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Outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant
botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex is
Cortex_(botany)
Topics referred to by the same term
gland Cell cortex, the region of a cell directly underneath the membrane Cortex (hair), the middle layer of a strand of hair Cortex (botany), the outer
Cortex
botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well
Glossary_of_botanical_terms
Botanical fruit with fleshy pericarp, containing one or many seeds
In botany, a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single flower containing one ovary. Berries so defined include grapes, currants, and tomatoes, as
Berry_(botany)
Structural axis of a vascular plant
secondary xylem and secondary phloem, the cortex and epidermis are eventually destroyed. Before the cortex is destroyed, a cork cambium develops there
Plant_stem
submerged aquatic plants. It is usually located between the epidermis and cortex in the root or stem of a plant. Morris, Christopher G.; Academic Press,
Epiblem
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
branched) that function as holdfasts to attach it to its substrate. The cortex (botany) is paraplectenchymatous – a cell arrangement where the hyphae are oriented
Parmelia_(fungus)
Outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants
cells mixed with parenchyma and fibers. The cortex is the primary tissue of stems and roots. In stems the cortex is between the epidermis layer and the phloem
Bark_(botany)
Fruit with apple-like features
In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. Pomes consist of a central 'core' containing
Pome
Stem of woody plants, and main structural component of trees
The structure of bark consists of a primary phloem, secondary phloem, cortex, periderm and a dead outer layer of rhytidome. This is the case for radial
Trunk_(botany)
Layer of cells that covers leaves, flowers, roots of plants
Periderm Hill, J. Ben; Overholts, Lee O; Popp, Henry W. Grove Jr., Alvin R. Botany. A textbook for colleges. Publisher: MacGraw-Hill 1960 "9.3: Plant Tissues"
Epidermis_(botany)
Sharp plant parts used for defense
be quite coarse (for example, rose prickles). They are extensions of the cortex and epidermis. Technically speaking, many plants commonly thought of as
Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles
Category of tissue in plants
"filler" tissue in the soft parts of plants, and is usually present in cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays in primary stem and root. Collenchyma
Ground_tissue
Symbiosis of fungi with algae
filaments of multiple fungus species, along with bacteria embedded in the cortex, or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship. Lichens are the lifeform that
Lichen
Fossilized root structure of extinct tree-like plants
enclosed by the inner and outer cortex. Evidently, the inner cortex and outer cortex is anchored by a hollow middle cortex, and a network of vascular branches
Stigmaria
Genus of plants, source of quinine
therapeutic ingredient used in malarial therapy. The bark was included as Cortex Peruanus in the London Pharmacopoeia in 1677. The "fever tree" was finally
Cinchona
Genus of flowering plants
Coccoris, Patricia (2012) The Curious History of the Bulb Vase. Published by Cortex Design. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hyacinthus (Hyacinthaceae)
Hyacinth
Extinct order of vascular tree-like plants
are their secondary xylem, extensive periderm development, three-zoned cortex, rootlike appendages known as stigmarian rootlets arranged in a spiralling
Lepidodendrales
Type of eukaryotic cell present in green plants
tunica (L1 and L2 layers) that covers the plant shoot apex, whereas the cortex and vascular tissues arise from innermost layer of the shoot apex known
Plant_cell
Subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae
characterized by microscopic foliage leaves. All photosynthesis occurs in shoot cortex cells covered by a persistent epidermis and stomata. Another important characteristic
Cactoideae
Visceral tissue found inside organs of animals
In zoology, it is the tissue that fills the interior of flatworms. In botany, it is some layers in the cross-section of the leaf. The term parenchyma
Parenchyma
Genus of algae
axis of cells surrounded by smaller cells forming a cortex. In most species this a continuous cortex enclosing the axis, in others the cortical cells are
Ceramium
Type of plant tissue involved in cell proliferation
tissue parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells that develop into the cortex and the pith. After the primary growth, lateral meristems develop as secondary
Meristem
Reproductive structures of lichens
structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish
Soredium
Basal organ of a vascular plant
the arrangement of the cells in a root is root hair, epidermis, epiblem, cortex, endodermis, pericycle and, lastly, the vascular tissue in the centre of
Root
Vascular system in cacti
allows the transportation of water and nutrients through the voluminous cortex of the cactus. This system is unique to cacti, and helps to replace the
Cortical_bundle
Term used in botany
Look up terete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Terete is a term in botany used to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle
Terete
inclined towards the horizontal. Pore – Prickle – an extension of the cortex and epidermis that ends with a sharp point. Prostrate – growing flat on
Glossary_of_plant_morphology
Sugar transport tissue in vascular plants
stalk]. Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik (Contributions to Scientific Botany) (in German). 1: 1–156. From p. 9: "Ich will die beiden Partien Dauergewebe
Phloem
Abbreviation in botany: Banks Abbreviation in botany: Barton Abbreviation in botany: Bartram Abbreviation in botany: W.Bartram Abbreviation in botany: Batsch
List_of_biologists
Topics referred to by the same term
furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in various parts of the body Fissure (botany), a split or crack; a line or opening of dehiscence. Fissure (dentistry)
Fissure_(disambiguation)
Embryonic shoot located in the axil of a leaf or branch
stem and petiole of a plant. It arises exogenously from outer layer of cortex of the stem. Axillary buds do not become actively growing shoots on plants
Axillary_bud
Short plant stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases for food storage and water
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants
Bulb
Species of maple tree
root and forms branched, tree-like structures within the cells of the root cortex. The larvae of a number of species of moth use the leaves as a food source
Acer_pseudoplatanus
Central part of a root or stem
the stele lies the endodermis, which is the innermost cell layer of the cortex. The concept of the stele was developed in the late 19th century by French
Stele_(biology)
Extinct genus of vascular plants
indicates the lack of seasonality in Lepidodendron species. The outermost cortex of oldest stems developed into the bark-like lycopodiopsid periderm. The
Lepidodendron
Genus of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae
The outermost layer is the single layered epidermis without stomata. The cortex is differentiated into outer and inner cortical region. The vascular cylinder
Pteris
Thickening in the root endodermis of vascular plants
Casparian strip serves as a boundary layer separating the apoplast of the cortex from the apoplast of the vascular tissue thereby blocking diffusion of material
Casparian_strip
Species of flowering plant
taproot grows deep and spreads horizontally. Its growth is rapid, with a tan cortex, white pulp, and a moderate number of rootlets. Transversely cut root slices
Phytolacca_americana
Symbiotic relationship between orchids and some fungi
symbiosis, the fungus develops structures called pelotons within the root cortex of the orchid. Many adult orchids retain their fungal symbionts throughout
Orchid_mycorrhiza
Form of lichen
The internal structure of a fruticose lichen branch has a dense outer cortex, a thin algal layer, a medulla and a hollow center or a dense central cord
Fruticose_lichen
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
Cross-section of a flax plant stem with several layers of different tissue types: Pith Protoxylem Xylem Phloem Sclerenchyma (bast fiber) Cortex Epidermis
Tissue_(biology)
be outdated? Liu, K.-C. et al. 1977. "Studies on the constituents of the cortex radicis of Acacia confusa." Chemistry (The Chinese Chemical Society, Taiwan)
List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids
List_of_Acacia_species_known_to_contain_psychoactive_alkaloids
that is the outermost covering layer of the peridioles. Cortex: in this article, the cortex refers to the tissue layer comprising the wall of the peridiole
List_of_Cyathus_species
Species of flowering plant
2307/1930533. Henrickson, James (April 1969). "Anatomy of periderm and cortex of Fouquieriaceae" (PDF). Aliso. 7: 97–126. Soule, Jacqueline (2010-08-31)
Fouquieria_splendens
Species of slime mould
carried upon a widespread, silvery, shining hypothallus, purplish black. The cortex at first papillate, however this is a fugacious or transitory phase. The
Brefeldia_maxima
Transverse osmotic pressure within the cells of a root system
of root pressure. The endodermis is a single layer of cells between the cortex and the pericycle. These cells allow water movement until it reaches the
Root_pressure
Family of flowering plants that includes cashew and mango
cashew family species and several species have them located in the primary cortex or the regular bark. Tannin sacs are also widespread among the family. The
Anacardiaceae
Species of lichen
is whitish, which probably a result of the thickness of the thick upper cortex. List of Parmotrema species "Synonymy: Parmotrema albinatum (K.H. Moon,
Parmotrema_albinatum
Storage organ in plants
typical cell structures of any stem, including a pith, vascular zones, and a cortex.[citation needed] The tuber is produced in one growing season and used to
Tuber
Plant that lives for more than two years
In botany, the term perennial (per- + -ennial, "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus
Perennial
Proposed reconstructed word list for the Proto-Indo-European language
; stultus, stolidus "foolish, stupid"; stolō "shoot, branch" > stolon (botany); stolus < AG stólos "navigation; fleet equipment" stéllō "I send; make
Indo-European_vocabulary
Species of lichen-forming fungus
often has a fine layers of hairs, a tomentum, on its lower surface. The cortex, the outer protective layer on the thallus surface, is roughly comparable
Lobaria_pulmonaria
Species of lichen
The margins of the lobes have simple cilia that are up to 1 mm long. The cortex contains atranorin, while the medulla contains protocetraric acid. Occasionally
Parmotrema_zicoi
Species of dwarf mistletoe
and up to 1 centimeter with mature fruit. Shoots emerge from both the cortex and needles of the host plant. Flowers are monoecious, and seed dispersal
Arceuthobium_minutissimum
Species of lichen-forming fungus
weakly fusiform shape. In standard lichen spot tests, the outer layer (cortex) shows no K reaction (K–), while the inner layer (medulla) turns rose to
Montanelia_tominii
Species of slime mold, model organism
relaxation of the membranous outer layer of the tubes enriched with acto-myosin cortex. In stationary plasmodia, tubular contractions are spatially organized across
Physarum_polycephalum
Species of edible alga
wedge-shaped proliferations from the edge. The blade consists of an outer cortex of small cells enclosing a medulla of larger cells up to 0.35 thick. The
Palmaria_palmata
Genus of trees
cortex finalised in the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals Food and Feed at its meeting on 29 May 2015 in view of the approval of Salix spp cortex
Willow
Species of lichen
klementii has simple, cylindrical isidia with a moderate density. The upper cortex measures between 10 and 12 μm in thickness and is composed of relatively
Bulbothrix_klementii
Family of legume flowering plants
relationship. BNF is carried out in nodules that are mainly located in the root cortex, although they are occasionally located in the stem as in Sesbania rostrata
Fabaceae
Fruiting body of a subterranean ascomycete fungus
or sheath on the outer surface of root tips. Hyphae then enter the root cortex intercellularly to form the Hartig net for nutrient exchange. Hyphae can
Truffle
Topics referred to by the same term
nucleic acid purification Cortical column, a group of neurons in the brain cortex Fractionating column, an essential item used in distillation of liquid mixtures
Column_(disambiguation)
Species of foliose lichen
these groups of hyphae push the algal cells towards the upper cortex—rupturing both cortex and epicortex—and exposing the medulla. The size of the pore
Punctelia_constantimontium
Medium-sized mammal native to North America
of the area responsible for sensory perception in the raccoon's cerebral cortex is specialized for the interpretation of tactile impulses, more than in
Raccoon
Species of flowering plant in the St John's wort family
orange-brown, 4-lined when young, soon terete, without corky wrinkles, the cortex is exfoliating in strips, the internodes are 4–6 mm long. The leaves are
Hypericum_terrae-firmae
inaccurate or overstated. The human brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex, does not reach "full maturity" or "full development" at any particular
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Species of lichen
(0–)1(–3)-septate. In standard chemical spot tests the epithecium, excipulum, and upper cortex give positive reactions with K and with N. Waynea giraltiae also has hairy
Waynea_hirsuta
roots", in a well-defined cylinder of cells (ring in cross section) in the cortex of its stems. The fungi fed on the plant's sugars, in exchange for nutrients
Evolutionary history of plants
Evolutionary_history_of_plants
Part of plant root
epidermal cells and create a Hartig net in the first layers of the root cortex. This highly branched structure serves as an interface between the two organisms
Root_hair
Gross morphological classification
covered with a cortex; some, however, lack a lower cortex. The photobiont layer lies just below the upper cortex. Where present, the lower cortex is usually
Lichen_growth_forms
Class of Charophyte green algae
genera these are absent. Where there is a single row of cortical cells the cortex is referred to as diplostichous, where there are two rows of cortical cells
Charophyceae
Group of cells in vascular plants
centre includes the cells at the apices of the histogens of both stele and cortex. Its presence can be deduced from the anatomy of the apex in Zea (Clowes
Quiescent_centre
Species of bolete fungus
a pale pink or wine tint in the stipe apex, then to a blue‑green in the cortex at the base, and ultimately to a patchy steel‑blue. The odour is mild and
Leccinum_vulpinum
Basic unit of life forms
filaments. The outermost part of the cytoskeleton is the cell cortex, or actin cortex, a thin layer of cross-linked actomyosins. Its thickness varies
Cell_(biology)
Process of acquiring new knowledge
Coding of Immediate Early Gene Expression within the Prelimbic Prefrontal Cortex and Is Required for the Consolidation of Associative Fear Memory". J Neurosci
Learning
Indian spice derived from Ferula roots
10 cm (4 in) thick and hollow, with a number of schizogenous ducts in the cortex containing the resinous gum. Flowers are pale greenish yellow produced in
Asafoetida
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
as angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a hormone which acts on the adrenal cortex, causing the release into the blood of the steroid hormone, aldosterone
Homeostasis
Species of lichen-forming fungus
taxon into the genus Ramalina and described it in the London Journal of Botany in 1847 as Ramalina menziesii. In 2024, Scott LaGreca and coauthors stabilised
Ramalina_menziesii
Genus of trees
prescription gel containing birch bark extract (commercial name Episalvan, betulae cortex dry extract (5–10 : 1); extraction solvent: n-heptane 95% (w/w)) was approved
Birch
Family of mostly succulent plants, adapted to dry environments
to allow carbon dioxide to diffuse inwards. The center of the stem, the cortex, developed "chlorenchyma" – a plant tissue made up of relatively unspecialized
Cactus
Clade of flowering plants
OCLC 5161409. Lindley, John (1830). An introduction to the natural system of botany: or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical
Monocotyledon
Psychedelic drug
necessary for the production of DMT, INMT, are expressed in the human cerebral cortex, choroid plexus, and pineal gland, suggesting an endogenous role in the
Dimethyltryptamine
Species of plant
soil. Moisture is stored in the cortex of the roots, which is protected by a thin periderm. Water storage in the cortex enables growth and reproduction
Tephrosia_purpurea
Austrian economist and philosopher (1899–1992)
doctor employed by the municipal health ministry. August was a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich had two brothers, Heinrich
Friedrich_Hayek
Chemical compound found in some species of mushrooms
consistent with the drug's role in affecting prefrontal cortex activity and the role that the prefrontal cortex plays in time perception, but the neurochemical
Psilocybin
Species of alga
moderately encrusted with calcium carbonate. The main axis is corticated, with a cortex consisting of a primary cortical row and a single secondary row between
Chara_vulgaris
Intense feelings of well-being
typically originating in the temporal lobe, but affecting the anterior insular cortex. This euphoria is symptomatic of a rare syndrome called ecstatic seizures
Euphoria
Network of inward-growing hyphae
plant host root, penetrating between plant cells in the root epidermis and cortex in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. This network is the internal component of
Hartig_net
Root vegetable
consists of a pulpy outer cortex (phloem) and an inner core (xylem). High-quality carrots have a large proportion of cortex compared to core. Although
Carrot
Plant disease of bananas
the disease is most noticeable as a dark stain where the stele joins the cortex. As the disease develops, large portions of the xylem turn a reddish-brown
Panama_disease
Plant part
structures found in non-legumes. In this type, cells derived from the root cortex form the infected tissue, and the prenodule becomes part of the mature nodule
Root_nodule
Sex-specific adaptations
matters: cerebral volume influences sex differences in neuroanatomy". Cerebral Cortex. 18 (12): 2920–31. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn052. PMC 2583156. PMID 18440950
Sexual_dimorphism
Species of lichen
irregular; they are abundant and evenly distributed around the margin. The upper cortex is paraplenctenchymatous; this refers to a type of tissue in which the hyphae
Punctelia_colombiana
Ecological interaction between taxa
species of fungi and other micro-organisms embedded in the outer layer or cortex, in a mutualistic relationship. Lichens are able to flourish in harsh environments
Symbiosis
Chemical compound
airbags. It produces extrapyramidal symptoms with necrosis of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. Toxicity may also include hypotension, blindness
Sodium_azide
Fungus-plant symbiotic association
and the Hartig net of hyphae surrounding the plant cells within the root cortex. In some cases the hyphae may also penetrate the plant cells, in which case
Mycorrhiza
Monoamine neurotransmitter
area receive input from a large number of areas, notably from prefrontal cortex, lateral habenula, preoptic area, substantia nigra and amygdala. These neurons
Serotonin
Species of plant
concentration in water the root diameter decreases due to a reduction of the cortex layers of the roots. Seedlings irrigated with high saline water concentration
Strombocarpa_tamarugo
Genus of fungi
ends). All species contain usnic acid as a major secondary chemical in the cortex. Flavopunctelia was originally conceived as a subgenus of Punctelia by Hildur
Flavopunctelia
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CORTEX BOTANY
CORTEX BOTANY
Surname or Lastname
Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese
Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese : from corte ‘court’ (Latin cohors ‘yard’, ‘enclosure’, genitive cohortis), applied as an occupational name for someone who worked at a manorial court or a topographic name for someone who lived in or by one.English : variant spelling of Court.Americanized spelling of Korte.
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Irish
Generous; Hill Hollow; Benevolent; Cheery; Variant of Corey Hill Hollow
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Corey, possibly CORIE means "deep hollow, ravine."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, German, Indian
Transporter of Goods with a Cart; Cart Driver; Carter; Someone who Uses a Cart
Male
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Constantin, COSTEL means "steadfast."
Male
Romanian
Romanian form of Greek Kornelios, CORNEL means "of a horn."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a hornblower or worker in horn, from an agent derivative of Old French corne ‘horn’ (see Corne).English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of hand mills, from an agent derivative of Old English cweorn ‘hand mill’ (see Corn 3).English : topographic name for someone who lived on the corner of two streets or tracks, (Middle English corner, from Old French cornier ‘angle’, ‘corner’).Americanized spelling of German Körner (see Koerner) or Swiss Korner.
Female
Scandinavian
Short form of Scandinavian Dorotea, DORTE means "gift of God."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a horse dealer, Middle English corser.
Boy/Male
Spanish American
Courteous.. The Spanish explorer and adventurer Cortez conquered the Aztec civilization of Mexico...
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Colton, COLTEN means "Cola's settlement."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of cord or string or a nickname for a habitual wearer of decorative ties and ribbons, from the genitive or plural form of Old French corde ‘string’ (see Coard).Variant spelling of German Kordes.French : habitational name from any of several places called Cordes.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Coates, from the dative singular of cote, cott.Americanized spelling of German Koth.
Female
Irish
Irish form of French Corinne, COREEN means "maiden."
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to forename use, CARTER means "carter," someone who uses a cart.
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Gaelic, Irish
Dweller Near a Hollow; Hill Hollow; Variant of Corey Hill Hollow
Male
Norwegian
Danish and Norwegian form of Latin Martinus, MORTEN means "of/like Mars."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name for a cottager (see Cotter 2), or a topographic name for someone who lived in a relatively humble dwelling (from Middle English cotes, plural (or genitive) of cote, cott), or a habitational name from any of the numerous places named with this word, especially Coates in Cambridgeshire and Cotes in Leicestershire.Scottish : variant of Coutts.Americanized spelling of German and Jewish Kotz or German Koths, from a variant of the medieval personal name Godo (see Gottfried).
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to forename use, PORTER means "doorkeeper."
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Courtney, CORTNEY means "short nose."
CORTEX BOTANY
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CORTEX BOTANY
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