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Statistical property of a test item
Differential item functioning (DIF) is a statistical property of a test item that indicates how likely it is for individuals from distinct groups, possessing
Differential_item_functioning
Software used for psychometric analysis
There is also an R Shiny tool for reproducible Rasch analysis, differential item functioning, equating, and examination of group effects. Additionally, an
Psychometric_software
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
(2000).Item Response Theory for Psychologists. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Zumbo, B.D. (2007). "Three generations of differential item functioning (DIF)
Intelligence_quotient
Paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests
In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT, also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for
Item_response_theory
Type of cognitive style measurement and model
agreement over nomenclature. To measure self-report consistency, a differential item functioning review of HBDI was published in 2007 by Jared Lees. However
Herrmann brain dominance instrument
Herrmann_brain_dominance_instrument
Educational testing and assessment organization
analysis); Paul Holland (differential item functioning, test equating, causal modeling); Howard Wainer (differential item functioning, Testlet Response Theory
Educational_Testing_Service
Standardized test used for U.S. college admissions
students. One set of studies has reported differential item functioning, namely, that some test questions function differently based on the racial group of
SAT
American statistician
Press. ISBN 9780691149288. — (1993). Paul W. Holland (ed.). Differential Item Functioning. Routledge. ISBN 0805809724. — (2000). Visual Revelations: Graphical
Howard_Wainer
Mathematical notion of infinitesimal difference
differences and the derivatives of functions. The term is used in various branches of mathematics such as calculus, differential geometry, algebraic geometry
Differential_(mathematics)
Field of study in Psychology
improve the construct validity of such items. The same group used AIG to study differential item functioning (DIF) and gender differences associated
Automatic_item_generation
Methods of safely sharing general data
{\displaystyle c} items is ε-differentially private protected (and each item is ( ε / c ) {\displaystyle (\varepsilon /c)} -differentially private protected).
Differential_privacy
Area of scientific research
but were not set up to get rid of any sex differences (read differential item functioning). They summarized his conclusions finding "No evidence was found
Sex differences in intelligence
Sex_differences_in_intelligence
Questionnaire to help people choose a career path
equivalence of vocational interests across culture and gender: Differential item functioning in the Strong Interest Inventory. (Order No. 3023048, University
Strong_Interest_Inventory
Statistical property of measurement
external validation hinges on the assumption of comparability. Differential item functioning Vandenberg, Robert J.; Lance, Charles E. (2000). "A Review and
Measurement_invariance
American psychology professor
psychometrics (especially in the areas of reliability and differential item functioning), and validity generalization/meta-analysis. Raju was a SIOP
Nambury_S._Raju
S-shaped curve
decaying gap. The differential equation derived above is a special case of a general differential equation that only models the sigmoid function for x > 0 {\displaystyle
Logistic_function
Administration of psychological tests
the probability of correctly answering items, as encapsulated in the concept of differential item functioning. Often tests are constructed for a specific
Psychological_testing
German-language identity and ancestry term
Robert (2019), Veldkamp, Bernard P.; Sluijter, Cor (eds.), "Differential Item Functioning in PISA Due to Mode Effects", Theoretical and Practical Advances
Migration_background
American statistician (born 1940)
6(9): 813-827. Holland, P. W., & Howard Wainer (editors) (2012) Differential Item Functioning. Routledge ISBN 9781138967694 Paul Holland at National Academy
Paul_W._Holland
Topics referred to by the same term
Integral de la Familia (Integral Family Development), Mexico Differential item functioning, a statistical procedure Differentiation-inducing factor Djurgårdens
DIF
American statistician and psychologist
"A more general model for testing measurement invariance and differential item functioning". Psychological Methods. 22 (3): 507–526. doi:10.1037/met0000077
Daniel_J._Bauer
Outcome type in clinical trials
ISSN 0895-4356. PMID 18359194. Scott, NW; et al. (2010). "Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses of health-related quality of life instruments
Patient-reported_outcome
Taiwanese and New Zealand statistician
could pan out. More specifically, her research has concerned differential item functioning, dimension reduction for data whose components have mixed types
Ivy_Liu
Admissions Criteria Using Hierarchical Linear Models, Item Response Theory and Differential Item Functioning Analyses: A Study of the University of California's
Early Academic Outreach Program
Early_Academic_Outreach_Program
Japanese psychometrician (born 1930)
journals, focusing on the extension of Item Response Theory, differential item functioning, and test information functions. Her rigorous, mathematically detailed
Fumiko_Samejima
Psychometric measurement scale
feelings for a given item. A scale can be created as the simple sum or average of questionnaire responses over the set of individual items (questions). In
Likert_scale
Psychological measure
(August 2022). "Measuring autism in males and females with a differential item functioning approach: Results from a nation-wide population-based study"
Autism – Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities
Autism_–_Tics,_AD/HD,_and_other_Comorbidities
first-order partial differential equation is a partial differential equation that involves the first derivatives of an unknown function u {\displaystyle
First-order partial differential equation
First-order_partial_differential_equation
Psychological self-assessment
helps measure mood based on Carroll Izard's differential emotions theory, The DES consists of thirty items, three for each of the ten fundamental emotions
Differential_Emotions_Scale
Inclusion of one mathematical structure in another, preserving properties of interest
injective function f : X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} is necessarily a discrete subspace of its domain X . {\displaystyle X.} In differential topology:
Embedding
this pressure differential has been utilized for everything from automatic locks and windshield wipers to operating emissions control items. Engine vacuum
Vacuum_delay_valve
important discoveries and innovations. Many of these items named after Euler include their own unique function, equation, formula, identity, number (single or
List of topics named after Leonhard Euler
List_of_topics_named_after_Leonhard_Euler
Index of articles associated with the same name
First-order partial differential equation, a partial differential equation that involves only first derivatives of the unknown function of n variables Order
First-order
Extremely small quantity in calculus; thing so small that there is no way to measure it
Latin coinage infinitesimus, which originally referred to the "infinitieth" item in a sequence. Infinitesimals do not exist in the standard real number system
Infinitesimal
Circulation density in a vector field
spaces. In 3 dimensions, a differential 0-form is a real-valued function f ( x , y , z ) {\displaystyle f(x,y,z)} ; a differential 1-form is the following
Curl_(mathematics)
Ability to perceive and process information about one's surroundings
Ballard, Biological Sensitivity to Family Income: Differential Effects on Early Executive Functioning. Child Dev, 2016. 87(2): p. 374-84. Xu, Y., et al
Environmental_sensitivity
Divergent sum of positive unit fractions
throughout the recursion, as a function of the number of other items that separate them in the final sorted order. If items x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle
Harmonic_series_(mathematics)
Double-walled insulated storage vessel
experiments and also a common household item. Dewar's design was quickly transformed into a commercial item in 1904 as two German glassblowers, Reinhold
Vacuum_flask
Fungus infection of the skin
the skin dry, not walking barefoot in public, and not sharing personal items. Treatment is typically with antifungal creams such as clotrimazole or miconazole
Dermatophytosis
Concept in auction theory
{\displaystyle Outcome} function is the same in both mechanisms - the highest bidder wins the item; and: A player who values the item as 0 always pays 0 in
Revenue_equivalence
Workplace for scientific activity
pressure Workshop Bertholf, Roger L. (2017). "Laboratory Structure and Function". Clinical Core Laboratory Testing. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7794-6_1
Laboratory
Formula for the derivative of a product
who demonstrated it using "infinitesimals" (a precursor to the modern differential). (However, J. M. Child, a translator of Leibniz's papers, argues that
Product_rule
Model of differential privacy
Local differential privacy (LDP) is a model of differential privacy with the added requirement that if an adversary has access to the personal responses
Local_differential_privacy
special function eponyms in mathematics, to cover the theory of special functions, the differential equations they satisfy, named differential operators
List of eponyms of special functions
List_of_eponyms_of_special_functions
Generalization of definite integrals to functions of multiple variables
volume differential. The Riemann integral of a function defined over an arbitrary bounded n-dimensional set can be defined by extending that function to a
Multiple_integral
Function that takes one or more functions as an input or that outputs a function
The differential operator in calculus is a common example, since it maps a function to its derivative, also a function. Higher-order functions should
Higher-order_function
Topics referred to by the same term
Liechtenstein Li, the polylogarithm function Li, the logarithmic integral function <li></li>, indicating an item in an HTML list; see HTML element <li>
Li
Function of the electronic stability control on production motor vehicles
conventionally controlled by using a differential. A further enhancement of the differential is to employ an active differential that can vary the amount of power
Traction_control_system
extension fully integrated into SageMath, to be used as a package for differential geometry and tensor calculus. The official page for the project is sagemanifolds
Sage_Manifolds
Chemical lab apparatus for collecting water from a reactor
The Dean–Stark method is commonly used to measure moisture content of items such as bread in the food industry. This equipment can be used in cases
Dean–Stark_apparatus
Integral transform useful in probability theory, physics, and engineering
}}\quad z=\int X(x)x^{A}\,dx} as solutions of differential equations, introducing in particular the gamma function. Joseph-Louis Lagrange was an admirer of
Laplace_transform
Cognitive processing, either influenced or not
dichotomy within executive functioning. Executive functioning has long been considered as a domain general cognitive function, but there has been support
Hot_and_cold_cognition
error in the measurement result. Differential pressure is the difference in pressure between two points. Differential pressure sensors are used to measure
Pressure_measurement
Glass laboratory container
A Florence flask/boiling flask is a type of flask used as an item of laboratory glassware and is named after the city Florence. It is used as a container
Florence_flask
Shallow dish used to hold cell cultures
common type of culture plate. The Petri dish is one of the most common items in biology laboratories and has entered popular culture. The term is sometimes
Petri_dish
Narrow-necked container
retrieve the marbles, they are relatively scarce and have become collector items; particularly in the UK. A cobalt-coloured Codd bottle today fetches hundreds
Bottle
Pressurised heating apparatus
medical instruments and supplies. This is accomplished by subjecting these items to pressurized saturated steam at 121 °C (250 °F) at a gauge pressure of
Autoclave
Sheet of fire retardant material used to smother fires
on fire. Fire blankets, along with fire extinguishers, are fire safety items that can be useful in case of a fire. These nonflammable materials are stable
Fire_blanket
Index of articles associated with the same name
Cyclic homology, an approximation of K-theory used in non-commutative differential geometry Cyclic module, a module generated by a single element Cyclic
Cyclic_(mathematics)
linear operator on a cotangent bundle (phase space) that generalizes a differential operator and appears in the framework of microlocal analysis as well
Microdifferential_operator
Laboratory flask with a flat bottom
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Erlenmeyer_flask
Scientific instrument for observing small objects
came from the discovery of phase contrast by Frits Zernike in 1953, and differential interference contrast illumination by Georges Nomarski in 1955; both
Microscope
Test to measure cognitive impairment
(November 2006). "Item and scale differential functioning of the Mini-Mental Status Exam assessed using the Differential Item and Test Functioning (DFIT) Framework"
Mini–mental_state_examination
Graduated glass tube with a tap at one end
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Burette
Screening tool for alcohol problems
that the CAGE is typically used. Internal consistency (whether all of the items measure the same construct) is not usually reported in studies of the CAGE;
CAGE_questionnaire
Functions used to evaluate optimization algorithms
(5 May 2007). "Minimization of Keane's Bump Function by the Repulsive Particle Swarm and the Differential Evolution Methods". MPRA Paper. University Library
Test functions for optimization
Test_functions_for_optimization
Chemistry equipment
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Rubber_bulb
Standardized psychometric measure of psychopathology and personality
focus on aspects of social and relational functioning with family and peers. Additionally, the 478-item length of the MMPI-A was identified as a challenge
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Minnesota_Multiphasic_Personality_Inventory
Pipe with a wide top and narrow bottom
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Funnel
Item of laboratory equipment
An iron ring or ring clamp is an item of laboratory equipment which comprises a conjoined metal ring and radially-extending rod. In some cases, the rod
Iron_ring_(laboratory)
Classification scheme for mathematics
variables and analytic spaces 33: Special functions 34: Ordinary differential equations 35: Partial differential equations 37: Dynamical systems and ergodic
Mathematics Subject Classification
Mathematics_Subject_Classification
an item in an unsorted sequence Selection algorithm: finds the kth largest item in a sequence Sorted lists Binary search algorithm: locates an item in
List_of_algorithms
Ways of assessing the function of the kidneys
assessment can be used to assess the function of the kidneys. This is because a person with abnormally functioning kidneys may have symptoms that develop
Assessment_of_kidney_function
Cognitive disorder of face perception
of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. The term originally referred to
Prosopagnosia
35-item parent-report questionnaire
Checklist (PSC) is a 35-item parent-report questionnaire designed to identify children with difficulties in psychosocial functioning. Its primary purpose
Pediatric_Symptom_Checklist
Growth of quantities at rate proportional to the current amount
log x on t. The exponential function x ( t ) = x 0 e k t {\displaystyle x(t)=x_{0}e^{kt}} satisfies the linear differential equation: d x d t = k x {\displaystyle
Exponential_growth
Medical diagnostic method
Scale (SSS), developed by William C. Dement and colleagues in 1972, is a one-item self-report questionnaire measuring levels of sleepiness throughout the day
Stanford_Sleepiness_Scale
Instrument for measuring heat
of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters
Calorimeter
Sealed container with gloves in the side for manipulating the objects inside
being manipulated. A smaller antechamber compartment is used to transport items into or out of the main chamber without compromising the internal environment
Glovebox
Scalar physical quantities representing system states
Thermodynamics, item 5-20.4 Helmholtz energy, Helmholtz function ISO/IEC 80000-5, Quantities and units, Part 5 - Thermodynamics, item 5-20.5, Gibbs energy
Thermodynamic_potential
Difficulty keeping organised to complete tasks
conduct disorder, high functioning autism, and Tourette's syndrome have all been suggested to involve executive functioning deficits. The main focus
Executive_dysfunction
Laboratory equipment
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Tripod_(laboratory)
Portable self-contained tabletop small appliance
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Hot_plate
Consequence affecting an organism's future behavior
responded or not. Simple schedules are utilized in many differential reinforcement procedures: Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) - A conditioning
Reinforcement
Type of laboratory equipment used to prevent contamination of samples
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Laminar_flow_cabinet
Laboratory equipment
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Cold_finger
corresponding value function w ( t ) {\displaystyle w(t)} is bounded and Lipschitz continuous, and the differential equation for this value function is derived
Robbins'_problem
Neurodevelopmental disorder
as low noradrenergic and dopaminergic functioning in brain regions and networks crucial for executive functioning and self-regulation. Typically, a number
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Small glass vessel or bottle used in laboratories or hospitals
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Vial
Conical closure used to seal a container
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Stopper_(plug)
Sealable enclosures containing desiccants to preserve moisture-sensitive items
enclosures containing desiccants used for preserving moisture-sensitive items such as cobalt chloride paper for another use. A common use for desiccators
Desiccator
by the pharmacy profession. Conical measures are the most commonly used item of glassware used in the preparation of extemporaneous medicaments. They
Conical_measure
Filtration apparatus used in a chemistry lab
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Büchner_funnel
Laboratory equipment to measure liquid volume
2020-02-20. "Elemental Scientific, LLC - Science supplies & educational Items". www.elementalscientific.net. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018
Graduated_cylinder
Device used to protect the wearer's face from hazards
A face shield, an item of personal protective equipment, aims to protect the wearer's entire face (or part of it) from hazards such as flying objects and
Face_shield
Eighth letter of the Greek alphabet
Step Function". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2025-01-24. Ali Elkordy, Amal, ed. (2013). Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context: Differential Scanning
Theta
the ability to remember the item taken, the age of the patient and value of the object are significant. Everyday functioning often depends on timely execution
Time-based_prospective_memory
Instrument used to measure the mass of an object
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Triple_beam_balance
Device used to transfer small quantities of liquids
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Eye_dropper
Laboratory glassware used for stirring
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Glass_rod
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English
Country; World
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Stem of Lotus
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Different Mantality
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
A Garden in Heaven
Girl/Female
African, Australian, Swahili
Valuable; Precious Item
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Stem of Lotus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, German, Muslim
Garden in Heaven
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lotus stem
Girl/Female
Indian
A garden in heaven
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lotus stem
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Stem
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Lotus Stem
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish, German, Slavic
Stem
Girl/Female
British, Celtic, English, Irish
Alright
Female
Egyptian
, the mother goddess of time.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Stem
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Stem; Hollow Reed
Boy/Male
English
Austere
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Stem.
Girl/Female
Muslim
A garden in heaven
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
Biblical
selling
Male
Norse
 Old Norse name composed of the name of the god Thor and the word leikr "game, play (involving weapons)," hence "Þórr's contender."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chaaruchithra | சாரà¯à®šà®¿à®¤à¯à®°
One of the kauravas
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Farsi, Muslim
Night; Nocturnal; One who does Anything by Night
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German, Polish
Joyful
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Parvathi
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Song of the Nightingale
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, Norse, Teutonic
Mighty with a Spear; Strong Spear; Powerful with the Spear
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim, Tamil, Telugu
Tender; Falconess
Surname or Lastname
Polish, Czech, Slovak, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and Slovenian
Polish, Czech, Slovak, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and Slovenian : occupational name for a carter or drayman, the driver of a horse-drawn delivery vehicle, from Polish, Yiddish, and Slovenian furman, a loanword from German (see Fuhrmann).English : variant of Firmin.Americanized spelling of German Fuhrmann.
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
n.
A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather.
v. t.
To distinguish or mark by a specific difference; to effect a difference in, as regards classification; to develop differential characteristics in; to specialize; to desynonymize.
pl.
of Differentia
a.
Of or pertaining to a differential, or to differentials.
n.
A small difference in rates which competing railroad lines, in establishing a common tariff, allow one of their number to make, in order to get a fair share of the business. The lower rate is called a differential rate. Differentials are also sometimes granted to cities.
a.
Wound by mechanism connected with the stem; as, a stem-winding watch.
a.
Relating to differences of motion or leverage; producing effects by such differences; said of mechanism.
a.
Relating to or indicating a difference; creating a difference; discriminating; special; as, differential characteristics; differential duties; a differential rate.
n.
A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential.
n.
One of two coils of conducting wire so related to one another or to a magnet or armature common to both, that one coil produces polar action contrary to that of the other.
v. t.
To remove the stem or stems from; as, to stem cherries; to remove the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from; as, to stem tobacco leaves.
n.
An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill.
n.
A stem-winding watch.
n.
An expression which, being differentiated, will produce a given differential. See differential Differential, and Integration. Cf. Fluent.
a.
That deduces; inferential.
v. t.
To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient, of; as, to differentiate an algebraic expression, or an equation.
n.
An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, which is given to a variable quantity.
a.
Ready to obey; reverent; differential; also, servilely submissive.
n.
A form of conductor used for dividing and distributing the current to a series of electric lamps so as to maintain equal action in all.
n.
Anything resembling a stem or stalk; as, the stem of a tobacco pipe; the stem of a watch case, or that part to which the ring, by which it is suspended, is attached.