of consumer behavior investigates the effects of changes in the exogenous
Income–consumption_curve
Behavior of individuals and firms
microeconomic theory can continue without this assumption, it would make comparative statics impossible since there is no guarantee that the resulting utility
Microeconomics
Concepts in economics
long-run adjustment. Each is an example of comparative statics. Alfred Marshall (1890) pioneered in comparative-static period analysis. He distinguished
Long_run_and_short_run
Journal of Urban Economics 38, no. 3 (1995): 253–271. Pasha, Hafiz A. "Comparative Statics Analysis of Density Controls." Journal of Urban Economics 32, no
Hafeez_Pasha_(economist)
Economic theorem
be finite and all of them will be locally unique. This means that comparative statics, or the analysis of how the equilibrium changes when there are shocks
Sonnenschein–Mantel–Debreu theorem
Sonnenschein–Mantel–Debreu_theorem
Type of derivative in mathematics
treated as a function of all phase space coordinates and time. In comparative statics, total derivatives often describe how endogenous variables change
Derivative (multivariable calculus)
Derivative_(multivariable_calculus)
Health economics model
the model. Dynamic optimization problems are often optimized using comparative statics, setting partial derivatives of the outcome function of interest
Grossman model of health demand
Grossman_model_of_health_demand
Research method in social science
textured and sequenced account; and the evaluation of the model through comparative statics and the testable implications the model generates. The analytic narrative
Analytic_narrative
Japanese heterodox economist and public intellectual
Credit", ZfN. Morishima, Michio (1960), "On the Three Hicksian Laws of Comparative Statics", RES. Morishima, Michio (1960), "A reconsideration of the Walras-Cassel-Leontief
Michio_Morishima
Theory of equilibrium between supply and demand
any particular equilibrium is at least locally unique. If so, then comparative statics can be applied as long as the shocks to the system are not too large
General_equilibrium_theory
Extrinsic random variable not affecting economic fundamentals
S2CID 17748854. Kehoe, Timothy J.; Levine, David K. (1985). "Comparative Statics and Perfect Foresight in Infinite Horizon Economies". Econometrica
Sunspots_(economics)
Economic theorem regarding rate of profit
terms. The problem with these examples is that they are based on comparative statics. The comparison is between different economies each on an equilibrium
Okishio's_theorem
British economist (1904–1989)
general equilibrium. In the course of analysis Hicks formalised comparative statics. In the same year, he also developed the famous "compensation" criterion
John_Hicks
Method for optimizing information security investments
(December 2012). "Coordination in Network Security Games: A Monotone Comparative Statics Approach". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 30 (11):
Gordon–Loeb_model
Canadian-American economist (1945–2026)
bringing the methods of lattice programming into the study of monotone comparative statics in economic analysis. Most recently, he has been involved in two
Donald_John_Roberts
American think tank
distribution of the federal tax burden. The TAG model is a "neoclassical, comparative-statics economic model coupled with a tax return simulator". The economic
Tax_Foundation
American economist
on 2006-09-27. Retrieved 2008-04-14. Athey, S. (2002). "Monotone Comparative Statics Under Uncertainty". Quarterly Journal of Economics. 117 (1): 187–223
Susan_Athey
Venezuelan economist
1086/719639. Rodríguez, Francisco; Zambrano, Eduardo (May 2022). "Monotone comparative statics in the Calvert–Wittman model". Economic Theory Bulletin. 10 (1):
Francisco Rodríguez (economist)
Francisco_Rodríguez_(economist)
alternative way to measure the effect of altruism on efficiency is via comparative statics: in a single game (not necessarily worst-case one), how does increasing
Price of anarchy in congestion games
Price_of_anarchy_in_congestion_games
models Static Use of individual data (large quantity of individuals), comparative statics, non-existence of historical time Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg Dynamic
Pension_model
In economics, recurrent or cyclical processes
conventional Gross National Product in 1945 to about 33% in 1981. Comparative statics law of value labour power In a recurrent process, the same event
Reproduction_(economics)
Weyl, E. Glen (October 2008). "Monopolies in Two-Sided Markets: Comparative Statics and Identification" (PDF). Retrieved 21 June 2010. Shy, Oz (2001)
Platform_evangelism
equilibrium is locally unique. Local uniqueness in turn permits the use of comparative statics - an analysis of how the economy responds to external shocks - as
Regular_economy
Economics between nation states
And, because of the incidence of rapid change, the methodology of comparative statics has fewer applications than in the theory of international trade
International_economics
Ideal level of money
participants show trust and cooperation, and are motivated to do so. Comparative statics Economic calculation problem Exchange value Heterodox economics Price
Real_and_ideal_prices
Economist
corresponding agent-compensation schemes. One of the methods used was comparative statics which lead to the conclusion that firms have incentives to supply
Margaret_Slade
Monique (July 2013). "Reactance, Restoration, and Cognitive Structure: Comparative Statics: Reactance, Restoration, and Cognitive Structure". Human Communication
Health_communication
British economist (born 1959)
in Retirement Financing. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. "Comparative Statics with Indivisible Goods: The Five Market Transitions," with John Leahy
Andrew_Caplin
Topics referred to by the same term
stability of an economic equilibrium corresponds to deriving results in comparative statics One of the seven Principles cited in the esoteric book The Kybalion
Correspondence principle (disambiguation)
Correspondence_principle_(disambiguation)
British polymath (1833-1885)
treatments on the Continent (not apparently known by him), complete with comparative statics (a change in equilibrium from a shifts of a curve), welfare analysis
Fleeming_Jenkin
Indian economist (born 1943)
OCLC 315670257. Pattanaik, Prasanta K.; Dasgupta, Indraneel (2010). Comparative statics for a consumer with possibly multiple optimum consumption bundles
Prasanta_Pattanaik
Model used as input to the transportation planning process
and ignored interdependencies in land uses. Used closed system, comparative statics ways of thinking. And gave no special attention to transportation
Land-use_forecasting
Takayama, A. (1963). On a Two-Sector Model of Economic Growth—A Comparative Statics Analysis—. The Review of Economic Studies, 30(2), 95-104. Takayama
Akira_Takayama_(economist)
American economist (1926–2020)
, and Douglas Hale, George Lady, and John Maybee, Nonparametric Comparative Statics and Stability, Princeton University Press, 1999. Quirk, James P.
James_P._Quirk
Practical application of mechanics
macroscopic fluids). Each branch of applied mechanics is further divided into statics (the study of bodies that have zero resultant force and torque acted upon
Applied_mechanics
Taxonomy of human knowledge
Architecture, Tactics). Transcendental (Theory of Courses). Mixed. Mechanics. Statics. Statics, properly said. Hydrostatics. Dynamics. Dynamics, properly said. Ballistics
Figurative system of human knowledge
Figurative_system_of_human_knowledge
Complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis
Courtenay and Mikołaj Kruszewski of the Kazan School, who used the terms statics and dynamics of language. In 1970 Eugenio Coșeriu, revisiting De Saussure's
Diachrony_and_synchrony
Russian Soviet economist (1892–1938)
Russia.[citation needed]. In his 1924 paper "On the Notion of Economic Statics, Dynamics and Fluctuations", Kondratiev formulated, for the first time
Nikolai_Kondratiev
Judicial principle
more than another, unless they voluntarily vest him with it". In Social Statics, Herbert Spencer defined it as a natural law "that every man may claim
Equality_before_the_law
Structural element capable of withstanding loads by resisting bending
materials Moment (physics) Poisson's ratio Post and lintel Shear strength Statics and Statically indeterminate Stress (mechanics) and Strain (materials science)
Beam_(structure)
Academic fields of study or professions
Thermodynamics Social physics Soil physics Solid state physics Spintronics Statics Fluid statics Statistical physics Surface physics Agrochemistry Analytical chemistry
Outline of academic disciplines
Outline_of_academic_disciplines
Khwarazmian-Persian polymath (973–1048)
Chronology". Encyclopædia Iranica. Rozhanskaya, Mariam; Levinova, I. S. (1996). "Statics". In Rushdī, Rāshid (ed.). Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science
Al-Biruni
Critique of planned economies
(1): 72–76. doi:10.2307/2967661. JSTOR 2967661. Lerner, A. P. (1937). "Statics and Dynamics in Socialist Economics". The Economic Journal. 47 (186): 253–270
Economic_calculation_problem
German structural engineer (1821–1881)
Poncelet, Culmann was a pioneer of graphical methods in engineering ("graphic statics"), publishing his seminal book on the topic, Die graphische Statik in 1865
Carl_Culmann
British social anthropologist (1881–1955)
statements about the conditions of existence of social systems (laws of social statics) and the regularities that are observable in social change (laws of social
Alfred_Radcliffe-Brown
Personality disorder involving extreme asociality
self-concept. (From: Gannushkin, P.B (1933). Manifestations of psychopathies: statics, dynamics, systematic aspects.) Kretschmer E (1999). Physique and Character
Schizoid_personality_disorder
poverty.” Voices of the Poor, a 1990s study by the World Bank about the statics of poverty. Moving Out of Poverty distinguished itself from Voices of the
Moving_Out_of_Poverty
German polymath (1646–1716)
Gerhardt's Mathematical Writings. Leibniz contributed a fair amount to the statics and dynamics emerging around him, often disagreeing with Descartes and
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
Austrian economist and philosopher (1899–1992)
online in Project Muse, Swetswise and Ebsco Clavé, Francis (2015). "Comparative Study of Lippmann's and Hayek's Liberalisms (or neo-liberalisms)". The
Friedrich_Hayek
18th and 19th-century evolutionary ideas
was a relative late-comer which can be seen in Herbert Spencer's Social Statics of 1851, and at least one earlier example, but was not in general use until
Transmutation_of_species
Continuous progression from past to future
Bunnag, Anawat (August 2017). "The concept of time in philosophy: A comparative study between Theravada Buddhist and Henri Bergson's concept of time
Time
International nonprofit membership organization
regions too. Comparative ethnography can tell us about cultural statics, what predicts cross-cultural variation in recent times. Comparative archaeology
Human_Relations_Area_Files
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
original (PDF) on 2013-07-22. Rozhanskaya, Mariam; Levinova, I. S. (1996). "Statics". In Rushdī, Rāshid (ed.). Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science
Scientific_method
Scientific study of human society and relationships
reproduced through the choices of individuals? Synchrony and diachrony (or statics and dynamics) within social theory are terms that refer to a distinction
Sociology
Equations for calculations of the Darcy friction factor
Niazkar's solution was found to be the most accurate correlation based on a comparative analysis conducted in the literature among 42 different explicit equations
Darcy friction factor formulae
Darcy_friction_factor_formulae
Alphabetical list of scientific disciplines
Branch of physics – study of fluids behaviour at rest and in motion. Fluid statics – Branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at restPages displaying
Index_of_branches_of_science
Argentine-American political scientist (born 1958)
Gerardo L. Munck is a political scientist specializing in comparative politics. He is professor of political science and international relations at the
Gerardo_L._Munck
Scottish philosopher, historian, economist and essayist (1711–1776)
transformation of German theology in the Age of Enlightenment. Hume pioneered a comparative history of religion, tried to explain various rites and traditions as
David_Hume
Price levels at which goods and services must be sold
production prices of products themselves are fundamentally determined by the comparative labour requirements of those products, and therefore are constrained
Prices_of_production
Maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience
Borisovich Gannushkin published his book Manifestations of Psychopathies: Statics, Dynamics, Systematic Aspects, which was one of the first attempts to develop
Personality_disorder
Elimination of the mosquito-borne infectious disease
1007/s004360100374. PMID 11484852. S2CID 36069197. Smith DL, McKenzie FE (2004). "Statics and dynamics of malaria infection in Anopheles mosquitoes". Malaria Journal
Eradication_of_malaria
converge economic criteria, the political opposition in Greece revised the statics for political gains. Koliopoulos & Veremis 2009, p. 163. Koliopoulos &
Economic policies of Andreas Papandreou
Economic_policies_of_Andreas_Papandreou
Apparent force in a rotating reference frame
Gyroscope Kinetics (physics) Reactive centrifugal force Secondary flow Statics Uniform circular motion Whirlpool Frautschi, Steven C.; Olenick, Richard
Coriolis_force
Person with an extensive knowledge of mathematics
integral calculus. He furthered the study of centers of mass and mathematical statics. His precise methods had a strong impact on later mathematics and mathematical
Mathematician
US Supreme Court justice from 1902 to 1932
Amendment", Holmes wrote, "does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics", which advocates laissez faire. In a series of opinions surrounding the
Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr.
an interval of 0.002. 3rd century BC: Archimedes develops the field of statics, introducing notions such as the center of gravity, mechanical equilibrium
Timeline of scientific discoveries
Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries
Types of lighting device which burn gas fuel
flammable liquid. He reported his results in the first volume of his Vegetable Statics, published in 1726. From the distillation of "one hundred and fifty-eight
Gas_lighting
medieval Europe. The phenomena of statics were studied by using the dynamic approach so that two trends – statics and dynamics – turned out to be inter-related
History_of_scientific_method
City in Pennsylvania, United States
UNI 18510. "Allentown School District" at National Center for Education Statics, 2023-24 "Course/Programs". Lehigh Carbon Community College. Archived from
Allentown,_Pennsylvania
American civil engineer, explorer, and early railroad and bridge engineer (1784–1864)
the design of the simple truss bridge,” noting his use of contemporary statics, including the parallelogram of forces and simple-beam theory, in proportioning
Stephen_Harriman_Long
Property of materials with both viscous and elastic characteristics under deformation
ISBN 019512197X. Winters, A.; Öttinger, H. C.; Vermant, J. (2024). "Comparative analysis of fluctuations in viscoelastic stress: A comparison of the
Viscoelasticity
Perpendicular-axis marine propulsion system
Mikko (September 1995). "Do migrant birds have more pointed wings?: a comparative study". Evolutionary Ecology. 9 (5): 520–528. Bibcode:1995EvEco...9.
Cyclorotor
Lower torso of the human body
3109/17453678008990818. PMID 7446021. Levin, Stephen M. (2007). "Hang In There!: The Statics and Dynamics of Pelvic Mechanics". Biotensegrity. Archived from the original
Pelvis
widely considered a form of scientific racism. For example, in his Social Statics (1850), he argued that imperialism had served civilization by clearing
History_of_sociology
Hypothesis regarding European intellectual history
Western science. His work was prompted by his research into the origins of statics in which he encountered the works of medieval mathematicians and philosophers
Continuity_thesis
Theory advanced by social scientists to explain facts about the social world
reproduced through the choices of individuals? Synchrony and diachrony (or statics and dynamics) within social theory are terms that refer to a distinction
Sociological_theory
travel, tourism, insurance
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COMPARATIVE STATICS
COMPARATIVE STATICS
COMPARATIVE STATICS
COMPARATIVE STATICS
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