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Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere
In geology, a craton ( /ˈkreɪtɒn/ KRAYT-on, /ˈkrætɒn/ KRAT-on, or /ˈkreɪtən/ KRAY-tən; from Ancient Greek κράτος (kratos) 'strength') is an old and stable
Craton
tectonics. The Indian Craton can be divided into five major cratons as such: Aravalli Craton (Marwar-Mewar Craton or Western Indian Craton): Covers Rajasthan
Geography_of_India
Altjawarra Craton (Australia) Aravalli Craton (India) Bastar Craton (India) Bhandara Craton (India) Bundelkhand Craton (India) Dharwar Craton – Part of
List_of_tectonic_plates
Craton forming the geological core of North America
Laurentia or the North American craton is a large continental craton that forms the ancient geological core of North America. Many times in its past, Laurentia
Laurentia
Archaean craton, possibly part of the Vaalbara supercontinent
The Kaapvaal Craton is an Archean cratonic block in southern Africa and one of the world's oldest well-preserved fragments of continental crust. Geochronological
Kaapvaal_Craton
Hypothetical Archaean supercontinent from about 3.6 to 2.7 billion years ago
supercontinent consisting of the Kaapvaal Craton (in present-day eastern South Africa) and the Pilbara Craton (in present-day north-western Western Australia)
Vaalbara
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in Pilbara, Western Australia
▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮ ▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮ ▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮▮ KEY Pilbara Craton subregions: PIL01 - Chichester PIL02 - Fortescue PIL03 - Hamersley PIL04
Pilbara_Craton
African geological area
The Kalahari Craton is a craton, an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, that occupies large portions of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia
Kalahari_Craton
Large craton in Western Australia
The Yilgarn Craton is a large craton that constitutes a major part of the Western Australian land mass. It is bounded by a mixture of sedimentary basins
Yilgarn_Craton
Late Archean supercraton
The Sclavia Craton is a late Archean supercraton thought to be parental to the Slave and Wyoming Cratons in North America, the Dharwar Craton in southern
Sclavia_Craton
Amazonian Craton Guiana Shield Amazonian Shield São Francisco Craton (Congo Craton) Rio Apa Craton Río de la Plata Craton Arequipa–Antofalla Craton São Luís
List_of_shields_and_cratons
Geologic province in South America
The Amazonian Craton is a geologic province in South America. It occupies a large portion of the central, north and eastern part of the continent and represents
Amazonian_Craton
Craton in the west-central United States and western Canada
The Wyoming Craton is a craton in the west-central United States and western Canada – more specifically, in Montana, Wyoming, southern Alberta, southern
Wyoming_Craton
Province of the larger West Australian Shield in central South Australia
The Gawler Craton covers approximately 440,000 square kilometres of central South Australia. Its Precambrian crystalline basement crustal block was cratonised
Gawler_Craton
Block, Mawson Craton) was a continent that may have formed around about 1730 Ma (1,730 million years ago). It included the Gawler craton of southern Australia
Mawson_(continent)
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere in central Tanzania
The Tanzania Craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere in central Tanzania. Some of the rocks are over 3 billion years old. The Tanzania
Tanzania_Craton
Precambrian craton that with four others makes up the modern continent of Africa
The Congo Craton, covered by the Palaeozoic-to-recent Congo Basin, is an ancient Precambrian craton that with four others (the Kaapvaal, Zimbabwe, Tanzania
Congo_Craton
Part of the Indian Shield in south India
The Dharwar Craton is an Archean continental crust craton formed between 3.6 and 2.5 billion years ago (Ga), which is located in southern India and considered
Dharwar_Craton
Continental crustal block in China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea
The North China Craton is a continental crustal block with one of Earth's most complete and complex records of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes
North_China_Craton
Area of ancient rocks in northwest Canada
The Slave craton is an Archaean craton in the north-western Canadian Shield, in Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The Slave Craton includes the 4.03 Ga-old
Slave_Craton
Ancient continent in the Neoarchean era
Archaean cratons, including the Siberian Craton, with its Anabar/Aldan shields in Siberia, and the Slave, Wyoming, Superior, and North Atlantic cratons in North
Arctica
Geologic region in Canada
The Churchill Craton is the northwest section of the Canadian Shield and stretches from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta to northern Nunavut. The Archean
Churchill_Craton
Geology of Europe
The East European Craton (EEC) is the core of the Baltica proto-plate and consists of three crustal regions/segments: Fennoscandia to the northwest, Volgo-Uralia
East_European_Craton
Geographical peninsula in Europe
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula
Fennoscandia
Ancient craton forming the Central Siberian Plateau
Siberia, also known as Siberian Craton, Angaraland (or simply Angara) and Angarida, is an ancient craton in the heart of Siberia. Today forming the Central
Siberia_(continent)
Cratonic rock body which makes up most of the continent Antarctica
The East Antarctic Shield or Craton is a cratonic rock body that covers 10.2 million square kilometers or roughly 73% of the continent of Antarctica. The
East_Antarctic_Shield
Hypothetical Archaean supercontinent from about 3.1 billion years ago
3 Ga. The Kaapvaal craton became stable around 3.1 Ga. The Pilbara Craton is not well defined but formed around 3 Ga. Three cratons in East Antarctica
Ur_(continent)
One of the five Precambrian cratons that make up the African Plate
African Plate, the others being the Kalahari craton, Congo craton, Saharan Metacraton and Tanzania Craton. Cratons themselves are tectonically inactive, but
West_African_Craton
Large crustal block in North America
The Superior Craton is a stable crustal block covering Quebec, Ontario, and southeast Manitoba in Canada, and northern Minnesota in the United States.
Superior_Craton
Area in Southern Africa of ancient continental crust
The Zimbabwe craton is an area in Southern Africa of ancient continental crust, being a part of the ancient continent of Western Gondwana, with rocks dating
Zimbabwe_Craton
Fragment of Earth's crust
The Eastern Block of the North China Craton is one of the Earth's oldest pieces of continent. It is separated from the Western Block by the Trans-North
Eastern Block of the North China Craton
Eastern_Block_of_the_North_China_Craton
Part of the East European Craton
Sarmatian Craton or Sarmatia is the southern segment/region of the East European Craton or Baltica, also known as Scythian Plateau. The craton contains
Sarmatian_Craton
entities reduces as geologists look further back in time. The list includes cratons, supercratons, microcontinents, continents and supercontinents. For the
List_of_paleocontinents
Archaean craton exposed in Greenland, Labrador, and northwestern Scotland
The North Atlantic Craton (NAC) is an Archaean craton exposed in southern West Greenland, the Nain Province in Labrador, and the Lewisian complex in northwestern
North_Atlantic_Craton
Sedimentary basin of the Congo River in Central Africa
designated as protected. The Congo Basin is a large depression within the Congo Craton, making it a patch of relatively recent (Phanerozoic-aged, and mostly Mesozoic
Congo_Basin
Archean craton in northern Canada north of the Superior Craton
The Rae Craton is an Archean craton located in northern Canada, north of the Superior Craton. The Ungava Peninsula, situated on the northeast portion of
Rae_Craton
Second era of the Archean Eon
the Kaapvaal Craton in Southern Africa and the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia. The Dresser Formation is located in the Pilbara Craton, and contains
Paleoarchean
Ancient supercontinent of approximately 2,500 to 1,500 million years ago
Columbia consisted of proto-cratons that made up the cores of the continents of Laurentia, Baltica, Ukrainian Shield, Amazonian Craton, Australia, and possibly
Columbia_(supercontinent)
Hypothetical Neoarchaean supercontinent from about 2.8 billion years ago
Era c. 2.72 billion years ago (2.72 Ga) by the accretion of Neoarchaean cratons and the formation of new continental crust. It comprised what later became
Kenorland
Medium-sized continental block in Uruguay, eastern Argentina and southern Brazil
The Rio de la Plata Craton (RPC) is a medium-sized continental block found in Uruguay, eastern Argentina and southern Brazil. During its complex and protracted
Río_de_la_Plata_Craton
Overview of geology of the Kimberley
(orogeny) and the joining (suturing) of the Kimberley and Northern Australia cratons, followed by sedimentary basin formation. The area formed in a slow tectonic
Geology of the Kimberley (Western Australia)
Geology_of_the_Kimberley_(Western_Australia)
Tectonic plate underlying Africa
years ago. The cratons are from south to north, the Kalahari Craton, Congo Craton, Tanzania Craton and West African Craton. The cratons were widely separated
African_plate
Community founded by escaped slaves
Craton, Testing the Chains (1982), pp. 82–84. Craton (1982), p. 85. Craton (1982), p. 87. Craton (1982), pp. 87–88. Craton (1982), pp. 88–90. Craton (1982)
Jamaican_Maroons
Mountain-building event in North America
(orogeny) that formed the Precambrian Canadian Shield and the North American Craton (also called Laurentia), forging the initial North American continent. It
Trans-Hudson_orogeny
caused extensive melting underneath the Indian Craton. The melting broke through the surface of the craton in a massive flood basalt event, creating the
Geology_of_India
Carton in Western Australia
The Eastern Pilbara Craton is the eastern portion of the Pilbara Craton located in Western Australia. This region contains variably metamorphosed mafic
Eastern_Pilbara_Craton
Craton in northern Canada
The Hearne Craton is a craton in northern Canada which, together with the Rae Craton, forms the Western Churchill Province. Hearne is one of the six Archaean
Hearne_Craton
American activist (1891–1970)
Ann Washington Craton (1891–1970) was a labor activist, social services, worker, and feminist who helped to organize and support low-paid women workers
Ann_Washington_Craton
Precambrian geological formation in northeast South America
Guianas, Escudo das Guianas; Spanish: Escudo guayanés) is one of the three cratons of the South American plate. It is a 1.7 billion-year-old Precambrian geological
Guiana_Shield
Zone of variably metamorphosed rocks occurring in Archaean and Proterozoic cratons
associated sedimentary rocks that occur within Archaean and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies. The name comes from the green hue imparted
Greenstone_belt
Large area of continental crust in the north-central part of Africa
part of Africa. Whereas a craton is an old and stable part of the lithosphere, the term "metacraton" is used to describe a craton that has been remobilized
Saharan_Metacraton
Geographic and geologic area of North America
Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent
Canadian_Shield
Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
Baltica), the Amazonian Craton and the West African Craton; in the south with the Río de la Plata and São Francisco cratons; in the southwest with the
Rodinia
Impact structure in Western Australia
the eroded remnant of an impact crater, situated in the northern Yilgarn craton near Yarrabubba Station between the towns of Sandstone and Meekatharra,
Yarrabubba_impact_structure
South American geology
corresponds to a craton, terrane or block of continental crust. Arequipa-Antofalla collided and amalgamated with the Amazonian craton about 1000 million
Arequipa-Antofalla
Felsic volcanic rocks formed in the Archean Eon
volcanic rocks are only preserved in Archean cratons. A craton is an ancient stable continental block. Also, a craton has survived from plate tectonics that
Archean_felsic_volcanic_rocks
Ancient craton in eastern South America
The São Francisco Craton is an ancient craton in the eastern part of South America. The craton crops out in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Bahia
São_Francisco_Craton
masses or cratons, formed of granite blocks, appear on Earth. Occurrence of initial felsic igneous activity on eastern edge of Antarctic craton as first
Timeline_of_Earth
Impact structure in Western Australia
The Miralga impact structure is an impact structure in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia. With an initially estimated age of around 3.47 billion
Miralga_impact_structure
American classical composer
John Douglas Craton (born August 6, 1953) is an American classical composer. His works have been performed throughout the United States, Europe, and Japan
John_Craton
several stable cratons and sedimentary platforms bounded by orogenic (mountain) belts. European Russia is on the East European craton, at the heart of
Geology_of_Russia
Large tectonic plate including most of North America, Greenland and part of Siberia
called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic
North_American_plate
Indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas
pp. 5, 13–14; Craton 1986, p. 17; Keegan 1992, p. 11. Craton 1986, p. 17; Granberry & Vescelius 2004, p. 46; Keegan 1992, p. 3. Craton 1986, pp. 19–20;
Lucayan_people
order of several billion years for many rocks. The country spans the Congo Craton: a stable section of ancient continental crust, deformed and influenced
Geology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geology_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Jamaican slave-rebellion leader (1801–1832)
Notes". boj.org.jm. Craton 1983, p. 299. Craton 1983, p. 293. Craton 1983, p. 291. Craton 1983, p. 313. Bleby 1853, p. 116. Craton 1983, p. 319–323. "Heroes
Samuel_Sharpe
Majority of lands of the Western Hemisphere
Appalachia Arctica Asiamerica Atlantica Avalonia Baltica Chilenia Cimmeria Congo Craton Cuyania East Antarctica Hudsonia Euramerica Kalaharia Kazakhstania Laramidia
New_World
Continent
blueberry, avocado, cotton, chile pepper, and vanilla. Laurentia is an ancient craton which forms the geologic core of North America; it formed between 1.5 and
North_America
Large geographical region identified by convention
regions called cratons. Cratons have largely been unaffected by mountain-building events (orogenies) since the Precambrian. A craton typically consists
Continent
Part of the North Atlantic Craton in Labrador, Canada
In Labrador, Canada, the North Atlantic Craton is known as the Nain Province. The Nain geologic province was intruded by the Nain Plutonic Suite, which
Nain_Province
Metamorphic rock unit in Canada
basement rocks, gneisses, that form the northwestern edge of the Slave Craton in the Northwest Territories, Canada, about 300 km (190 mi) north of Yellowknife
Acasta_Gneiss
The geology of Brazil includes very ancient craton basement rock from the Precambrian overlain by sedimentary rocks and intruded by igneous activity, as
Geology_of_Brazil
Country in Northern Europe
eastern shores of the Baltic Sea and northwestern part of the East European Craton (EEC), between latitudes 55° and 58° N (a small area is north of 58°), and
Latvia
Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, some geologists use a different
Supercontinent
Fictional island in Plato's works
Appalachia Arctica Asiamerica Atlantica Avalonia Baltica Chilenia Cimmeria Congo Craton Cuyania East Antarctica Hudsonia Euramerica Kalaharia Kazakhstania Laramidia
Atlantis
structure of the People's Republic of China) consists of three Precambrian cratons surrounded by a number of orogenic belts. The modern tectonic environment
Geology_of_China
Landmass corresponding to Afro–Eurasia
Appalachia Arctica Asiamerica Atlantica Avalonia Baltica Chilenia Cimmeria Congo Craton Cuyania East Antarctica Hudsonia Euramerica Kalaharia Kazakhstania Laramidia
Old_World
by having areas located both at the Baltic Shield of the East European Craton and in the Danish-North German-Polish Caledonides. Historical geologists
Geology_of_the_Baltic_Sea
beneath the sea. Europe consists of the following cratons and terranes and microcontinents: the Baltica craton - Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic states, Russia
Geology_of_Europe
West African geological formation
Tuareg Shield is a geological formation lying between the West African craton and the Saharan Metacraton in West Africa. Named after the Tuareg people
Tuareg_Shield
Late-Proterozoic to early-Palaeozoic continent
west of the Ural Mountains. The thick core of Baltica, the East European Craton, is more than three billion years old and formed part of the Rodinia supercontinent
Baltica
Includes rocks over 4 billion years old from the Hadean Eon
the oldest cratons on Earth include the Kaapvaal craton, the Western Gneiss terrane of the Yilgarn craton (~2.9 – >3.2 Ga), the Pilbara Craton (~3.4 Ga)
Oldest_dated_rocks
group of volcanic rocks located on the southern edge of the North China craton (Figure 1). It covers an area of approximately 60,000 km2 and varies from
Xiong'er_Volcanic_Belt
Continent
Sarmatian craton, both around 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the Volgo–Uralia shield, the three together leading to the East European craton (≈ Baltica)
Europe
The geology of Zimbabwe in southern Africa is centered on the Zimbabwe Craton, a core of Archean basement composed in the main of granitoids, schist and
Geology_of_Zimbabwe
Country in Oceania
ones. The area south of the mountainous spine is part of the Australian craton, with much of the land to the north being accreted terrain. Both the mainland
Papua_New_Guinea
Very large-scale lithostratographic sequence
represents a complete cycle of marine transgression and regression on a craton (block of continental crust) over geologic time. They are geologic evidence
Cratonic_sequence
Precambrian Wyoming craton that forms the core of the North American continent. The Wyoming Craton originated as a 100,000 km2 middle Archean craton that was modified
Geology of the Rocky Mountains
Geology_of_the_Rocky_Mountains
Caribbean nation
(Kingston: University of the West Indies Canoe Press, 1994), pp. 180–81. Craton, Michael. Testing the Chains. Cornell University Press, 1982, p. 70. Bilby
Jamaica
480-billion-year-old geyserite uncovered in the Dresser Formation of the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia. Various microfossils of microorganisms have been found
Earliest_known_life_forms
Geological boundary between the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal cratons
Africa and Zimbabwe, runs E-NE, and joins the Kaapvaal craton to the south with the Zimbabwe Craton to the north. The belt is of high-grade metamorphic rocks
Limpopo_Belt
Geological feature
The Indian Shield is part of the Indian Craton and occupies two-thirds of the southern Indian peninsula. The shield has remained relatively stable since
Indian_Shield
Australia, following the collision of the Pilbara Craton and the Glenburgh Terrane with the Yilgarn craton during the Glenburgh orogeny. Spanning one billion
Capricorn_orogeny
Country in Oceania
continental crust was created in three cycles from the oldest Archaean cratons in the west to the younger orogenic formations in the east (built about
Australia
Ancient continent formed during the Proterozoic about 2 billion years ago
2,000 million years ago (two billion years ago, Ga) from various 2 Ga cratons located in what are now West Africa and eastern South America. The name
Atlantica
Geologic description of the Appalachian Mountains
than 1.2 billion years to the Mesoproterozoic era when two continental cratons collided to form the supercontinent Rodinia. The rocks exposed in today's
Geology_of_the_Appalachians
Precambrian "proto-Atlantic" ocean in the Southern Hemisphere
supercontinent c. 780–750 Ma. It separated the Río de la Plata Craton from the Congo Craton. The inversion of the Adamastor Ocean began about 640 Ma with
Adamastor_Ocean
Geological region in Central Asia
on Lake Balkhash, north and east of the Aral Sea, south of the Siberian craton and west of the Altai Mountains. The Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, China, is
Kazakhstania
often separates the types of sedimentary rock found in the Gawler Craton. The Gawler Craton formed more than three billion years ago in the process of felsic
Geology_of_South_Australia
Shield (Leo-Man Shield or Leo-Man Craton) is a geological shield or craton in the southern portion of the West African Craton. The shield is in part overlaid
Man_Shield
Mountain-building event at the intersection of the Congo and Kalahari cratons
Congo and the Kalahari cratons. The Damara orogeny involved the suturing of the Congo–São Francisco and Río de la Plata cratons at 580–550 Ma (together
Damara_orogeny
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