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Mechanism creating a concentration gradient
concentrate urine is also present in birds. Countercurrent multiplication is frequently mistaken for countercurrent exchange, a similar but different mechanism
Countercurrent_multiplication
Mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering
towards the loop. Countercurrent multiplication has been found in the kidneys as well as in many other biological organs. Countercurrent exchange and cocurrent
Countercurrent_exchange
Device that performs isotope separation of gases
opposing flows increases the separation by the principle of countercurrent multiplication. In practice, since there are limits to how tall a single centrifuge
Gas_centrifuge
Mammalian hormone released from the pituitary gland
absorption across the ascending loop of Henle. This adds to the countercurrent multiplication which aids in proper water reabsorption later in the distal
Vasopressin
Organ of the urinary system
which the wastes were extracted is dependent on an elaborate countercurrent multiplication mechanism. This requires several independent nephron characteristics
Kidney
Water channel protein in cell membranes
an inability to concentrate solutes in the kidney medulla by countercurrent multiplication. Aquaporins also play a key role in acquired forms of nephrogenic
Aquaporin
Gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy
diffuses back to the arteries supplying the gas gland via a countercurrent multiplication loop. Thus a very high gas pressure of oxygen can be obtained
Swim_bladder
Regulation of water uptake and loss in pigeons
which is hyperosmotic to the blood, but the loop of Henle uses countercurrent multiplication to become hyperosmotic in the collecting duct. This alternation
Osmoregulation_in_rock_doves
Index of articles on biophysics
Cometabolism Comparative foot morphology Connexon Core (anatomy) Countercurrent multiplication Crenation Crista Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 Cyclic
Index_of_biophysics_articles
American physician and physiologist (1922–1997
kidney's ability to concentrate urine, and for the theory of countercurrent multiplication explaining this ability. In 1967, Gottschalk chaired a U.S.
Carl_W._Gottschalk
Jr. in 1972. Kokko, Juha P.; Rector Jr., Floyd C. (1972). "Countercurrent multiplication system without active transport in inner medulla". Kidney International
Kokko_and_Rector_Model
the species appear to be more closely related than they actually are. countercurrent exchange The crossover of some property, usually heat or some component
Glossary_of_biology
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COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLICATION
COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLICATION
COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLICATION
COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLICATION
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COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLICATION
COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLICATION
COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLICATION
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