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Opposition to equality feminism
Difference feminism is a term developed during the equality-versus-difference debate in American feminism to describe the view that men and women are
Difference_feminism
Form of liberal feminism
Equity feminism has been defined and classified as a kind of classically liberal or libertarian feminism, in contrast with social feminism, difference feminism
Equity_feminism
Form of feminism
conception to natural death.[neutrality is disputed] New feminism, as a form of difference feminism, supports the idea that men and women have different strengths
New_feminism
Range of socio-political movements and ideologies
equality feminism, social feminism, equity feminism, difference feminism, individualist/libertarian feminism, and some forms of state feminism, particularly
Feminism
Feminism that embraces reactionary politics
identity Conservative variants of feminism Difference feminism – Opposition to equality feminism Fourth-wave feminism – Feminist movement, 2010s–present
Reactionary_feminism
Subset of feminism
Equality feminism is a subset of the overall feminism movement and more specifically of the liberal feminist tradition that focuses on the basic similarities
Equality_feminism
Type of feminism
on global feminism (such as feminism in Sweden, feminism in India, feminism in Mexico, feminism in Japan, feminism in Germany, and feminism in South Africa)
African_feminism
Physical, legal, and cultural separation of people according to their gender or sex
reverent manner. Difference feminism and equal treatment theory are quite contrasting feminist theories of sex segregation. Difference feminism often justifies
Sex_segregation
Main branch of feminism
as equality feminism, social feminism, care-ethical liberal feminism, equity feminism, difference feminism, conservative liberal feminism, and liberal
Liberal_feminism
One theory of the equality of the sexes
Feminism is one theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes, even though many feminist movements and ideologies differ on exactly
Feminism_and_equality
Type of feminism
Materialist feminism is a theoretical current of radical feminism that was formed around the French magazine Questions féministes. It is characterized
Materialist_feminism
introducing the term cultural feminism in 1975 to describe the depoliticisation of radical feminism. Difference feminism was developed by feminists in
Feminist movements and ideologies
Feminist_movements_and_ideologies
Theories that commend innate differences between women and men
describe theories that commend innate differences between women and men. Cultural feminists diverged from radical feminism when they rejected the problematization
Cultural_feminism
system. 1980s: In Turkey and Israel, second-wave feminism began in the 1980s. 1980s: Difference feminism was developed by feminists in the 1980s, it is
Timeline_of_feminism
Perspective within feminism
Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical re-ordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social
Radical_feminism
Topics referred to by the same term
feminism may refer to: A term used by Christina Hoff Sommers in the 1994 book Who Stole Feminism? A form of difference feminism Care-focused feminism
Gender_feminism
Feminism that rejects a universal female subject
Postmodern feminism is a branch of feminism that opposes a universal female subject. Drawing on postmodern philosophy, postmodern feminism questions traditional
Postmodern_feminism
Belgian-born French feminist, philosopher
relation to women. She is considered one of the founders of French difference feminism. Irigaray's first and most well known book, published in 1974, was
Luce_Irigaray
Marxist feminism is a philosophical variant of feminism that incorporates and extends Marxist theory. Marxist feminism analyzes the ways in which women
Marxist_feminism
Academic field of study in international politics
Feminism is a broad term given to works of those scholars who have sought to bring gender concerns into the academic study of international politics and
Feminism in international relations
Feminism_in_international_relations
1997 book by Steven Pinker
the central components of evolutionary psychology. He criticizes difference feminism because he believes scientific research has shown that women and
How_the_Mind_Works
Difference feminism was developed by feminists in the 1980s, it is a term developed during the equality-versus-difference debate in American feminism
Timeline of feminism in the United States
Timeline_of_feminism_in_the_United_States
Ideology opposing feminism
holding feminism responsible for several social problems, including lower college entrance and graduate rates of young men, gender differences in suicide
Antifeminism
Feminist theory
second-wave feminism) is potentially misleading. Feminism portal Anti-abortion feminism Difference feminism Equity feminism French feminism Gaze Objectification
Neofeminism
Approach to feminism influenced by post-structuralist thought
Post-structural feminism is a branch of feminism that engages with insights from post-structuralist thought. Post-structural feminism emphasizes "the
Post-structural_feminism
Anarcha-feminism Antifeminism Atheist feminism Chicana feminism Christian feminism Conflict theories Conservative feminism Cultural feminism Difference feminism
Feminist_theory
NZ feminist political philosopher
sex-based discrimination against women in her 1991 essay "Sexual Difference, Feminism, and the Law". She says that examining the history and current ramifications
Susan_Moller_Okin
Ideology that seeks liberation from economic and cultural sources of women's oppression
Socialist feminism rose in the 1960s and 1970s as an offshoot of the feminist movement and New Left that focuses upon the interconnectivity of the patriarchy
Socialist_feminism
Movement emphasizing lesbian perspectives
Lesbian feminism is a cultural movement and critical perspective that encourages women to focus their efforts, attentions, relationships, and activities
Lesbian_feminism
Branch of feminism centered in non-Western cultures
Postcolonial feminism is a form of feminism that developed as a response to feminism focusing solely on the experiences of women in Western cultures and
Postcolonial_feminism
Feminist movement, 1990s–2010s
Third-wave feminism is a feminist movement that began in the early 1990s; it was prominent in the decades prior to the fourth wave. Grounded in the civil-rights
Third-wave_feminism
Movement originating within radical feminism
Trans-exclusionary radical feminism, also known as gender-critical feminism, is a subset of feminism that rejects transgender and non-binary identities
Trans-exclusionary radical feminism
Trans-exclusionary_radical_feminism
Forms of feminism that emphasize freedom of choice
Choice feminism is a critical term for expressions of feminism that emphasize women’s freedom of choice. Such expressions seek to be “non-judgmental”
Choice_feminism
Fat feminism Analytical feminism Anarcha-feminism Care-focused feminism Conservative feminism Cultural feminism Cyberfeminism Difference feminism Eco-feminism
List_of_political_ideologies
Feminist movement, 2010s–present
Fourth-wave feminism is a feminist movement that began around 2012 and is characterized by a focus on the empowerment of women, the use of internet tools
Fourth-wave_feminism
Domesticity - Culture, feminism in - Cultural feminism - Cyberfeminism Day, International Women's - Dekh Le - Difference feminism - Differences, gender - Discrimination
Index_of_feminism_articles
American Marxist-feminist sociologist and art historian (b. 1938)
topics. She studied the current state of feminism, analyzing the debates between the equality and difference perspectives in relation to maternity leave
Lise_Vogel
Attribution of intrinsic qualities to genders
century. During second-wave feminism, Simone de Beauvoir and other feminists in the 1960s and '70s theorized that gender differences were socially constructed
Gender_essentialism
Canadian-Australian professor of politics
Australian National University. In 1990, Bacchi published Same difference: feminism and sexual difference through Allen & Unwin. At the end of the 1990s, Bacchi
Carol_Bacchi
Branch of feminism that emphasizes sexual freedoms
Sex-positive feminism, also known as pro-sex feminism, sex-radical feminism, or sexually liberal feminism, is a feminist movement centering on the idea
Sex-positive_feminism
Chronological narrative of the movements and ideologies aimed at equal rights for women
The history of feminism comprises the narratives (chronological or thematic) of the movements and ideologies which have aimed at equal rights for women
History_of_feminism
Cultural and legal impact of feminist activism
treatment of women in the church. New feminism is a branch of difference feminism situated within Catholicism. Islamic feminism is concerned with the role of
Feminist_effects_on_society
Period of feminist activity, 1960s–1980s
Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades, ending with the feminist sex wars
Second-wave_feminism
Social science theory
Standpoint feminism is a theory that feminist social science should be practiced from the standpoint of women or particular groups of women, as some scholars
Standpoint_feminism
Form of feminism limited to white women
White feminism is a term which is used to describe expressions of feminism which are perceived as focusing on white women while failing to address the
White_feminism
2006 book by Ophelia Benson and Jeremy Stangroom
thinking in contemporary academia. "Covering such schools of thought as difference feminism, deconstruction, and the sociology of knowledge, the author reveals
The Dictionary of Fashionable Nonsense
The_Dictionary_of_Fashionable_Nonsense
View of feminism as outdated
Postfeminism (alternatively rendered as post-feminism) is an alleged decrease in popular support for feminism from the 1990s onwards. It can be considered
Postfeminism
Men's approach to feminism
Men in feminism involves the participation, contribution, and theoretical engagement of men in the feminist movement. Historically, men have both supported
Men_in_feminism
Grassroots radical feminist movement
aligns with feminism for the 99% given their simultaneous use of intersectionality. A point of difference between the two movement is that feminism for the
Feminism_of_the_99%
Period of feminist activity, 19th and early 20th centuries
First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It
First-wave_feminism
Islamic feminism is a form of feminism concerned with the role of women in Islam. It aims for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of gender, in
Islamic_feminism
Branch of anarchism that puts a particular emphasis on feminism
Anarcha-feminism, also known as anarchist feminism or anarcho-feminism, is a system of analysis which combines the principles and power analysis of anarchist
Anarcha-feminism
Theological view on gender roles
rather than the superiority of men over women or women over men. Difference feminism is a philosophy that stresses that men and women are ontologically
Complementarianism
Feminism in France is the history of feminist thought and movements in France. Feminism in France can be roughly divided into three waves: First-wave
Feminism_in_France
Feminism in China refers to the collection of historical movements and ideologies in time aimed at redefining the role and status of women in China. Feminism
Feminism_in_China
Theory of discrimination
Maxine Baca; Dill, Bonnie Thornton (1996). "Theorizing Difference from Multiracial Feminism". Feminist Studies. 22 (2): 321–331. doi:10.2307/3178416
Intersectionality
as in other countries, feminism seeks to establish political, social, and economic equality for women. The history of feminism in Britain dates back to
Feminism in the United Kingdom
Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom
Legal theory
gender-prioritized and patriarchal. In 1984 Martha Fineman founded the Feminism and Legal Theory Project at the University of Wisconsin Law School to explore
Feminist_legal_theory
Libertarian feminist movement
Individualist feminism, also known as ifeminism, is a libertarian feminist movement that emphasizes individualism, personal autonomy, freedom from state-sanctioned
Individualist_feminism
Prejudice against, or hatred of, men
misandry originated in the late 19th century as an epithet for first-wave feminism, drawing an equivalence between hatred of men and misogyny, the hatred
Misandry
Branch of feminism
Transfeminism, or trans feminism, is a branch of feminism focused on transgender women and informed by transgender studies. Transfeminism focuses on the
Transfeminism
Australian anthropologist (born 1950)
1023/a:1020382712385. Wikidata Q108596098. Vicki Kirby (1989). "Capitalising difference: Feminism and anthropology". Australian Feminist Studies. 4 (9): 1–24. doi:10
Vicki_Kirby
Campaigns for reforms on feminist issues
on feminism had two dimensions including the sex differences between men and women such as maternal role and duties of women and social difference between
Feminist_movement
1631 painting by Judith Leyster
Group. ISBN 9780313288036. Pollock, Griselda (2012). Vision and Difference: Feminism, Femininity and Histories of Art (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136743894
The_Proposition_(Leyster)
Dominant or exclusive focus on women in theory or practice
" Beginning with second-wave feminism in the 1970s, the term gynocentrism has been used to describe difference feminism, which displayed a shift towards
Gynocentrism
Feminist subreddit
r/Feminism is a feminist political subreddit discussing women's issues. The subreddit discusses issues that impact women and minorities, including workplace
R/Feminism
Painting by Mary Cassatt
[1988]. "Modernity and the spaces of femininity" (PDF). Vision and Difference: Feminism, Femininity and Histories of Art. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415308502
Little Girl in a Blue Armchair
Little_Girl_in_a_Blue_Armchair
British art historian (b. 1949)
Framing Feminism: Art & the Women' s Movement 1970–85 (Griselda Pollock with Rozsika Parker), 1987. Vision and Difference: [Femininity, Feminism, and Histories
Griselda_Pollock
Pre-Raphaelite model, artist, and poet (1829–1862)
A Study of the Representation of Elizabeth Siddall". Vision and Difference: Feminism, femininity and the histories of art. London and New York: Routledge
Elizabeth_Siddal
feminism encompasses many variants including ecofeminism, transfeminism, difference feminism, equality feminism, liberal feminism, radical feminism,
Fourth-wave_feminism_in_Spain
Support for the cause of feminism
Pro-feminism refers to support of the cause of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement. The term is most often
Pro-feminism
Some variants of feminism are considered more conservative than others. Historically, feminist scholars tend to not have much interest in conservative
Conservative variants of feminism
Conservative_variants_of_feminism
Women bases intertwined concepts
Feminism and racism are highly intertwined concepts in intersectional theory, focusing on the ways in which women of color in the Western World experience
Feminism_and_racism
Subdiscipline of sociology
Anarcha-feminism Liberal feminism Cultural feminism Feminist existentialism Ecofeminism Radical feminism Marxist feminism Sex-positive feminism Socialist
Feminist_sociology
Male envy of women's biological functions
combat the paternal, represents only one aspect of potential female difference." Feminism portal Horney, Karen (1967). Feminine Psychology. W.W. Norton Company
Womb_envy
Feminism that maintains femininity and sexuality of women
Lipstick feminism (also known as girlie feminism or girly feminism) is a niche variety of feminism that embraces the coexistence of stereotypical concepts
Lipstick_feminism
late-1970s, lesbian Gretel Ammann played a big role in helping define difference feminism in Catalonia and consequently Spain more broadly. Gretel Ammann,
Lesbians in the Spanish democratic transition period
Lesbians_in_the_Spanish_democratic_transition_period
American historian
Kristina (Winter 2004). "Three decades of feminism in science: from "liberal feminism" and "difference feminism" to gender analysis of science". Hypatia
Elizabeth_Lunbeck
Argentine-born feminist philosopher
and difference feminism that has characterized Spanish feminist theory in the 1980s and 1990s, Puleo has found ways to combine equality feminism's reason
Alicia_Puleo
American psychoanalyst
psychoanalysis, theories of intersubjectivity, and gender studies and feminism as it relates to psychoanalysis and society. She is known for her ideas
Jessica_Benjamin
Feminism created, approved, or promoted by a government
State feminism is feminism created or approved by the government of a state or nation. It usually specifies a particular program. The term was coined by
State_feminism
Feminist movements and ideology
Transnational feminism refers to both a contemporary feminist paradigm and the corresponding activist movement. Both the theories and activist practices
Transnational_feminism
Forms of feminism that advocate for increased prison sentences
Carceral feminism is a critical term for types of feminism that advocate for enhancing and increasing prison sentences that deal with feminist and gender
Carceral_feminism
Idealogical movement
Arab feminism is a diverse current within the feminist movement that emerged, developed, and is practiced in the Arab world. Rooted in the late 19th-century
Arab_feminism
Black feminist identity practices
Black feminism is a branch of feminism that emerged in response to the unique social and political forces Black women face as a collective. These forces—racism
Black_feminism
American science writer (born 1991)
science current events dating gender equality gender roles gender differences feminism race relations religion self-deprecation NASA Website Official website
Kasha_Patel
Asian American feminism encompass a series of evolving sociopolitical movements, theory, and praxis that address the intersections of identities, struggles
Asian_American_feminism
South Korean social activist (born 1996)
Korea. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Park Ji-hyun (politician). Feminism in South Korea Kwon In-sook "BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this
Park_Ji-hyun_(politician)
Australian academic (born 1951)
11–25, ISBN 9781920694074. Bulbeck, Chilla (2005), "Equality and difference feminism: a comparison of the attitudes of young Australians and Japanese"
Chilla_Bulbeck
Swedish feminist
she opposed the Difference feminism represented by Ellen Key which demanded equal rights for men and women because their differences would complement
Anna_Sandström
Feminism that questions caste and gender roles
Dalit feminism is a feminist perspective that includes questioning caste and gender roles among the Dalit population and within feminism and the larger
Dalit_feminism
British writer and physician (1859–1938)
in the fight against early feminism, coining the term "feminism is Masculism." As a scientist, she believed sex differences were vital to the continuation
Arabella_Kenealy
Canadian lawyer and feminist (1886–1968)
Retrieved 25 March 2026. Hobbs, Margaret (1993). "Equality and Difference: Feminism and the Defence of Women Workers During the Great Depression". Labour/Le
Dorothy_Heneker
American philosopher (born 1944)
Randolph from 1990 to 1996. Their engagement with specific ideas relating to feminism, technoscience, political consciousness, and other social issues, formed
Donna_Haraway
Spanish philosopher
feminist. She is considered within the "philosophic feminism" as part of the "equality feminism" approach. She has been a member of the Spanish Council
Amelia_Valcárcel
structure associated with Western feminism. Polish feminism can be tied to ideals of the second and third waves of feminism, but it paradoxically exists between
Feminism_in_Poland
Feminism in Israel is a complex issue in contemporary Israeli society due to the varied demographic makeup of the country and the country's particular
Feminism_in_Israel
Movement within Israeli feminism representing Mizrahi women
Mizrahi feminism is a movement within Israeli feminism, which seeks to extricate Mizrahi women from the binary categories of Mizrahi-Ashkenazi and men-women
Mizrahi_feminism
Term used to critique certain forms of feminist activism
rooted in differences in how feminists address the liabilities that women suffer: while victim feminism simply dwells on them, power feminism seeks to
Victim_feminism
American feminist artist collective
visible the effects of the interconnections of technology, gender, and difference; feminism and global capital; new bio and medical technologies and women's
SubRosa
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DIFFERENCE FEMINISM
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