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Numerical measure of a statistical relationship between variables
A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of linear correlation, meaning a linear function between two variables. The variables may
Correlation_coefficient
Measure of linear correlation
statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), also known as Pearson's r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC), or simply the
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
Nonparametric measure of rank correlation
In statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient or Spearman's ρ is a number ranging from −1 to 1 that indicates how strongly two sets of ranks
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient
Statistic for rank correlation
In statistics, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, commonly referred to as Kendall's τ coefficient (after the Greek letter τ, tau), is a statistic
Kendall rank correlation coefficient
Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient
Statistical relationship
for heating or cooling. There are several correlation coefficients that may be used to measure correlation, often denoted ρ {\displaystyle \rho } or r
Correlation
Statistical measure of association for two binary variables
In statistics, the phi coefficient, also known as the mean square contingency coefficient or Yule coefficient of correlation and commonly denoted by φ
Phi_coefficient
Descriptive statistic
In statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), is a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative
Intraclass_correlation
Statistic comparing ordinal rankings
program? A rank correlation coefficient can measure that relationship, and the measure of significance of the rank correlation coefficient can show whether
Rank_correlation
Correlation coefficient used when one variable is dichotomous
The point biserial correlation coefficient (rpb) is a correlation coefficient used when one variable (e.g. Y) is dichotomous; Y can either be "naturally"
Point-biserial correlation coefficient
Point-biserial_correlation_coefficient
Indicator for how well data points fit a line or curve
are included, R2 is the square of the coefficient of multiple correlation. In both such cases, the coefficient of determination is always smaller than
Coefficient_of_determination
In statistics, a measurement of the agreement between two variables
In statistics, the concordance correlation coefficient measures the agreement between two variables, e.g., to evaluate reproducibility or for inter-rater
Concordance correlation coefficient
Concordance_correlation_coefficient
Correlation of a signal with a time-shifted copy of itself, as a function of shift
normalize the autocovariance function to get a time-dependent Pearson correlation coefficient. However, in other disciplines (e.g. engineering) the normalization
Autocorrelation
Comparison of two distributions
plot correlation coefficient" (PPCC plot) is the correlation coefficient between the paired sample quantiles. The closer the correlation coefficient is
Q–Q_plot
Covariance and correlation
Pearson correlation coefficient. However, in other disciplines (e.g. engineering) the normalization is usually dropped and the terms "cross-correlation" and
Cross-correlation
Statistical concept
In statistics, the coefficient of multiple correlation is a measure of how well a given variable can be predicted using a linear function of a set of
Coefficient of multiple correlation
Coefficient_of_multiple_correlation
Measure of consensus in ratings given by multiple observers
pi and Fleiss' kappa; or inter-rater correlation, concordance correlation coefficient, intra-class correlation, and Krippendorff's alpha. There are several
Inter-rater_reliability
Concept in probability theory and statistics
numerical relationship between two variables of interest, using their correlation coefficient will give misleading results if there is another confounding variable
Partial_correlation
Table that displays the frequency of variables
tetrachoric correlation coefficient but it is only applicable to 2 × 2 tables. Polychoric correlation is an extension of the tetrachoric correlation to tables
Contingency_table
Statistical measure
population distance correlation coefficient is zero if and only if the random vectors are independent. Thus, distance correlation measures both linear
Distance_correlation
Statistical measure of a test's accuracy
true negatives into account, hence measures such as the Matthews correlation coefficient, Informedness or Cohen's kappa may be preferred to assess the performance
F-score
Statistical measure of a dendrogram's faithfulness to the data
especially in biostatistics, cophenetic correlation (more precisely, the cophenetic correlation coefficient) is a measure of how faithfully a dendrogram
Cophenetic_correlation
Measure of dependence between two variables
to real-valued random variables and linear dependence like the correlation coefficient, MI is more general and determines how different the joint distribution
Mutual_information
Statistical transformation
z-transformation) of a Pearson correlation coefficient is its inverse hyperbolic tangent (artanh). When the sample correlation coefficient r is near 1 or -1, its
Fisher_transformation
The probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC) plot is a graphical technique for identifying the shape parameter for a distributional family that
Probability plot correlation coefficient plot
Probability_plot_correlation_coefficient_plot
Table layout for visualizing performance; also called an error matrix
informative metric to evaluate a confusion matrix is the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). Other metrics can be included in a confusion matrix, each
Confusion_matrix
Seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet
the position and nature of the substituents of the benzene ring. Correlation coefficient in meteorology (ρhv) In mathematics to represent: A length coordinate
Rho
Concept in statistical analysis
Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient (also referred to as the Pearson correlation coefficient or correlation coefficient), which is usually denoted
Bivariate_analysis
Detection of tornado debris in weather radar
constants of debris particles, debris balls typically produce a correlation coefficient (ρhv) less than 0.80. Differential reflectivity (ZDR) values associated
Tornado_debris_signature
Concept in mathematical modelling
variation ρ C 2 {\displaystyle \rho _{C}^{2}} equals the squared correlation coefficient R 2 {\displaystyle R^{2}} . Note the strong model assumptions:
Explained_variation
Multiplicative factor in a mathematical expression
v=x_{1}e_{1}+x_{2}e_{2}+\dotsb +x_{n}e_{n}.} Correlation coefficient Degree of a polynomial Monic polynomial Binomial coefficient "ISO 80000-1:2009". International
Coefficient
Rank correlation statistic used for inter-rater agreement
Kendall's W (also known as Kendall's coefficient of concordance) is a non-parametric statistic for rank correlation. It is a normalization of the statistic
Kendall's_W
Four data sets with the same descriptive statistics, yet very different distributions
linear, and the Pearson correlation coefficient is not relevant. A more general regression and the corresponding coefficient of determination would be
Anscombe's_quartet
Method in statistics
Z=(X,Y)} , and let T ( F ) {\displaystyle T(F)} be the Pearson correlation coefficient T ( F ) = ρ = E [ X Y ] − E [ X ] E [ Y ] Var ( X ) Var
Delta_method
Statistical test
based. In principle, any correlation coefficient could be used, but normally the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is used. In contrast to
Mantel_test
Quantitative measurement of accuracy
classifier. As a correlation coefficient, the Matthews correlation coefficient is the geometric mean of the regression coefficients of the problem and
Evaluation of binary classifiers
Evaluation_of_binary_classifiers
Measure of the joint variability
necessarily have the same units. In those situations, we use the correlation coefficient, which normalizes the covariance to a value between -1 and 1 by
Covariance
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
recall), or the Matthews correlation coefficient, which is a geometric mean of the chance-corrected variants: the regression coefficients Informedness (DeltaP')
Precision_and_recall
Statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon
value. Examples of effect sizes include the correlation between two variables, the regression coefficient in a regression, the mean difference, the standardised
Effect_size
abundance curve Rank correlation mainly links to two following Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient Rank product Rank-size
List_of_statistics_articles
Mathematical diagram
and observed behavior in terms of three statistics: the Pearson correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) error, and the standard deviation
Taylor_diagram
statistics, the RV coefficient is a multivariate generalization of the squared Pearson correlation coefficient (because the RV coefficient takes values between
RV_coefficient
Relative measure of dispersion expressed as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean
and alternative measures such as the intraclass correlation coefficient are recommended. The coefficient of variation fulfills the requirements for a measure
Coefficient_of_variation
here is the same as that of the intraclass correlation coefficient, whose value is the square of the correlation ratio. This term is not widely used. Suppose
Correlation_ratio
Similarity measure for number sequences
the centered cosine similarity and is equivalent to the Pearson correlation coefficient. For an example of centering, if A = [ A 1 , A 2 ] T , then A
Cosine_similarity
Mathematical image techniques
simply maximize the correlation coefficient. An iterative approach can also be used to maximize the interpolated correlation coefficient by using non-linear
Digital image correlation and tracking
Digital_image_correlation_and_tracking
Quantity relating heat flux and temperature difference
applicable. Therefore, many correlations were developed by various authors to estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient in various cases including
Heat_transfer_coefficient
The biserial correlation coefficient is a measure of association between a continuous variable and a binary (dichotomous) variable. It is used when the
Biserial_correlation
Statistical measure of inter-rater agreement
especially when reliability is absent. Correlation and association coefficients. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient rij, for example, measures deviations
Krippendorff's_alpha
three-dimensional data, the Fourier shell correlation (FSC) measures the normalised cross-correlation coefficient between two 3-dimensional volumes over
Fourier_shell_correlation
Measure of association
The tetrachoric correlation coefficient is a measure of association between two dichotomous variables. It is based on the assumption that the observed
Tetrachoric_correlation
Utrasound technique
perturbations, we used the correlation coefficient. We consider a time window centered at time t and of 2T width. The correlation coefficient is given by: C C (
Coda_wave_interferometry
English psychologist (1863–1945)
statistics, as a pioneer of factor analysis, and for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. He also did seminal work on models for human intelligence, including
Charles_Spearman
Index that describes the performance of a dichotomous diagnostic test
causation;, while correlation and kappa evaluate bidirectionally. Matthews correlation coefficient is the geometric mean of the regression coefficient of the dichotomous
Youden's_J_statistic
Statistic measuring inter-rater agreement for categorical items
Cohen's kappa coefficient (symbol κ, lowercase Greek kappa) is a statistic used to measure inter-rater reliability for qualitative or categorical data
Cohen's_kappa
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
correlation coefficients are required. They provide a numerical value that reflects the strength of an association. Pearson correlation coefficient is
Biostatistics
Estimates from regression analysis on data with unit variance
regression with orthogonal predictors, the standardized regression coefficient equals the correlation between the independent and dependent variables. A regression
Standardized_coefficient
Study of collection and analysis of data
Chi-squared test Correlation Factor analysis Mann–Whitney U Mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Regression
Statistics
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
from the real class) and their geometric mean is the Matthews correlation coefficient.[citation needed] Whereas ROC AUC varies between 0 and 1 — with
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
In statistics, the interclass correlation (or interclass correlation coefficient) measures the relationship between two variables of different classes
Interclass_correlation
Statistical modeling method
contrast, the marginal effect of xj on y can be assessed using a correlation coefficient or simple linear regression model relating only xj to y; this effect
Linear_regression
Measure of relationship two or more financial variables over time
degree of financial correlations. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is sometimes applied to finance correlations. However, the limitations
Financial_correlation
Type of statistics
variable is measured, a measure of statistical dependence such as a correlation coefficient A common collection of order statistics used as summary statistics
Summary_statistics
Statistical technique
Tetrachoric Correlation Coefficient". Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 30, 213. Drasgow, F. (1986). Polychoric and polyserial correlations. In
Polychoric_correlation
Metric to compare ordering
{\displaystyle K_{d}} ) must not be confused with the Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient ( K c {\displaystyle K_{c}} ) used in statistics. They are related
Kendall_tau_distance
Performance indicator for hydrologic models
-1)^{2}+(\beta -1)^{2}}}} where: r {\textstyle r} is the Pearson correlation coefficient, α {\textstyle \alpha } is a term representing the variability
Kling–Gupta_efficiency
Dimensionality reduction technique
inverse problem, overfitting may occur which may lead to an unstable correlation coefficient. Due to this inverse problem, ρ 1 {\displaystyle \rho _{1}} tends
Functional_correlation
In statistics, scaled correlation is a form of a coefficient of correlation applicable to data that have a temporal component such as time series. It
Scaled_correlation
and V channels returning from successive samples is called the correlation coefficient ( ρ h v {\displaystyle \rho _{hv}} ) and therefore gives an idea
Joint_Polarization_Experiment
Correlation as a function of distance
Correlogram – Chart of correlation statistics Covariance function – Function in probability theory Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient – Measure of linear
Correlation_function
Topics referred to by the same term
statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, or simply correlation coefficient The Lankford coefficient, deformability of rolled sheet metal
R-value
Overall consistency of a measure in statistics and psychometrics
reliability of the test using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient: see also item-total correlation. The key to this method is the development of alternate
Reliability_(statistics)
Linear regression model with a single explanatory variable
y}}{s_{x}^{2}}}=r_{xy}{\frac {s_{y}}{s_{x}}}} where rxy is the sample correlation coefficient between x and y sx and sy are the uncorrected sample standard deviations
Simple_linear_regression
Statistical measure
high predictive value. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Matthews correlation coefficient Krippendorff's alpha Fleiss, J. L. (1971), "Measuring
Fleiss's_kappa
Term in data mining and association rule learning
Chicco D, Jurman G (January 2020). "The advantages of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) over F1 score and accuracy in binary classification evaluation"
Lift_(data_mining)
Statistical hypothesis test
{r{\sqrt {n-2}}}{\sqrt {1-r^{2}}}},} where r is the Pearson correlation coefficient. The tscore, intercept can be determined from the tscore, slope:
Student's_t-test
Measure of prediction's merit in finance
predictive skill of a financial analyst. The information coefficient is close to correlation in that it can be seen to measure the linear relationship
Information_coefficient
Statistical term of data on each of two paired variables
ratio in level of measurement), a scatterplot can be used and a correlation coefficient or regression model can be used to quantify the association. For
Bivariate_data
Topics referred to by the same term
chip carrier Power-line carrier communication Pearson's linear correlation coefficient Private-label credit card This disambiguation page lists articles
PLCC
Spatial correlation measure
Lee's L is a bivariate spatial correlation coefficient which measures the association between two sets of observations made at the same spatial sites
Lee's_L
Statistical method for fitting a line
Maurice Kendall because of its relation to the Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient. Theil–Sen regression has several advantages over Ordinary least
Theil–Sen_estimator
Graph measuring gene relationships
two vectors of numbers. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Mutual Information, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Euclidean distance are the four
Gene_co-expression_network
Data transformation of statistics into rank
Friedman test Kruskal–Wallis test Rank products Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Mann–Whitney U test Wilcoxon signed-rank test Van der Waerden test
Ranking_(statistics)
Sequence of data points over time
as stochastic series Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Data interpreted as a probability distribution
Time_series
Statistical measure of a binary classification
Chicco D, Jurman G (January 2020). "The advantages of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) over F1 score and accuracy in binary classification evaluation"
Sensitivity_and_specificity
Technique for increasing the precision of estimates in Monte Carlo experiments
{\displaystyle \rho _{m,t}={\textrm {Corr}}\left(m,t\right)\,} is the correlation coefficient of m {\displaystyle m} and t {\displaystyle t} . The greater the
Control_variates
British statistician
studied the Correlation coefficient, and computed solutions of complicated multiple integrals, using the distribution of the correlation coefficient. David
Florence_Nightingale_David
Statistical measures of whether a finding is likely to be true
Chicco D, Jurman G (January 2020). "The advantages of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) over F1 score and accuracy in binary classification evaluation"
Positive and negative predictive values
Positive_and_negative_predictive_values
Algorithm to smooth data points
smaller standard deviation of 0.45σ. Correlation now extends over a span of 4 sequential points with correlation coefficients ρ i , i + 1 = 16 19 = 0.84 , ρ
Savitzky–Golay_filter
approach was introduced by Sylvain Costes, who utilized Pearson's correlation coefficient as a tool for setting the thresholds required by M1 and M2 in an
Colocalization
positive association (as in Pearson's correlation coefficient). However, unlike Pearson's correlation coefficient the QCR may be −1 or 1 without the data
Quadrant_count_ratio
Length of a line segment
FID Recommender system Coverage Intra-list similarity Similarity Cosine similarity Euclidean distance Pearson correlation coefficient Confusion matrix
Euclidean_distance
Analytic method in statistics
to include supplementary quantitative variables in MCA by the correlation coefficients between the variables and factors on individuals (a factor on individuals
Factor_analysis_of_mixed_data
two variables. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Abdi, Hervé (2007). "The Kendall Rank Correlation Coefficient" (PDF). In Salkind, Neil (ed.).
Concordant_pair
Statistical bias in linear regressions
also called correlation disattenuation or the disattenuation of correlation. The correction assures that the Pearson correlation coefficient across data
Regression_dilution
Used to assess the predictive power of hydrological models
Based on the Mean Square Error and Their Relationships to the Correlation Coefficient". Monthly Weather Review. 116 (12): 2417–2424. doi:10
Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient
Nash–Sutcliffe_model_efficiency_coefficient
American educator (1885–1960)
used correlation coefficients to show those relationships. Of the 64 countable variables related to reading difficulty, those with correlations of .35
William_S._Gray
Mathematical function for the probability a given outcome occurs in an experiment
involve comparing variances or involving R-squared (the squared correlation coefficient) Beta distribution, for a single probability (real number between
Probability_distribution
Cognitive bias about one's own skill
ISBN 978-0-12-385522-0. Dunning, David; Helzer, Erik G. (2014). "Beyond the Correlation Coefficient in Studies of Self-Assessment Accuracy: Commentary on Zell & Krizan
Dunning–Kruger_effect
Type of financial derivative
{\displaystyle n} securities, the realized correlation is defined as the weighted average of all pairwise correlation coefficients ρ i , j {\displaystyle \rho _{i
Correlation_swap
Topics referred to by the same term
includes the Pearson correlation coefficient as a special case. Correlation may also refer to: Electronic correlation, a description of the interaction
Correlation_(disambiguation)
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CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
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