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Possible truths which are not necessary
In logic, contingency is the feature of a statement making it neither necessary nor impossible. Contingency is a fundamental concept of modal logic. Modal
Contingency_(philosophy)
Topics referred to by the same term
up contingency or contingent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Contingency or Contingent may refer to: Contingency (philosophy), in philosophy and
Contingency
Philosophical or theological concept
signifies something that transcends all forms of limitation, relativity, and contingency. The term "absolute" is derived from the Latin word absolutus, meaning
Absolute_(philosophy)
Terms to describe a conditional relationship between two statements
consequent Biological tests of necessity and sufficiency Causality Contingency (philosophy) Closed concept Denying the antecedent If and only if Material
Necessity_and_sufficiency
1989 book by Richard Rorty
Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity is a 1989 book by the American philosopher Richard Rorty, based on two sets of lectures he gave at University College
Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity
Contingency,_Irony,_and_Solidarity
Estimation in cost engineering
engineering and poor philosophy to make second-rate estimates and then try to satisfy them by using a large contingency account. The contingency allowance is
Cost_contingency
American philosopher (1931–2007)
most influential books are Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979), Consequences of Pragmatism (1982), and Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (1989)
Richard_Rorty
Property of a statement that can be logically contradicted
standards. Black swan theory – Theory of response to surprise events Contingency (philosophy) – Possible truths which are not necessary Defeasible reasoning –
Falsifiability
Argument for the existence of God
In philosophy of religion, a cosmological argument is an argument for the existence of God based on observational statements concerning the universe and
Cosmological_argument
Doctoral thesis of Karl Marx
thesis is a comparative study on atomism of Democritus and Epicurus on contingency and dedicated to Marx's friend, mentor, and future father-in-law, Ludwig
The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature
The_Difference_Between_the_Democritean_and_Epicurean_Philosophy_of_Nature
Philosophical concept with multiple meanings
In philosophy, facticity (French: facticité, German: Faktizität) has multiple meanings — from "factuality" and "contingency" to the intractable conditions
Facticity
Philosophical attribute
body and blood. In modern philosophy, an accident (or accidental property) is the union of two concepts: property and contingency. Non-essentialism argues
Accident_(philosophy)
German philosopher (1724–1804)
the philosophy of religion have made him one of the most influential and highly discussed figures in modern Western philosophy. Kant's philosophy is centered
Immanuel_Kant
– Archaeology, philosophy of – Aristotelianism – Arithmetic, philosophy of – Artificial intelligence, philosophy of – Art, philosophy of – Asceticism
List_of_philosophies
German philosopher (1770–1831)
Western philosophy extends across a wide range of topics—from metaphysical issues in epistemology and ontology, to political philosophy, to philosophy of art
Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel
Philosophical tradition in Muslim culture
Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as
Islamic_philosophy
Movement in contemporary Continental-inspired philosophy
Journal of Philosophy. 25 (3): 808–832. doi:10.1111/ejop.12159. ISSN 0966-8373. Hui, Yuk (2019). Recursivity and Contingency. Media Philosophy. London Lanham
Speculative_realism
1988 book by Barbara Herrnstein Smith
Self-Contradiction". Philosophy and Rhetoric. 30 (4): 376–394. JSTOR 40237966. Knight, Christopher J. (1987). "Smith, Stein, Picasso—and the Contingency of Value"
Contingencies_of_Value
Hong Kong philosopher
on Chinese philosophy of technology has contributed to discourse around sinofuturism. Hui's third monograph, Recursivity and Contingency (2019), is a
Yuk_Hui
Japanese philosopher
was elevated to professor of philosophy in March 1934 (Shōwa 10). The next year, he published The Problem of Contingency, also known as The Problem of
Shūzō_Kuki
Philosophy dealing with absurdity of existence
many disciplines outside of philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature, and psychology. Existentialist philosophy encompasses a range of perspectives
Existentialism
British philosopher (born 1965)
Does Not Have to Be Like This (On Meillassoux and Contingency) from the Forum for European Philosophy at Manchester Metropolitan University, September
Ray_Brassier
Area of philosophy
analytical approach from within. Postanalytic philosophers emphasize the contingency of human thought, convention, utility, social progress, and are generally
Postanalytic_philosophy
Philosophical movement
that reason depends upon language, which always introduces historical contingencies. 20th-century proponents include Léon Brunschvicg and Charles Bernard
Critical_philosophy
German philosopher (1874–1945)
28, 1874 – April 13, 1945) was a German philosopher and historian of philosophy. Trained within the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism, he initially followed
Ernst_Cassirer
Branch of philosophy
concerning philosophy. The field involves many other branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, aesthetics, philosophy of language
Philosophy_of_religion
Postmodernist philosophical concept
entails a sustained awareness of the contingency of language, the contingency of selfhood, and the contingency of community. These three themes correspond
Ironism
Metaphysical question
have a cause) or a contingent explanation (as the factors giving the contingency must pre-exist), and that if there is an answer, it must be something
Why_is_there_anything_at_all?
Belief that natural wholes are similar to machines
Osler (7 June 2004). Divine Will and the Mechanical Philosophy: Gassendi and Descartes on Contingency and Necessity in the Created World. Cambridge University
Mechanism_(philosophy)
How one process influences another
language of scientific causal notation. In English studies of Aristotelian philosophy, the word "cause" is used as a specialized technical term, the translation
Causality
Systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals
individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling
Behaviorism
Historical technique in philosophy
In philosophy, genealogy is a historical technique in which one questions the commonly understood emergence of various philosophical and social beliefs
Genealogy_(philosophy)
French philosopher and mathematician (1596–1650)
mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science during the Renaissance era. Mathematics was paramount to his
René_Descartes
Study of the nature of deities and religious beliefs
test, critique, defend or promote any myriad of religious topics. As in philosophy of ethics and case law, arguments often assume the existence of previously
Theology
South African philosopher
Association. Biko: Philosophy, Identity and Liberation (2017) Looking Through Philosophy in Black: Memoirs (2018) Sartre on Contingency: Antiblack Racism
Mabogo_P._More
Traditions of human transformation aided by religious experiences
exclusively to the religious realm, separating religion and "natural philosophy" as two distinct approaches to the discovery of the hidden meaning of
Mysticism
Faculty that selects among a being's desires
Will, within philosophy, is a faculty of the mind. Will is important as one of the parts of the mind, along with reason and understanding. It is considered
Will_(philosophy)
Philosophical movement
by understanding the historical development of thought, philosophy could remove the contingency of its own historical standpoint and arrive at an absolute
German_idealism
Philosophical study of history and its discipline
Voltaire. In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between the speculative philosophy of history and the critical philosophy of history, now referred
Philosophy_of_history
Persian polymath, physician and philosopher (c. 980–1037)
ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which
Avicenna
Ability to make choices voluntarily
"What is freedom?". On the Freedom of the Will. Hence the notion of contingency appeared as the very opposition of necessity, so that wherever a thing
Free_will
This is a list of some of the major problems in philosophy. A counterfactual statement is a conditional statement with a false antecedent. For example
List of philosophical problems
List_of_philosophical_problems
French philosopher (1930–2004)
July 1930 – 9 October 2004) was a French philosopher. He developed the philosophy of deconstruction, which he applied in some of his texts, and which he
Jacques_Derrida
8th-century Indian Vedic scholar
of the four quarters) across the Indian subcontinent to propagate his philosophy, defeating his opponents in theological debates. These hagiographies also
Adi_Shankara
German philosopher (1844–1900)
writer who started his career as a classical philologist and turned to philosophy early in his academic career. In 1869, at age 24, he was appointed Professor
Friedrich_Nietzsche
Philosophy of science and nature
Dialectical materialism is a philosophy of science and nature, developed in the late 19th century based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Dialectical_materialism
interpretations, as contrasted to a fact (also called a synthetic claim or a contingency), which is only true in this world as it has historically unfolded. A
Theories_of_truth
Pure concept of the understanding in Kantianism
In Immanuel Kant's philosophy, a category (German: Categorie in the original or Kategorie in modern German) is a pure concept of the understanding (Verstand)
Category_(Kant)
This glossary of philosophy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to philosophy and related disciplines, including logic, ethics, and
Glossary_of_philosophy
Protection of citizens from disasters and military attack
management, emergency management, emergency preparedness, contingency planning, civil contingency, civil aid and civil protection. Some countries treat civil
Civil_defense
19th century US philosophical movement
States; it is therefore a key early point in the history of American philosophy. Emphasizing subjective intuition over objective empiricism, its adherents
Transcendentalism
Philosophical thinking inspired by a particular religion
Religious philosophy is philosophical thinking that is influenced and directed as a consequence of teachings from a particular religion. It can be done
Religious_philosophy
Argument for the existence of God
In the philosophy of religion, an ontological argument is a deductive philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support
Ontological_argument
Philosophical system originating from Thomas Aquinas
(1225–1274), a Dominican philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church. In philosophy, Thomas's disputed questions and commentaries on Aristotle are perhaps
Thomism
2000 book by Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau and Slavoj Žižek
Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left is a collaborative book by the political theorists Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau
Contingency, Hegemony, Universality
Contingency,_Hegemony,_Universality
1938 novel by Jean-Paul Sartre
on conventional lines. He ... refused to separate philosophy from literature. In his view, Contingency was no abstract notion, but an actual dimension of
Nausea_(novel)
Australian philosopher
Levy, N. (June 2001). "Strong Hermeneutics: Contingency and Moral Identity". Australasian Journal of Philosophy. 79 (2): 296–297. doi:10.1080/713659206.
Nicholas_H._Smith
State of being real
2023. Shūzō, Kuki (2011). "Contingency". In Heisig, James W.; Kasulis, Thomas P.; Maraldo, John C. (eds.). Japanese Philosophy: A Sourcebook. University
Existence
In religion and philosophy, immaterial essence of a living being
In religion and philosophy, the soul is the immaterial aspect or essence of a living being. It is typically believed to be immortal and to exist apart
Soul
Philosophical argument for the existence of God
"among the most sophisticated and well-argued in contemporary theological philosophy". The most prominent form of the Kalam cosmological argument, as defended
Kalam_cosmological_argument
from the University of Toronto in 1970, with a dissertation titled "Contingency: Its Foundation in Hegel’s Logic of Becoming," under the supervision
George_di_Giovanni
Ancient Greek philosopher (fl. c. 500 BC)
then part of the Persian Empire. He exerts a wide influence on Western philosophy, both ancient and modern, through the works of such authors as Plato,
Heraclitus
Philosophical question
The existence of God is a subject of debate in the philosophy of religion and theology. A wide variety of arguments for and against the existence of God
Existence_of_God
Doubt about God's existence
attitude that suspends judgment, withholding both belief and disbelief. In philosophy, agnosticism is often treated as a general claim stating that God's existence
Agnosticism
German polymath (1646–1716)
prominent figure in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He wrote works on philosophy, theology, ethics, politics, law, history
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
German philosopher and anthropologist (1804–1872)
and sensualism. His thought served as a critical bridge between the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and that of Karl Marx. The son of a distinguished
Ludwig_Feuerbach
That which makes or defines an entity
uses for different thinkers and in different contexts. It is used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property or set of properties or
Essence
Spanish academic (born 1970)
meta-conceptuality, contingency, and worlding. He views the opposition between Openness and Closure as the core problem of today's philosophy, in which Closure
Carlos_Andrés_Segovia
Danish theologian and philosopher (1813–1855)
interviews. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-18036-8. Rorty, Richard (1989). Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36781-6
Søren_Kierkegaard
Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic
Early_Islamic_philosophy
Way of describing the divine by explaining what God is not
Unsagbarkeitstopos). According to philosophy professor Michael Fagenblat, "negative theology is as old as philosophy itself": elements of the idea can
Apophatic_theology
Class of religious beliefs
by Chinese folk religions influenced by, Mohist, Confucian and Taoist philosophy, referring to the divine order of nature or the Wuxing. The Shang dynasty's
Animism
1979 book by Richard Rorty
Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature is a 1979 book by the American philosopher Richard Rorty, in which the author attempts to dissolve modern philosophical
Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature
Philosophy_and_the_Mirror_of_Nature
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
doctoral degree in philosophy from the University of Jena in 1841. He became involved in radical journalism and was influenced by the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm
Karl_Marx
Belief that God and reality are identical
East, Advaita Vedanta, a school of Hindu philosophy is thought to be similar to pantheism in Western philosophy. The early Taoism of Laozi and Zhuangzi
Pantheism
Ideas of 19th-century Danish philosopher
Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy has been a major influence in the development of 20th century philosophy, especially Existentialism and Postmodernism.
Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard
Philosophy_of_Søren_Kierkegaard
Aquinas's arguments that there is a real God
"first mover"; the argument from universal causation; the argument from contingency; the argument from degree; the argument from final cause or ends ("teleological
Five_Ways_(Aquinas)
Something that is simultaneously a whole and a part
self-reliant units that possess a degree of independence and can handle contingencies without asking higher authorities for instructions (i.e., they have
Holon_(philosophy)
Slovenian philosopher (born 1949)
professor of philosophy and psychoanalysis at the European Graduate School and senior researcher at the Institute for Sociology and Philosophy at the University
Slavoj_Žižek
French philosopher and writer (1913–1960)
"That which is meaningless. Thus man's existence is absurd because his contingency finds no external justification". The Absurd is created because man,
Albert_Camus
Work by Baruch Spinoza
metaphysical topics (including essence, existence, idea, potential, necessity, contingency, duration, and time) while furtively interpolating some of his own. Unlike
Principia philosophiae cartesianae
Principia_philosophiae_cartesianae
Italian philosopher (born 1942)
Bartleby, la formula della creazione (1993, contains Bartleby, or the Contingency, an essay included in Potentialities, (1999). ISBN 0-8047-3278-7 and
Giorgio_Agamben
Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher (1795–1881)
extensive writing on the German Romanticism school of literature and philosophy. These themes were explored in his first major work, a semi-autobiographical
Thomas_Carlyle
Belief in a god based on rational thought
intellectual and spiritual movements, like Unitarianism, and Deistic philosophy continues to have some advocates in the contemporary era. Deistic thinking
Deism
Philosophical problem-solving principle
In philosophy, Occam's razor (also spelled Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: novacula Occami) is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching
Occam's_razor
Austrian-German philosopher (1859–1938)
idealist philosophy. Husserl's thought profoundly influenced 20th-century philosophy, and he remains a notable figure in contemporary philosophy and beyond
Edmund_Husserl
1956 and 1980 volumes by Günther Anders
of Freiburg. "From The Outdatedness of Human Beings to and Ethics of Contingency, Guenther Anders as a Thinker of the Present." Symposium. Waldhof Akademie
The Outdatedness of Human Beings
The_Outdatedness_of_Human_Beings
Form of pantheism
Nature. The phrase has often been associated with the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. In philosophy, the term frequently denotes the view that everything
Naturalistic_pantheism
Axiom that has everything has a reason
generally regarded as not requiring a cause, since causation presupposes contingency, though they may still be said to have a sufficient reason or explanation
Principle of sufficient reason
Principle_of_sufficient_reason
Critical investigation of a text
interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical
Exegesis
Fundamental philosophical abstraction; the recognition of difference
Some relevant distinctions to the history of Western philosophy include: Necessity and contingency Inductive and Deductive While there are anticipation
Distinction_(philosophy)
Range of related ideas and movements that have developed in the Western world
rationalism. It has influenced, or contributed to, various forms of Western philosophy, mysticism, religion, science, pseudoscience, art, literature, and music
Western_esotericism
English philosopher and logician (1872–1970)
various areas of analytic philosophy. He was one of the early 20th century's prominent logicians and a founder of analytic philosophy, along with his predecessor
Bertrand_Russell
American philosopher and academic
is an American philosopher who is a professor of philosophy and chair of the Department of Philosophy at New York University. She specializes in metaethics
Sharon_Street
Table layout for visualizing performance; also called an error matrix
classifications of visual (and later auditory) stimuli. It is a special kind of contingency table, with two dimensions ("actual" and "predicted"), and identical
Confusion_matrix
Concept by Gilles Deleuze
"refuses to see deviations, redundancies, destructions, cruelties or contingency as accidents that befall or lie outside life; life and death [are] aspects
Plane_of_immanence
Extinct genus of primitive chordates
Zachary D. (2016). "A case study in evolutionary contingency". Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 58: 82–92. doi:10
Pikaia
Concept of philosophy and logic used to express modal claims
the Tahâfut al-Falâsifa: Al-Ghazâlî on Creation and Contingency", Journal of the History of Philosophy, 38 (4): 479–502, doi:10.1353/hph.2005.0033, S2CID 170995877
Possible_world
Awareness of internal and external existence
animals like pigs have been shown to find food by looking into the mirror. Contingency awareness is another such approach, which is basically the conscious
Consciousness
Philosophical term
more of his premises. Strategies that deny #1 have been called the "contingency defense". Deniers of #1 say that the facts that determine the composition
Gunk_(mereology)
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
Boy/Male
Hindu
Embodiment of philosophy of life
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Indian
Sri shankaracharya, Founder of Adwaitha philosophy
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vedantasarea | வேதாஂதஅஸாரேஂ
Embodiment of philosophy of life
Vedantasarea | வேதாஂதஅஸாரேஂ
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
Aadishankar | ஆதிஷஂகர
Sri shankaracharya, Founder of Adwaitha philosophy
Aadishankar | ஆதிஷஂகர
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Sikh
Philosophy, Extensive reflection, Contemplation
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
A Book of Philosophy
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vedhanth | வேதாநà¯à®¤
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Decent honest and modest
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Lord Vishnu
Female
Dutch
, home ruler.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
High; Lotus
Girl/Female
Indian
Kindness, Goddess
Girl/Female
Tamil
Splendor, Luster, Glow, Light
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, French, Muslim
Right Guidance; Variant of Huda
Girl/Female
Hebrew American English German
From the tower.
Boy/Male
Hindu
One who adorns peacock feathers
Boy/Male
English Irish
Hill hollow.
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
CONTINGENCY PHILOSOPHY
a.
Constituting an object of expectation; contingent.
n.
An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something future; a contingency.
n.
The quality or state of being contingent or casual; the possibility of coming to pass.
n.
Self-restraint; self-command.
n.
That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may not happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate.
a.
Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; as, the success of his undertaking is contingent upon events which he can not control.
a.
Depending on some uncertain contingency; as, an aleatory contract.
a.
Dependent on events; contingent.
n.
The restraint which a person imposes upon his desires and passions; the act or power of refraining from indulgence of the sexual appetite, esp. from unlawful indulgence; sometimes, moderation in sexual indulgence.
n.
An adjunct or accessory.
n.
Uninterrupted course; continuity.
n.
A certain possible event that may or may not happen, by which, when happening, some particular title may be affected.
n.
An event which may or may not occur; that which is possible or probable; a fortuitous event; a chance.
adv.
In a contingent manner; without design or foresight; accidentally.
n.
See Contingency.
n.
Union or connection; the state of touching or contact.
pl.
of Contingency
n.
That which comes without design or without being foreseen; contingency.
a.
Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur; as, a contingent estate.
n.
Alt. of Continency