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This is a list of some of the major problems in philosophy. A statement is a conditional statement with a false antecedent. For example, the statement
List of philosophical problems
List_of_philosophical_problems
science List of unsolved problems in information theory List of philosophical problems List of unsolved deaths Cold case List of ciphertexts List of hypothetical
Lists_of_problems
The following is a list of philosophies, schools of thought and philosophical movements. Contents Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
List_of_philosophies
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z List of philosophical concepts contains a listing of all major ideas across major philosophical traditions. A priori and a
List of philosophical concepts
List_of_philosophical_concepts
Contemporary movement in practical philosophy
philosophical understanding of their lives, social problems, or even mental problems. In the last case, philosophical counseling might be in lieu of,
Philosophical_counseling
Philosophical question
philosophy of religion, the problem of evil, also known as the problem of suffering, is the philosophical question of how to reconcile the existence of evil
Problem_of_evil
Sortable list of philosophers of pessimism
The following is a list of philosophers who have notably expressed philosophically pessimistic views in their works and contributed to its history. Beiser
List of philosophical pessimists
List_of_philosophical_pessimists
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is
Outline_of_philosophy
long-standing problem, and some lists of unsolved problems, such as the Millennium Prize Problems, receive considerable attention. This list is a composite of notable
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Philosophical problem about why neural processes give rise to inner experience at all
problem, while 29.7% said that it does not exist. There are a number of other potential philosophical problems that are related to the Hard Problem.
Hard_problem_of_consciousness
Epistemological problem
is a problem of the philosophical idea known as solipsism: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other
Problem_of_other_minds
Issue in artificial intelligence and categorical algebra
and Patrick J. Hayes defined this problem in their 1969 article, Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence. In this paper
Frame_problem
Study of the methods of philosophy
only take a negative form in that they try to show how philosophical problems are not real problems at all. Instead, it is aimed to show that false assumptions
Philosophical_methodology
Epistemology of learning from others
without Freedom: The Problem of Epistemic Normativity, Routledge, London. ISBN 0-415-22389-X Shieber, J. (2015), Testimony: A Philosophical Introduction, Routledge
Philosophy_of_testimony
23 mathematical problems stated in 1900
Hilbert's problems are 23 problems in mathematics published by German mathematician David Hilbert in 1900. He intended to rival the master of French mathematics
Hilbert's_problems
Systematic framework for addressing philosophical questions
A philosophical theory is a view that attempts to explain or account for a particular problem in philosophy.[citation needed] The use of the term "theory"
Philosophical_theory
Study of general and fundamental questions
portal List of important publications in philosophy List of philosophical problems List of philosophy awards List of philosophy journals List of years
Philosophy
View that life and existence are of negative value
History of philosophical pessimism – History of a philosophical school List of philosophical pessimists – Sortable list of philosophers of pessimism Misanthropy –
Philosophical_pessimism
is a list of notable unsolved problems in astronomy. Problems may be theoretical or experimental. Theoretical problems result from inability of current
List of unsolved problems in astronomy
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy
Academic journal
addressing philosophical problems. The founding editor-in-chief was James E. Tomberlin, who edited the series from 1987 to 2002. Philosophical Perspectives
Philosophical_Perspectives
This is a bibliography of philosophical pessimism, a philosophical tradition which argues that life is not worth living and that non-existence is preferable
Bibliography of philosophical pessimism
Bibliography_of_philosophical_pessimism
Biological concepts and questions with insufficient resolutions
lists notable unsolved problems in biology. Origin of life. Exactly how, where, and when did life on Earth originate? Which, if any, of the many hypotheses
List of unsolved problems in biology
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology
The following is a list of notable unsolved problems in neuroscience. A problem is considered unsolved if no answer is known or if there is significant
List of unsolved problems in neuroscience
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often in the form of extended
Philosophical_logic
Thought experiment in ethics
five "problems of the trolley problem", namely, 1) rarity, 2) inevitability, 3) safety zone, 4) possibility of becoming a victim, and 5) the lack of perspective
Trolley_problem
identifying problems have delayed statistics far more than difficulties in solving problems." A list of "one or two open problems" (in fact 22 of them) was
List of unsolved problems in statistics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics
Indian philosophers
various philosophical problems, significant among which are the nature of the world (cosmology), the nature of reality (metaphysics), logic, the nature of knowledge
List_of_Indian_philosophers
Various techniques typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition
Philosophical analysis is any of various techniques, typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition, in order to "break down" (i.e. analyze)
Philosophical_analysis
Conceptual issue in the philosophy of mind
causes of intentional actions. The problem divides into several distinct sub-problems, including the problem of causal exclusion, the problem of anomalism
Problem_of_mental_causation
Inability to describe conscious experiences in solely physical or structural terms
Ideasthesia Materialism Mind Mind-body problem New mysterianism Philosophical zombie Philosophy of mind Platonism Problem of other minds Qualia Reductionism
Explanatory_gap
Set of philosophical problems
series of philosophical arguments presented by the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea (c. 490–430 BC), primarily known through the works of Plato,
Zeno's_paradoxes
Open question in philosophy of how abstract minds interact with physical bodies
The mind–body problem is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind and body. It addresses
Mind–body_problem
History of a philosophical school
Philosophical pessimism is a philosophical school that is critical of existence, emphasizing the inherent suffering and futility of life. This perspective
History of philosophical pessimism
History_of_philosophical_pessimism
Journal of Philosophical Investigations Avant: Journal of the Philosophical-Interdisciplinary Vanguard Disputatio Lumen Veritatis Philosophica Problems of Philosophy
List_of_philosophy_journals
Philosophical question about personal identity
description of consciousness. The question may have a number of philosophical implications. Christian List argues that the existence of first-personal
Why_am_I_me?
Philosophical concept
Philosophical realism—usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters—is the view that a certain kind of thing
Philosophical_realism
German philosopher
Johannes von Ditmarkhausen, urging the restoration of the school, emphasizing the importance of philosophical education, and requesting financial support due
Rudolph_Goclenius
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
In the theory of computational complexity, the travelling salesman problem (TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances
Travelling_salesman_problem
Statement of infinite regress
Locke introduces the story as a trope referring to the problem of induction in philosophical debate. Locke compares one who would say that properties
Turtles_all_the_way_down
Problem solving method
or even a philosophical debate; it is the process itself that assumes the name. The key element to applying Ariadne's thread to a problem is the creation
Ariadne's_thread_(logic)
Peer-reviewed academic journal by Springer Nature
analytic philosophy and welcomes papers applying formal techniques to philosophical problems. It was established in 1950 by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars
Philosophical_Studies
2004 single by Jay-Z
April 27, 2004. The chorus of "I got 99 problems, but a bitch ain't one" is taken from the Ice-T song "99 Problems", from the album Home Invasion (1993)
99_Problems
Ethical problem in religion
The problem of Hell is a purported ethical problem in the Abrahamic religions of Christianity and Islam, in which the existence of Hell or Jahannam for
Problem_of_Hell
Czech philosopher (1907–1977)
Freiburg, he was one of the last pupils of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. At Freiburg he also developed a lifelong philosophical friendship with Husserl's
Jan_Patočka
Ancient Greek philosopher (c. 428-347 BC)
philosopher of Classical Athens who is most commonly considered the foundational thinker of the Western philosophical tradition. An innovator of the literary
Plato
Branch of philosophy
methodologies to philosophical problems. The philosophy of information (PI) has evolved from the philosophy of artificial intelligence, logic of information
Philosophy_of_information
1954 book by Brand Blanshard
obscurity of style in philosophical writing is antithetical to the chief aim of philosophy: the elucidation and clarification of our most foundational
On_Philosophical_Style
Philosophical position on the mind-body problem
mysterianism, is a philosophical position proposing that the hard problem of consciousness cannot be resolved by humans. The unresolvable problem is how to explain
New_mysterianism
List of environmental and other issues affecting life on Earth
A global issue is a matter of public concern worldwide. This list of global issues presents the problems or phenomena affecting people around the world
List_of_global_issues
The standard problem of evil found in monotheistic religions does not apply to almost all traditions of Hinduism because it does not posit an omniscient
Problem_of_evil_in_Hinduism
1982 book by Benjamin Hoff
of A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh stories to explain the basic principles of philosophical Taoism. The book was on the New York Times bestseller list for
The_Tao_of_Pooh
English philosopher (1919–2006)
(1905). In philosophical methodology, there are (at least) two important and interrelated features of Strawson's work that are worthy of note. The first
P._F._Strawson
a philosophical claim that for any specific kind of entity it is at least theoretically possible to specify a finite list of characteristics, all of which
Glossary_of_philosophy
Philosophical problem of how to talk about God
human language of goodness. This raises the problem of how (and whether) God can be meaningfully spoken about at all, which causes problems for religious
Problem_of_religious_language
Work by French philosopher Voltaire, first published in 1764
major influence on the Philosophical Dictionary is Voltaire's visit to England, which gave him the opportunity to compare the problems in France with a place
Dictionnaire_philosophique
Global meeting of philosophers
Problems and Prospects Philosophy in Turkey Edited selections of the papers presented at this meeting were published by the Philosophical Society of Turkey
World_Congress_of_Philosophy
American philosopher (1929–2020)
Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy. Thomson was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019. Thomson's main areas of research were
Judith_Jarvis_Thomson
Philosophical study of being
is the philosophical study of being. It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality
Ontology
2020 non-fiction book by Brian Christian
the frequent problems when applying algorithms to real-world problems, describing the book as "a nuanced and captivating exploration of this white-hot
The_Alignment_Problem
Philosophical Problems of Space and Time, 1963/1973 John Stewart Bell, "On the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Paradox", 1964 Rudolf Carnap, Philosophical Foundations
List of publications in philosophy
List_of_publications_in_philosophy
American philosopher
(jointly with Ernest Sosa). (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003), pp. vii, 240. Philosophical Problems: An Annotated Anthology (jointly edited with Ann Baker) (New York:
Laurence_BonJour
Polish philosopher (1861–1938)
His area of study was historical, literary, philosophical and religious problems. He was an initiator of the Slavic Club in Kraków which was active from
Marian_Zdziechowski
Academic journal
bring philosophical ideas and problems to the public attention, and to encourage wider discussion of both traditional and topical philosophical issues
The_Philosopher
On domino tiling after removing two corners
mutilated chessboard problem is an instance of domino tiling of grids and polyominoes, also known as "dimer models", a general class of problems whose study in
Mutilated_chessboard_problem
Philosophy dealing with absurdity of existence
Existentialism is a family of philosophical views and inquiry that explore the human individual's struggle to lead an authentic life despite the apparent
Existentialism
Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)
paper was "Are there philosophical problems?", in which he struck up a position against Wittgenstein's, contending that problems in philosophy are real
Ludwig_Wittgenstein
Philosophy of the Western world
refers to the philosophical thought, traditions, and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture
Western_philosophy
complaint due to what are perceived to be more important problems. First World problems are a subset of this fallacy. Genetic fallacy – a conclusion is suggested
List_of_fallacies
Arrangement of points on a sphere
Thomson's problem is related to the 7th of the eighteen unsolved mathematics problems proposed by the mathematician Steve Smale — "Distribution of points
Thomson_problem
Problem in computer science
that the two problems are the same. There are machines which print but do not halt, and halt but not print. The printing and halting problems address different
Halting_problem
2013 nonfiction book by Pigliucci & Boudry
says, "If the philosophical problem of demarcating science from pseudoscience has a stale reputation, this book is a revitalizing gust of fresh air." Why
Philosophy_of_Pseudoscience
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
applying accepted ways of reasoning. These paradoxes, often called antinomy, point out genuine problems in our understanding of the ideas of truth and description
List_of_paradoxes
Philosophical tradition
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing
Pragmatism
Philosophical aspects and arguments about suicide
(1913–1960) began his philosophical essay The Myth of Sisyphus with the famous line "There is but one truly serious philosophical problem and that is suicide
Philosophy_of_suicide
Contemporary historiography of the Crusades
The list of sources for the Crusades provides those contemporaneous written accounts and other artifacts of the Crusades covering the period from the
List of sources for the Crusades
List_of_sources_for_the_Crusades
partial list of viral videos, including those that are music videos, that have gained rapid attention on the Internet. Like Internet memes, viewership of such
List_of_viral_videos
American philosopher (1930–2025)
The Philosophical Review, 74:47–73. ———— (1967) "God, the Devil, and Gödel", The Monist, 51: 9–33. ———— (1973) "Mathematical Truth", The Journal of Philosophy
Paul_Benacerraf
Philosophical view that consiousness is a ubiquitous feature of reality
inquiries such as the problem of other minds, solipsism, the explanatory gap, philosophical zombies, and Mary's room. These problems have caused Chalmers
Panpsychism
American philosopher (born 1948)
until his retirement in 2023. In 2025, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. Guyer grew up on Long Island, New York, and attended public
Paul_Guyer
This is a list of notable people with a knowledge of six or more languages. Mithridates VI (135–63 BC), King of Pontus. According to Pliny the Elder,
List_of_polyglots
Italian philosopher and artist (1887–1910)
department of letters of the local Istituto di Studi Superiori (1905). He majored in Greek and Latin, and selected for his laurea thesis a philosophical study
Carlo_Michelstaedter
Problems in reconstructing a historical and philosophical image of Socrates
scholarship, the Socratic problem (also called Socratic question) concerns attempts at reconstructing a historical and philosophical image of Socrates based on
Socratic_problem
This chronological list of the popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani"
List_of_popes
American philosopher and graffiti artist
and thus researchers should "take the question to be cluster concept of sub-problems. This response opposes traditional answers that isolate specific perceptual
Brian_Glenney
1952 novel by John Steinbeck
Adam out of it enough for him to name his sons Aaron and Caleb. Lee becomes a good friend and adopted family member and has long philosophical talks with
East_of_Eden_(novel)
Argument for the existence of God
philosophy of religion, an ontological argument is a deductive philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support of the existence
Ontological_argument
Map of most or all of the surface of the Earth
about places that were known in past times, as well as the philosophical and cultural basis of the map, which were often much different from modern cartography
World_map
Yes-or-no question that cannot ever be solved by a computer
various philosophical schools. One of the first problems suspected to be undecidable, in the second sense of the term, was the word problem for groups
Undecidable_problem
Philosophical argument
against naturalism (EAAN) is a philosophical argument asserting a problem with believing both evolution and philosophical naturalism simultaneously. The
Evolutionary argument against naturalism
Evolutionary_argument_against_naturalism
Theory that meanings depend on their role within a larger linguistic context
Since the use of a linguistic expression is only possible if the speaker who uses it understands its meaning, one of the central problems for analytic
Semantic_holism
American philosopher (1927–2021)
which has generated an extensive philosophical literature trying to respond to what would become known as the Gettier problem. Edmund Lee Gettier III was born
Edmund_Gettier
discusses notable unsolved problems in medicine. Many of the problems relate to how drugs work (the so-called mechanism of action), and to diseases with
Unsolved_problems_in_medicine
Visual representation of the structure of an argument
aid understanding of debates. Argument maps are often designed to support deliberation of issues, ideas and arguments in wicked problems. An argument map
Argument_map
Thought experiment about identity over time
applications to the philosophical study of identity over time. Within the contemporary philosophy of mind, it has inspired a variety of proposed solutions
Ship_of_Theseus
Avoidance of the consumption of alcohol
reasons for choosing teetotalism are psychological, health, medical, philosophical, social, political, financial, past alcoholism, or simply preference
Teetotalism
On solvability of Diophantine equations
Hilbert's tenth problem is the tenth on the list of mathematical problems that the German mathematician David Hilbert posed in 1900. It is the challenge
Hilbert's_tenth_problem
Totality of psychological phenomena
nature of consciousness, which is unlike typical physical processes. The hard problem of consciousness contrasts with the "easy problems" of explaining
Mind
Genre of literary prose
genre, present a discussion of moral and philosophical problems between two or more individuals illustrating the application of the Socratic method. The
Socratic_dialogue
Following is a list of some notable students and alumni of Stanford University. Gene D. Block (A.B. 1970), 8th chancellor of University of California, Los
List of Stanford University alumni
List_of_Stanford_University_alumni
American mystery television series
The Residence. The behavior of several birds offer insights into how Detective Cordelia Cupp approaches solving problems. These are the birds mentioned
The_Residence_(TV_series)
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LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
LIST OF-PHILOSOPHICAL-PROBLEMS
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