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Quality of an algorithm being correct with respect to a specification
theoretical computer science, an algorithm is correct with respect to a specification if it behaves as specified. Best explored is functional correctness, which
Correctness (computer science)
Correctness_(computer_science)
Topics referred to by the same term
or Correctness may refer to: What is true Accurate; Error-free Correctness (computer science), in theoretical computer science Political correctness, a
Correctness
1988 paper by E. W. Dijkstra
for correctness. Despite the title, most of the article is on Dijkstra’s attempt to put computer science into a wider perspective within science, teaching
On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computer Science
On_the_Cruelty_of_Really_Teaching_Computer_Science
Study of correct reasoning
the standards of correct reasoning often embody fallacies. Systems of logic are theoretical frameworks for assessing the correctness of arguments. Logic
Logic
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
algorithms Correctness (computer science) — property that an algorithm satisfies its specification Loop invariant — condition used to prove correctness of iterative
Outline_of_algorithms
Study of computation
of computer science Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Included broadly in the sciences, computer science spans
Computer_science
This glossary of computer science is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in computer science, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including
Glossary_of_computer_science
Type of algorithm, produces approximately correct solutions
In mathematical optimization and computer science, heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω eurísko "I find, discover") is a technique designed for problem solving
Heuristic_(computer_science)
Academic discipline
Logic in computer science covers the overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science. The topic can essentially be divided into three
Logic_in_computer_science
Branch of computer science
In computing, compiler correctness is the branch of computer science that deals with trying to show that a compiler behaves according to its language
Compiler_correctness
Approach for designing software
methods, among other uses. Component-based software engineering Correctness (computer science) Defensive programming Fail-fast system Formal methods Hoare
Design_by_contract
computer science awards List of computer science journals List of computer scientists List of Internet pioneers List of pioneers in computer science List
List of pioneers in computer science
List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science
Ability to execute a task in a non-serial manner
In computer science, concurrency refers to the ability of a system to execute multiple tasks through simultaneous execution or time-sharing (context switching)
Concurrency (computer science)
Concurrency_(computer_science)
The philosophy of computer science is concerned with the philosophical questions that arise within the study of computer science. There is still no common
Philosophy of computer science
Philosophy_of_computer_science
American academic event sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League
Computer science is one of several academic events sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). Computer science is designed to test students'
Computer_Science_(UIL)
Concept in computer science
called MSR-type algorithms which have been used widely in fields from computer science to control theory. Bitcoin uses proof of work, a difficulty adjustment
Consensus_(computer_science)
Syntactic entity in a programming language with a determinable value
In computer science, an expression is a syntactic entity in a programming language that may be evaluated to determine its value of a specific semantic
Expression_(computer_science)
Core of a computer operating system
A kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system that always has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel
Kernel_(operating_system)
Synchronization mechanism for enforcing limits on access to a resource
In computer science, a lock or mutex (from mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive that prevents state from being modified or accessed by multiple
Lock_(computer_science)
Software that provides access that hides details
abstractions (computer science) Refinement for the opposite of abstraction in computing Indirection Integer (computer science) Heuristic (computer science) Colburn
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstraction_(computer_science)
Process of analyzing computer program behavior
In computer science, program analysis is the process of analyzing the behavior of computer programs regarding a property such as correctness, robustness
Program_analysis
British computer scientist (1934–2026)
Award (1973) for the paper "Proof of correctness of data representations" Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society (1978) Turing Award for "fundamental
Tony_Hoare
Overview of computer engineering topics
Verification and validation (software) Correctness (computer science) Speech processing Image processing Computer vision Robotics Speech recognition Information
Computer engineering compendium
Computer_engineering_compendium
Family of protocols for solving consensus
In computer science, Paxos is a family of protocols for solving consensus in a network of unreliable or fallible processors. Consensus is the process of
Paxos_(computer_science)
Ability of a computer system to cope with errors during execution
In computer science, robustness is the ability of a computer system to cope with errors during execution and cope with erroneous input. Robustness can
Robustness_(computer_science)
Mathematical proof at least partially generated by computer
into its correctness. However, this approach of using a computer program to prove the output of another program correct does not appeal to computer proof
Computer-assisted_proof
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
A quantum computer is a real or theoretical computer that exploits quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement in an essential way. It is widely
Quantum_computing
Form of automatic memory management
In computer science, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management. The garbage collector attempts to reclaim memory that was allocated
Garbage collection (computer science)
Garbage_collection_(computer_science)
In computer science, a loop variant is a mathematical function defined on the state space of a computer program whose value is monotonically decreased
Loop_variant
State in which members are blocking each other
Readers-writer lock Sleeping barber problem Stalemate Synchronization (computer science) Turn restriction routing Coulouris, George (2012). Distributed Systems
Deadlock_(computer_science)
Using one interface or symbol with regards to multiple different types
1023/A:1010000313106. ISSN 1573-0557. S2CID 14124601. Tucker, Allen B. (2004). Computer Science Handbook (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-1-58488-360-9
Polymorphism (computer science)
Polymorphism_(computer_science)
Method in computer programming of forming higher-level object types
In computer science, object composition and object aggregation are closely related ways to combine objects or data types into more complex ones. In conversation
Object_composition
by Jane Margolis led Carnegie Mellon to try to correct the male-female imbalance in computer science. From the late 1980s until the mid-1990s, Misha
Women_in_computing
Engineering development methodology
balance design robustness with physical constraints. Correct by Construction emphasises correctness at the lowest levels of code and algorithmic design
Correct_by_Construction
Of a function, an additional effect besides returning a value
In computer science, an operation or expression is said to have a side effect if it has any observable effect other than its primary effect of reading
Side effect (computer science)
Side_effect_(computer_science)
Instructions a computer can execute
A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. It is one component of software, which also
Computer_program
Computer science field
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification
Model_checking
Invariants used to prove properties of loops
recursive programs, proving partial correctness of loops with invariants is very similar to proving the correctness of recursive programs via induction
Loop_invariant
Use of functions that call themselves
In computer science, recursion is a method of solving a computational problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same
Recursion_(computer_science)
Topics referred to by the same term
Heuristic may also refer to: Heuristic (computer science), a problem-solving technique that produces approximately correct solutions Heuristic (engineering)
Heuristic_(disambiguation)
Rules to verify computer program correctness
for reasoning rigorously about the correctness of computer programs. It was proposed in 1969 by the British computer scientist and logician Tony Hoare
Hoare_logic
British computer scientist
eldest being Luca Michelotti. He is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Bristol and founder of XMOS Semiconductor, serving
David May (computer scientist)
David_May_(computer_scientist)
Swedish computer scientist (born 1958)
R. John M. Hughes (born 15 July 1958) is a computer scientist and professor in the computer science department at Chalmers University of Technology. In
John Hughes (computer scientist)
John_Hughes_(computer_scientist)
In computer science, program derivation is the derivation of a program from its specification, by mathematical means. To derive a program means to write
Program_derivation
Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming-CP97. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1330. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 222–236. doi:10.1007/BFb0017442
Distributed constraint optimization
Distributed_constraint_optimization
Programming language concept
Retrieved 23 May 2013. Franz Weber (1992). "Getting Class Correctness and System Correctness Equivalent - How to Get Covariance Right". TOOLS 8 (8th conference
Type_variance
Process to create executable computer programs
Reliability: how often the results of a program are correct. This depends on conceptual correctness of algorithms and minimization of programming mistakes
Computer_programming
The Diploma in Computer Science is a diploma offered by several post-secondary institutions: Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science – this University of
Diploma_in_Computer_Science
Attribute of data
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible
Data_type
Concurrent program verification method
In computer science, interference freedom is a technique for proving partial correctness of concurrent programs with shared variables. Hoare logic had
Interference_freedom
Measures to ensure concurrent computing operations generate correct results
performance, but only in cases where application correctness is not harmed. For maintaining correctness in cases of failed (aborted) transactions (which
Concurrency_control
Interactive theorem prover software
In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal
Proof_assistant
Controlled environment used to verify the correctness of a design or model
test bench or testing workbench is an environment used to verify the correctness or soundness of a design or model. The term has its roots[citation needed]
Test_bench
American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1941)
These contributions have resulted in improved correctness, performance, and reliability of computer systems. Lamport was born into a Jewish family in
Leslie_Lamport
Variable that represents an argument to a function
In computer programming, a parameter, or formal argument, is a variable that represents an argument to a function call. A function's signature defines
Parameter (computer programming)
Parameter_(computer_programming)
Mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages
chief aim was "a rigorous standard for proofs about computer programs, including proofs of correctness, equivalence, and termination". Floyd further wrote:
Semantics (programming languages)
Semantics_(programming_languages)
Refinement is a generic term of computer science that encompasses various approaches for producing correct computer programs and simplifying existing
Refinement_(computing)
American annual computer science prize
technical importance to computer science. It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in the field of computer science and is often referred to
Turing_Award
Sequence of operations for a task
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve
Algorithm
American computer scientist (1945–2020)
hardware and software designs. He was the FORE Systems Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Clarke, along with E. Allen Emerson
Edmund_M._Clarke
Concept in computer science, referring to processes, or data
In computer science, synchronization is the task of coordinating multiple processes to join up or handshake at a certain point, in order to reach an agreement
Synchronization (computer science)
Synchronization_(computer_science)
Chinese computer scientist (1943–2026)
1943 – January 25, 2026) was a Chinese computer scientist who was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2002, he became President of Beihang
Li_Wei_(computer_scientist)
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
prove the correctness of crucial software subsystems. Code reviews and unit testing, approaches to make modules more secure where formal correctness proofs
Computer_security
Design principle for computer programming
Separation of concerns (SoC) is a design principle in computer science and software engineering, it holds that a complex problem should be divided into
Separation_of_concerns
British American computer scientist
translator mother. He is currently the T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University. Valiant was awarded
Leslie_Valiant
Mathematical program specifications
Sometimes, the motivation for proving the correctness of a system is not the obvious need for reassurance of the correctness of the system, but a desire to understand
Formal_methods
Process in quantum computing
quantum computers". Physics World. Retrieved 2023-04-01. Conover, Emily (2023-02-22). "Google's quantum computer reached an error-correcting milestone"
Quantum_error_correction
In computer science, algebraic semantics is a formal approach to programming language theory that uses algebraic methods for defining, specifying, and
Algebraic semantics (computer science)
Algebraic_semantics_(computer_science)
American computer scientist
highest distinction in computer science. Liskov is one of the earliest women to have been granted a doctorate in computer science in the United States,
Barbara_Liskov
American computer scientist
Department of Computer Science at Princeton University. Aarti Gupta received her undergraduate degree from IIT Delhi, India and PhD in computer science from Carnegie
Aarti Gupta (computer scientist)
Aarti_Gupta_(computer_scientist)
Subdivisions of science defined by their scope
formal sciences are the branches of science that are concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information
Branches_of_science
with degrees in computer science. His research interests include: algebraic specification and formal software development, correctness of modular systems
Don_Sannella
Programming language
program. Correctness of the final executable with respect to the original specification can then be established by proving the correctness of each of
Extended_ML
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
the term comes from mathematics use, rather than the prior use in computer science. The authors consider this overlap in terminology to be "unfortunate
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the process through which people operate and engage with computer systems. Research in HCI covers the design and the
Human–computer_interaction
19th century proposed mechanical computer
proposed digital mechanical general-purpose computer designed by the English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described
Analytical_engine
Person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic calculators
by separate teams to check the correctness of the results. Since the end of the 20th century, the term "human computer" has also been applied to individuals
Computer_(occupation)
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
producing provably correct compilers. Proving the correctness of a set of small programs often requires less effort than proving the correctness of a larger
Compiler
English computer scientist
University Computing Laboratory (now the Oxford University Department of Computer Science) to study for a Doctorate on CSP, which was awarded in 1989, supervised
Steve Schneider (computer scientist)
Steve_Schneider_(computer_scientist)
Canadian professor of evolutionary psychology (born 1964)
arts journalist. Saad obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics and computer science, an MBA in marketing from McGill University, and a master's degree
Gad_Saad
Changing an expression from one data type to another
In computer science, type conversion, type casting, type coercion, and type juggling are different ways of changing an expression from one data type to
Type_conversion
Concepts in theoretical computer science
{\displaystyle P} terminates in a state satisfying Q {\displaystyle Q} . Total correctness is a conjunction of a safety property and a liveness property: The safety
Safety and liveness properties
Safety_and_liveness_properties
Analysis of computer programs without executing them
In computer science, static program analysis (also known as static analysis or static simulation) is the analysis of computer programs performed without
Static_program_analysis
Logic for proving computer program correctness
semantics is an approach based on mathematical logic for proving the correctness of computer programs. It is closely related to Hoare logic. Axiomatic semantics
Axiomatic_semantics
Indian computer scientist (born 1976)
2002 to 2009. His primary area of research is computer science, and in particular on error-correcting codes. During 2007–2008, he visited the Institute
Venkatesan_Guruswami
AI model that developer a super-human sorting algorithm
functions that estimate the correctness and latency by being trained via supervised learning using the real measured correctness and latency values. AlphaDev
AlphaDev
study of computer history Retrocomputing – Hobbyist use of older computer equipment Timeline of computing List of pioneers in computer science Vacuum-tube
History_of_computing_hardware
American computer scientist (born 1946)
certain properties. Proving correctness of a program is one of the most important problems presented in computer science. Typically in randomized testing
Richard_Lipton
Set of rules describing computer system
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the conceptual design and operational structure of a computer system that define
Computer_architecture
Algorithm whose behavior and output may depend on the run
In computer science and computer programming, a nondeterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors
Nondeterministic_algorithm
American-Dutch computer scientist (born 1944)
the handle AST, is an American-born Dutch computer scientist and retired professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the
Andrew_S._Tanenbaum
Dutch computer scientist (1930–2002)
Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 69. pp. 35–46. doi:10.1007/BFb0014649. ISBN 978-3-540-09251-3. S2CID 26233314. — (1975). "Correctness concerns and
Edsger_W._Dijkstra
American software engineer
software engineer, and the Alan J. Perlis Professor of Computer Science in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, known for her work
Mary Shaw (computer scientist)
Mary_Shaw_(computer_scientist)
Latin phrase referring to computer simulations
In biology and other experimental sciences, an in silico experiment is one performed on a computer or via computer simulation software. The phrase is pseudo-Latin
In_silico
Computer scientist
University of Pennsylvania, where he holds appointments in the Computer and Information Science Department and the Department of Mathematics. Gallier was born
Jean_Gallier
Formally verified C compiler
nationale de la recherche (ANR) and French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA). The compiler is specified, programmed and proven
CompCert
Polish computer scientist
Polish computer scientist. He defended his PhD in mathematical logic in Warsaw, Poland in 1974. His research interests include program correctness and semantics
Krzysztof_R._Apt
Formal language used in computer science
A specification language is a formal language in computer science used during systems analysis, requirements analysis, and systems design to describe a
Specification_language
American mathematician, computer scientist and philosopher
with J S. Moore. Academic Press, New York, 1988. The Correctness Problem in Computer Science, editor, with J S. Moore. Academic Press, London, 1981
Robert_S._Boyer
Proof assistant program
with support tools and an automated theorem prover, developed at the Computer Science Laboratory of SRI International in Menlo Park, California. PVS is based
Prototype_Verification_System
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
Girl/Female
Muslim
To compete with pride
Girl/Female
Hindu
Raga, Taal, Correctness of musical & singing notes
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Compiler of the Vedas
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Raga, Taal, Correctness of musical & singing notes
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
To Compete with Pride
Boy/Male
Tamil
Raga, Taal, Correctness of musical & singing notes
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Male
Chinese
square, in the sense of correctness.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Abu Isa Muhammad Al-tirmidhi; Compiler of the One Collection of Prophet Muhammad
Boy/Male
Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Girl/Female
Tamil
Raga, Taal, Correctness of musical & singing notes
Boy/Male
Hindu
Computer
Male
German
Middle High German byname HEIDEN means "heathen." The composer Josef Haydn's surname was a respelling of this name.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Unattained; Cannot be Competed with
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Boy/Male
Tamil
Computer
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name CHINH means "correctness; righteousness."
Male
Japanese
(義åš, 義弘, 義åš) Japanese name YOSHIHIRO means "vast/extensive/widespread correctness."
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Acclaim
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Loud Meadow
Female
English
 Italian form of Latin Viatrix, BEATRICE means "voyager (through life)."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Sri Hari; Siri
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gault.
Boy/Male
African, Australian, Swahili
Residence
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Hundreds
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Spear maid.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
God of River; Ocean
Girl/Female
Spanish
Present.
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
CORRECTNESS COMPUTER-SCIENCE
imp. & p. p.
of Commute
n.
A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
n.
Compiler.
imp. & p. p.
of Compute
n.
A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; as, a compote of pears.
v. t.
To compute erroneously.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compute
v. i.
To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness.
a.
Propriety; correctness.
imp. & p. p.
of Compete
n.
One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
v. t.
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence, to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares.
v. i.
To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.
v. i.
To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing, position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen compete with one another.
n.
Incorrectness; want of exactness.
n.
One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
n.
The state or quality of being correct; as, the correctness of opinions or of manners; correctness of taste; correctness in writing or speaking; the correctness of a text or copy.
n.
A computer.
n.
The quality of being incorrect; want of conformity to truth or to a standard; inaccuracy; inexactness; as incorrectness may in defect or in redundance.
n.
One who computes.