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Prejudice based on linguistic features
Dialect discrimination refers to the unequal treatment of those whose dialect contains linguistic features identifying them with a certain geographical
Dialect_discrimination
Prejudicial treatment based on membership in a certain group
by discrimination that is based on accent, dialect, or cultural differences. Japan's regional discrimination manifests primarily through historical prejudice
Discrimination
Japanese dialect
Chūgoku and Shikoku dialects has the discrimination of grammatical aspect, -yoru in progressive and -toru in perfect. In Kansai, some dialects of southern Hyogo
Kansai_dialect
Literary technique involving nonstandard spelling
Eye dialect is the literary device of using deliberately nonstandard spelling. Typically the purpose of eye dialect is to more phonetically reflect pronunciations
Eye_dialect
Irrational fear of, and aversion to, lesbians
Discrimination against lesbians, sometimes referred as lesbophobia or lesphobia, is a form of homophobia, often paired with misogyny, that comprises various
Discrimination against lesbians
Discrimination_against_lesbians
Variant of American English native to the Appalachian mountain region
region of the Eastern United States. Historically, the term Appalachian dialect refers to a local English variety of southern Appalachia, also known as
Appalachian_English
English dialect
iambic pentameter. The dialect is in danger of assimilation into West Country English, or outright extinction, due to discrimination against speakers, mass
Forest_of_Dean_English
Discrimination on the basis of language of an individual
Russian being de facto such a language. Germany: speakers of dialect often experience discrimination Here and elsewhere the terms 'standard' and 'non-standard'
Linguistic_discrimination
century. There are at least 18 dialects of the language. Standard Georgian is largely based on the prestige Kartlian dialect. It has over centuries wiped
Georgian_dialects
One of the Georgian dialects
The Adjaran dialect is one of the Georgian dialects. It is primarily spoken within the borders of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia, in two villages
Adjaran_dialect
American academic and linguist
Phonetic Experiments on American English Dialect Identification", showing that discrimination can occur based on dialect and that listeners can identify ethnicity
John_Baugh
Northern Ryukyuan language
spoke dialects were forced to stand in the hallway, and papers containing dialect expressions were burned collectively. As the discrimination accelerated
Okinawan_language
Southwestern Tai language
Racial Discrimination. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2016. Phonyarit, Ratchadaporn (2018). Tonal Geography of the Southern Thai Dialects. Paper presented
Southern_Thai_language
Prejudice based on place of origin
prejudice. Regional discrimination there can also be discrimination against person or a group of people who speak a particular language dialect. The hukou household
Regional discrimination in China
Regional_discrimination_in_China
Moribund English dialect of Manitoba, Canada
Bangay, or the Red River Dialect) is a dialect of English with substratal influence from Scottish English, the Orcadian dialect of Scots, Norn, Scottish
Bungi_dialect
Punitive mark used in Japanese education
to promote the Tokyo dialect of Japanese over other Japanese dialects and other Japonic languages. A student who spoke in dialect would be forced to wear
Dialect_card
English sociolects spoken by black people in the US and Canada
English (AAE), or African-American Language (AAL), is the group of English dialects and creoles spoken predominantly by African Americans in the United States
African-American_English
Means by which dialect differences decrease
Dialect levelling (or leveling in American English) is an overall reduction in the variation or diversity of a dialect's features when in contact with
Dialect_levelling
given little protections under the law. The most prominent religious discrimination in Saudi Arabia is against the Shia sect of Islam minority in the eastern
Discrimination in Saudi Arabia
Discrimination_in_Saudi_Arabia
Prejudice, hatred, or bias toward gay men, male homosexuality, or men perceived to be gay
Discrimination against gay men, sometimes called gayphobia, is a form of homophobic prejudice, hatred, or bias specifically directed toward gay men, male
Discrimination against gay men
Discrimination_against_gay_men
Level of respect towards a language variety in a speech community
specific language or dialect within a speech community, relative to other languages or dialects. Prestige varieties are language or dialect families which are
Prestige_(sociolinguistics)
Varieties of English dialects used by the Indigenous peoples of Canada
"non-standard" dialects has been poorly perceived by the non-Aboriginal majority, as evidenced by mockery and discrimination. Some features of the dialects, for
Indigenous_English_in_Canada
topolects as dialects, the varieties of Central Thai itself are downplay and disregarded; however, local Central Thai accent discrimination still occurs
Languages_of_Thailand
Prestige variety of Yue Chinese
Before 1859, this variant was often referred to in English as "the Canton dialect". However, "Cantonese" may also refer to the primary branch of Chinese
Cantonese
Distinctive way of pronouncing a language
pronunciation, whereas the word "dialect" encompasses the broader set of linguistic differences. "Accent" is often a subset of "dialect". As human beings spread
Accent_(sociolinguistics)
Modern Greek language variety spoken by Greek Cypriots
Cypriot populace and Greek Cypriot diaspora. It is considered a divergent dialect as it differs from Standard Modern Greek in various aspects of its lexicon
Cypriot_Greek
dialects in American English. The resulting findings were: Discrimination based on dialect does occur. It is possible for naïve listeners to identify
Linguistic_profiling
Indigenous people of Northern Europe
Norwegianization of and discrimination against the Sámi. On 8 April 2011, recommendations from the UN Racial Discrimination Committee were delivered
Sámi_people
Digital repository of Early Middle English texts
maintained because of scribal familiarity, pose additional problems for dialectal discrimination. Students of the period must also take into account its pronounced
A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English
A_Linguistic_Atlas_of_Early_Middle_English
claimed it is more similar to the pre-divided Seoul dialect than the pre-divided Pyongyang dialect, and suggested that its pronunciation and grammar are
North–South differences in the Korean language
North–South_differences_in_the_Korean_language
Variety of American English
AAVE is widespread throughout the United States, but it is not the native dialect of all Black Americans, and a small number of its speakers are not Black
African-American Vernacular English
African-American_Vernacular_English
Semitic language spoken mostly in Malta
like John L. Hayes considered it to be descended from a North African dialect of Colloquial Arabic, which was introduced to Malta when the Aghlabids
Maltese_language
Aboriginal language continuum
Montagnais, Piyekwâkamî dialect) ilnu-Aimûn (Western Montagnais, Betsiamites dialect) innu-Aimûn (Eastern Montagnais) The Cree dialect continuum can be divided
Cree_language
Attitudes based on preconceived categories
gender they identify as, could be considered discrimination, especially if the victim of this discrimination has expressed repetitively what their preferred
Prejudice
East Slavic language
standardized lect, there are two main dialects of the Belarusian language: the northeastern dialect and the southwestern dialect. In addition, there is a transitional
Belarusian_language
official policies of racial segregation and discrimination. In 1948 President Harry S. Truman abolished discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion
Military history of African Americans in the Vietnam War
Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_Vietnam_War
West Slavic ethnolect
recognition as a language, there is a debate on whether Silesian is either a dialect of Polish or a distinct language, and if Silesians are either a regional
Silesian_language
Variety of English language
centuries, dialects from many different regions of England and the British Isles existed in every American colony, allowing a process of extensive dialect leveling
American_English
Gheg Albanian dialect of Croatia
The Arbanasi dialect (natively: Arbëneshë) is a dialect of Gheg Albanian that is spoken in long-standing diaspora communities of Albanians in Croatia.
Arbanasi_dialect
Dialect of Portuguese
Brazil. The Baiano dialect is academically regarded as culturally rich, despite this, it suffers a certain degree of discrimination from Brazilian media
Baiano_Portuguese
Eastern Iranian language
Kandahar dialect (or South Western dialect) Kakar dialect (or South Eastern dialect) Shirani dialect Mandokhel dialect Marwat-Bettani dialect Southern
Pashto
Inaccurate impressions about Appalachian people and culture
most common stereotype of Appalachian people. The traditional Appalachian dialect and accent also attracts a slew of stereotypes and consequences for those
Appalachian_stereotypes
Romance language of the West Iberian group
speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three
Asturian_language
Ethnographic group of Georgians
Turkish rule, Adjarians have kept the Georgian language (with their own dialect) and traditions. In the 1926 census, Adjarians were categorised as a distinct
Adjarians
Constitution of Japan guarantees equality under the law and prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, belief, sex, or social status, Japan does not
Racism_in_Japan
North-Western Iranian language
divides the dialects of the Balochi language into six categories: Rakhshani, Panjguri, Saravani, Lashari, Kechi, and the "Coastal Dialects". According
Balochi_language
called for countries to ban discrimination and combat stigma. Few countries so far protect intersex people from discrimination. A 2013 first international
Discrimination against intersex people
Discrimination_against_intersex_people
Dialect of Western Balochi
Balochi (رونیندی بلۏچی, romanized: Roanindi Balòči) is a dialect of the Balochi language. The dialect has several important subdialects and spoken predominantly
Rakhshani_dialect
with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model, although there is no generally accepted
Indigenous_peoples
System of bias and prejudice in favor of heterosexuality
Heterosexism is a system of attitudes, bias, and discrimination in favor of heterosexuality and heterosexual relationships. According to Elizabeth Cramer
Heterosexism
Major dialect group of Balochi spoken in Pakistan and Iran
after numerous studies, the Balochi language has three main dialects. The main dialect split is between Western, Southern, and Eastern Balochi. Makrani
Makrani_dialect
spoken by Japanese people, which is separated into several dialects, with the Tokyo dialect considered Standard Japanese. Japanese has around 128 million
Demographics_of_Japan
Ethnic group
Kingdom, they have always faced discrimination on the basis of their ethnicity as Travellers. They experience discrimination in not having equal access to
Irish_Travellers
Caucasian ethnic group
geographic subgroups, each with its characteristic traditions, manners, dialects and, in the case of Svans and Mingrelians, own regional languages. The
Georgians
1954 novel by Roger Mais
about a Christ-like wise-man and folk Rastafarian healer, 'Bra' Man' (in dialect) John Power. The book is significant as the first serious representation
Brother_Man
Umbrella term used for traditionally nomadic groups
of languages and dialects spoken in their communities. Prejudice against GRT people is widespread in Britain, and so discrimination is also a barrier
Gypsy,_Roma_and_Traveller
Document of human rights by the United Nations
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, the United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights
Bedouins, on the other hand, speak a Northwest Arabian dialect. Because the modern Arabic dialects of Israel's Arabs have absorbed multiple Hebrew loanwords
Arab_citizens_of_Israel
Ethnic group native to southeastern China and Taiwan
Sinitic group of languages, being linguistically proximate to the Gan dialect of Jiangxi. The Hakka also exhibit traditional Confucian values, such as
Hakka_people
Most populous city in the United States
to a distinctive regional accent and speech pattern called the New York dialect, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. It has been considered
New_York_City
Dialects of Macedonian and Bulgarian
arrested, and beaten. During the Cold War cases of discrimination against people who spoke in local dialects had been reported. In 1959 the inhabitants of
Slavic_dialects_of_Greece
Indo-Aryan language
major varieties of Gujarati exist: a standard 'Hindu' dialect, a 'Parsi' dialect and a 'Muslim' dialect. However, Gujarati has undergone contemporary reclassification
Gujarati_language
Variety of Spanish language
Spanish (Spanish: español peruano, officially castellano) is a family of dialects of the Spanish language that have been spoken in Peru since its introduction
Peruvian_Spanish
Ethnic group
k'akhelebi) are an ethnographic group of Georgians who speak the Kakhetian dialect of the Georgian language. Kakhetians are the indigenous population of Kakheti
Kakhetians
Official language of the country of Georgia
distantly, Svan. Georgian has various dialects, with standard Georgian based on the Kartlian dialect, and all dialects are mutually intelligible. The history
Georgian_language
Technological phenomenon with social implications
most concerned with algorithms that reflect "systematic and unfair" discrimination. This bias has only recently been addressed in legal frameworks, such
Algorithmic_bias
Country in Northern Europe
Proto-Indo-European language. There are two main dialects: Aukštaitian dialect and Samogitian dialect. Aukštaitian dialect is mainly used in the central, southern
Lithuania
Kartvelian tribes
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
List of ancient Colchian tribes
List_of_ancient_Colchian_tribes
Braille system for the Georgian language
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Georgian_Braille
Municipal unit in Greece
surname "Arvanitidis". Historically, the residents spoke the Thracian dialect of Greek and did not live in segregated neighborhoods based on their origins
Metaxades
Subethnic group of Kartvelian people
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Zans
2026 Indian film by Buchi Babu Sana
hamlet in the Vizianagaram region. The villagers face systemic social discrimination, economic exploitation, and violence from neighboring upper-caste landlords
Peddi
Romance language group. In Italy, these are commonly called dialetti ("dialects"). Most of the Romance varieties of Italy often labelled as "regional"
Languages_of_Italy
Georgian poetic form
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Shairi
Dialect of American Sign Language
Black American Sign Language (BASL) or Black Sign Variation (BSV) is a dialect of American Sign Language (ASL) used most commonly by deaf Black Americans
Black_American_Sign_Language
Hostility or prejudice towards Irish people
It can include hatred, oppression, persecution, as well as simple discrimination. Generally, it could be bigotry against people from the island of Ireland
Anti-Irish_sentiment
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Lists_of_monarchs_of_Georgia
Foreign workers in six Arab states of the Persian Gulf
considerable impact on the cultural typography of the Gulf states. The dialect of the Gulf countries also adopted many Persian terms and architectural
Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region
Migrant_workers_in_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_region
Romance language
Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon dialect) is similar to the distance among different Occitan dialects. Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan
Catalan_language
Text by Walter Benjamin, 1932 to 1938
The proletarian slums remained real ghettos with their own customs and dialects. The spirit of calculation in the mentality of the citizens was combined
Berlin_Childhood_around_1900
Ethnographic subgroup of Georgians
Meskhebi) are an ethnographic subgroup of Georgians who speak the Meskhetian dialect of the Georgian language. Meskhetians are the indigenous population of
Meskhetians
Genre of Georgian folk song
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Iavnana
Ethnic group in the larger Kashmir region
Publications. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-7992-124-1. The 'Gujjars' , who speak a Pahari dialect , inhabit the western part of Reasi district in the region of Jammu. King
Gurjars_in_Kashmir
Ethnographic subgroup of Georgians
the Imerkhevian dialect (imerkheuli) of the Georgian language, which shares many common features with the neighboring Adjarian dialect. Imerkhevians are
Imerkhevians
Dialect of the English language used in Antigua and Barbuda
Barbudan English (ABE) or Antiguan and Barbudan Standard English is a dialect of English used in Antigua and Barbuda. ABE co-exists with Antiguan and
Antiguan_and_Barbudan_English
Traditional Georgian custom
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Tsatsloba
Literary language of 12th to 18th-century Georgia
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Middle_Georgian
Ethnic group in Kosovo
number an estimated 20,000 people and speak a transitional South Slavic dialect called Goranski. The vast majority of the Gorani people adhere to Sunni
Gorani_people
Caste from India
agricultural land of these regions are mostly held by these people. Laria is the dialect of the Agharia community and varies by region, with roots in the Ardha
Agharia
Ethnic group
relative underrepresentation of Bedouin women in the labor force were discrimination in the labor market, inferior quality of education in Bedouin towns
Negev_Bedouin_women
Country in Southeast Africa
"Zimbabwe" derives from dzimba-dza-mabwe, translated from the Karanga dialect of Shona as "houses of stones" (dzimba = plural of imba, "house"; mabwe
Zimbabwe
Country in East Asia
speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Standard Chinese, largely based off the Beijing dialect, is the official language of China. Around 300 million people speak other
China
Texas residents of Czech ancestry
characterized by Moravian dialects (Lachian and Moravian Wallachian) which vary to some extent from the Bohemian dialects spoken by most Czech-Americans
Czech_Texans
2008 removal and flight of Georgians from South Ossetia
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia
Ethnic_cleansing_of_Georgians_in_South_Ossetia
Hostility, prejudice, discrimination or racism against Finland and Finnish culture
dialect or a closely related Finnic language (their form of speech is now called Kven) was forbidden in Norway, and they experienced discrimination.
Anti-Finnish_sentiment
other forms of discrimination, both before and after the Civil War. Thanks to the civil rights movement, formal racial discrimination was gradually outlawed
Racism against African Americans
Racism_against_African_Americans
2002 agreement between the Georgian Orthodox Church and the government of Georgia
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Concordat_of_2002
Persian-speaking ethnic group mainly in Afghanistan
Quetta, and in Iran, primarily in Mashhad. They speak Dari and Hazaragi dialects of Persian. Between 1888 and 1893, more than half of the Hazara population
Hazaras
Men attracted to other men
included inverts and uranians. Gay men continue to face significant discrimination in large parts of the world, particularly in parts of Asia and Africa
Gay_men
List of a country's musical instruments
(Proto-Kartvelian, Proto–Georgian–Zan, Svan, Zan, Mingrelian, Laz) Georgian dialects (Adjaran dialect, Judaeo-Georgian) Georgian Sign Language Georgian Braille Writing
Musical instruments of Georgia
Musical_instruments_of_Georgia
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DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
DIALECT DISCRIMINATION
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