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Wave phenomenon
of a double-slit pattern with a pattern formed by five slits, both sets of slits having the same spacing between the center of one slit and the next
Diffraction_from_slits
Interference phenomenon of waves
diffraction Diffraction from slits Diffraction spike Diffraction vs. interference Diffractive solar sail Diffractometer Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction Fiber
Diffraction
Optical component which splits light into several beams
efficiency Diffraction from slits Diffraction spike Diffractive solar sail Echelle grating Fraunhofer diffraction Fraunhofer diffraction (mathematics)
Diffraction_grating
Physics experiment
laser beam, illuminates a plate pierced by two parallel slits, and the light passing through the slits is observed on a screen behind the plate. The wave nature
Double-slit_experiment
Far-field diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of waves when plane waves are incident on a diffracting object, and the diffraction pattern
Fraunhofer_diffraction
Mathematical explanation of far field diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of waves when the diffraction pattern is viewed at a long distance from the diffracting object
Fraunhofer diffraction equation
Fraunhofer_diffraction_equation
turbulence Diffraction from slits Double-slit experiment Free-space optical communication Laser communication in space Microscopy Microdensitometer N-slit interferometric
N-slit_interferometer
Elastic interaction of x-rays with electrons
ways to map from experimental diffraction measurements to the positions of atoms. This article provides an overview of X-ray diffraction, starting with
X-ray_diffraction
Near-field diffraction
In optics, the Fresnel diffraction equation for near-field diffraction is an approximation of the Kirchhoff–Fresnel diffraction that can be applied to
Fresnel_diffraction
Equation
} which is the generalized diffraction grating equation. Here, θm is the angle of incidence, φm is the angle of diffraction, λ is the wavelength, and m
N-slit interferometric equation
N-slit_interferometric_equation
Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter
from the sample is called a diffraction pattern, see for instance Figure 1. Beyond patterns showing the directions of electrons, electron diffraction
Electron_diffraction
Diffraction pattern in optics
limited by the diffraction of light. The Airy disk is of importance in physics, optics, and astronomy. The diffraction pattern resulting from a uniformly
Airy_disk
Concept in quantum mechanics
each slit individually, then with both slits open. With either slit open there is a smooth intensity variation due to diffraction. When both slits are
Wave–particle_duality
Smooth curve outlining the extremes of an oscillating signal
_{0}}(\mathbf {r} )\ .} Diffraction patterns from multiple slits have envelopes determined by the single slit diffraction pattern. For a single slit the pattern is
Envelope_(waves)
Topics referred to by the same term
double-slit experiment Single slit diffraction, the experiment with a single slit This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Slit experiment
Slit experiment (disambiguation)
Slit_experiment_(disambiguation)
Optical device for selecting part of a spectrum
the phenomenon of optical dispersion in a prism, or that of diffraction using a diffraction grating, to spatially separate the colors of light. It usually
Monochromator
Fundamental principle of physics
the Michelson interferometer as an example of diffraction. Some of the important categories of diffraction relate to the interference that accompanies division
Superposition_principle
Physics demonstrations of light interference
are two very small holes or slits, which may be considered as centres of divergence, from whence the light is diffracted in every direction. In this case
Young's interference experiment
Young's_interference_experiment
Optical setup to obtain interference pattern by reflection
experiment, the individual slits display a diffraction pattern on top of which is overlaid interference fringes from the two slits (Fig. 2). In contrast,
Lloyd's_mirror
Distance over which a wave's shape repeats
light from the narrow slit into a broader image on the screen. This distribution of wave energy is called diffraction. Two types of diffraction are distinguished
Wavelength
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
Broglie hypothesis, diffraction was a property that was thought to be exhibited only by waves. Therefore, the presence of any diffraction effects by matter
Matter_wave
Type of diffraction grating used in spectrometers
other diffraction gratings, the echelle grating conceptually consists of a number of slits with widths close to the wavelength of the diffracted light
Echelle_grating
Single-electron double-slit experiment
similar to an optical biprism. Diffraction Electron holography Matter wave Rosa, R. (2012). "The Merli–Missiroli–Pozzi Two-Slit Electron-Interference Experiment"
Merli–Missiroli–Pozzi experiment
Merli–Missiroli–Pozzi_experiment
Instrument to measure the properties of visible light
wavelengths of light. Modern spectroscopes generally use a diffraction grating, a movable slit, and some kind of photodetector, all automated and controlled
Optical_spectrometer
Similar behavior of quantum systems to droplets bouncing on a fluid
small slits, a diffraction pattern appears on a screen far from the slits. Light has wave-like behavior, and interferes with itself through the slits, creating
Hydrodynamic_quantum_analogs
Telescope focusing device
slightly different angles. The diffraction pattern caused by the left hand slits will be in the form of an 'X'. The right hand slits will also form an 'X' shape
Carey_mask
Non-mathematical introduction
slits, producing an interference pattern of light and dark bands on a screen. The same behavior can be demonstrated in water waves: the double-slit experiment
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics
Proposal to test the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics
two slits A and B wider or narrower. If the slits are narrower, then counters should come into play which are higher up and lower down, seen from the
Popper's_experiment
Glass tank of water demonstrating the basic properties of waves
properties of waves, including reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction, can be demonstrated. Ripples may be generated by a piece of wood that
Ripple_tank
Historically important optical effect
of light could explain phenomena such as diffraction and interference. Today it is known that a diffraction pattern appears through the mosaic-like buildup
Arago_spot
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can produce
X-ray_crystallography
Method in astronomy
is an elongated, narrow slit. Light entering the slit is then refracted using a prism, diffraction grating, or grism. The dispersed light is typically
Long-slit_spectroscopy
Ability of any image-forming device to distinguish small details of an object
PMID 16549771. "Diffraction: Fraunhofer Diffraction at a Circular Aperture" (PDF). Melles Griot Optics Guide. Melles Griot. 2002. Archived from the original
Angular_resolution
Method of analysis applied to problems wave propagation
Fraunhofer diffraction Kirchhoff's diffraction formula Green's function Green's theorem Green's identities Near-field diffraction pattern Double-slit experiment
Huygens–Fresnel_principle
3D imaging device
Fresnel diffraction theory. From these simulations, the following can be deduced. If the slit width is small, light passing the slits is diffracted heavily
Parallax_barrier
Branch of physics that studies light
of situations such as diffraction through a single gap, diffraction through multiple slits, or diffraction through a diffraction grating that contains
Optics
Trajectory of a beam of accelerated particles
operation) slits and phosphor coating on the upstream side of the slit to assist with beam location. There are four main type of slits: Blade Slits, High Heat
Beamline
Laser physicist and author/editor
generalized N-slit interferometric equation that was then applied to describe classical optics phenomena such as interference, diffraction, refraction,
F._J._Duarte
Diffraction grating produced by interfering ultrasonic waves
liquid acts as a diffraction grating to a parallel beam of light passed through the liquid at right angles to the wave. The diffraction grating formed in
Ultrasonic_grating
Equivalence between complementary antenna types
beam and observe the diffraction pattern. Then observe the diffraction pattern when the laser is shone through a narrow slit. The slit can be made either
Babinet's_principle
Scientific field of study
diagrammatic representation of the double‑slit experiment, illustrating wave‑particle duality. Particles passing through two slits and impinging on a surface produce
Physics
Technique for the characterisation of crystalline materials
transfer Q, which is historically rarely used in powder diffraction but very common in all other diffraction and optics techniques. The relation is Q = 4 π sin
Rietveld_refinement
Measuring instrument used to study the structure of a material using subatomic particles
x-ray diffraction involves studying the surface of Mars to determine if it ever supported life. Crystallography International Centre for Diffraction Data
Diffractometer
Optical device used with a camera to create images
ultimately limited by diffraction, and very few photographic lenses approach this resolution. Ones that do are called "diffraction limited" and are usually
Camera_lens
Relation in quantum optics
the mathematical formulation of the double-slit experiment. The formulation is in terms of the diffraction and interference of waves. The culmination
Wave–particle duality relation
Wave–particle_duality_relation
Potential for two waves to interfere
interference patterns. For example, visibility of the double slit experiment pattern requires that both slits be illuminated by a coherent wave as illustrated in
Coherence_(physics)
Optical filter in fluorescence microscopy
with a narrow slit (for selection of the excitation light) and the use of holographic diffraction gratings, etc. [for beam diffraction of white laser
Excitation_filter
Anomalous diffraction at metallic gratings
of wave diffraction from a perfectly-conducting grating using Fourier series. He attributed this anomaly to the passing-off of a diffraction order, at
Wood's_anomaly
Lithography technique
image-forming light is subject to near-field diffraction as it propagates through the photoresist. Diffraction causes the image to lose contrast with increasing
Contact_lithography
Spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope
mode it can not be used in parallel. High-Contrast Slit Spectroscopy (SLIT) A set of 5 fixed slits are available in order to perform high contrast spectroscopic
NIRSpec
Used to measure spectral components of light
wavelengths of light are separated by refraction in a prism or by diffraction by a diffraction grating. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy is an example. These
Spectrometer
passed through a prism or diffraction grating to spread the light into a spectrum. The spectrum is then focused on another slit that allows only a narrow
Spectrohelioscope
Locus of points at equal phase in a wave
change the shape of optical wavefronts from planar to spherical, or vice versa. In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described by the Huygens–Fresnel
Wavefront
Recording to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
further in this article. A diffraction grating is a structure with a repeating pattern. A simple example is a metal plate with slits cut at regular intervals
Holography
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
interference is the double-slit experiment. In this experiment, matter waves from electrons, atoms or molecules approach a barrier with two slits in it. The part
Wave_interference
Experiment verifying the wave-particle duality of matter
experiments on electron diffraction. The reflection data fail to satisfy the Bragg relation for the same reason that the electron diffraction beams fail to coincide
Davisson–Germer_experiment
Particle accelerator designed to produce intense x-ray beams
needed] The advantages of using synchrotron radiation for spectroscopy and diffraction have been realized by an ever-growing scientific community, beginning
Synchrotron_light_source
Physics experiment in quantum mechanics
particle passing through the slits interferes with itself, and that therefore in some sense the particles are going through both slits at once. This is an idea
Delayed-choice_quantum_eraser
History of research by Augustin-Jean Fresnel
Concerning diffraction, the corpuscular theory did not yield quantitative predictions, while the wave theory had begun to do so by considering diffraction as
Fresnel's_physical_optics
German physicist (1930–2024)
traveling towards the slits, resulting in the familiar interference pattern. He observed interference fringes for up to five slits. Jönsson's original paper
Claus_Jönsson
Study of classical optics using Fourier transforms
patterns on reticles, a simple diffraction grating analysis may not provide the details of how light is diffracted from each reticle. Light can be described
Fourier_optics
Interferometer which uses the wave-like nature of atoms
microfabricated double slit by O. Carnal and Jürgen Mlynek in 1991, and an interferometer using three microfabricated diffraction gratings and Na atoms
Atom_interferometer
How much a beam expands as it travels
observed from optimized laser cavities. Information on the diffraction-limited divergence of a coherent beam is inherently given by the N-slit interferometric
Beam_divergence
Scottish woman
coming from the three slits at X, Y, and Z. This illuminated the prisms with the combination of the spectral colours created by the diffraction of the
Katherine_Clerk_Maxwell
sensor, making the device a spectrograph. Replacing the prism with a diffraction grating would result in a grating spectrometer. Optical gratings are
Prism_spectrometer
Characteristic of an optical system
The MTF tends to decrease with increasing spatial frequency from 1 to 0 (at the diffraction limit); however, the function is often not monotonic. On the
Optical_transfer_function
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
7271, 72711E (2009). "Double Diffraction Model of EUV Masks". 26 September 2021 – via www.youtube.com. "Double Diffraction in EUV Masks: Seeing Through
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography
diagnostics is the point diffraction interferometer (PDI), invented by Linnik in 1933. The reference beam is generated by diffraction from a small pinhole, about
Common-path_interferometer
2004 quantum mechanics experiment
sub-microscopic diffraction pattern created by the convergence of the beams before the slits; the result would have been the measuring of which slit was open
Afshar_experiment
Physical phenomenon
sources that provide neutron radiation of varying intensities. Neutron diffraction (elastic scattering) techniques are used for analyzing structures; where
Neutron_scattering
Emission of secondary X-rays from a material excited by high-energy X-rays
desirable characteristics of a diffraction crystal are:[citation needed] High diffraction intensity High dispersion Narrow diffracted peak width High peak-to-background
X-ray_fluorescence
Device used to focus light using diffraction
exhibiting wave character. Unlike lenses or curved mirrors, zone plates use diffraction instead of refraction or reflection. Based on analysis by French physicist
Zone_plate
interferometer (common path) Cyclic interferometer Diffraction-grating interferometer (white light) Double-slit interferometer Dual-polarization interferometry
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Technique to characterize materials using X-ray radiation
painstakingly produced numerous diamond-ruled glass diffraction gratings for their spectrometers. The law of diffraction of a crystal is called Bragg's law in their
X-ray_spectroscopy
Concept in Quantum mechanics
approach differs significantly from the Copenhagen approach in its view of diffraction. The Copenhagen interpretation of diffraction, especially in the viewpoint
Ensemble_interpretation
Image artifact in a lens system
appears. This artifact is formed by internal diffraction on the image sensor, which acts like a diffraction grating. Unlike true lens flare, this artifact
Lens_flare
Colour in living creatures caused by interference effects
also behave as a wave. He showed in 1803 that light could diffract from sharp edges or slits, creating interference patterns. In his 1892 book Animal Coloration
Structural_coloration
the old quantum theory, accounts for diffraction even by only two slits. More recently, two slit particle diffraction has been experimentally demonstrated
Duane's_hypothesis
electrons of particular kinetic energies are used to form the image or diffraction pattern. The technique can be used to aid chemical analysis of the sample
Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy
Energy_filtered_transmission_electron_microscopy
Branch of optics
deflected by an angle 2θ, producing a reflection spot in the diffraction pattern. X-ray diffraction is a form of elastic scattering in the forward direction;
X-ray_optics
Stresses which remain in a solid material after the original cause is removed
Synchrotron Diffraction - Requires a synchrotron but provide similarly useful data as eStress and the neutron diffraction methods. X-Ray Diffraction - a limited
Residual_stress
second diffraction grating to compensate time delays introduced to the pulse by the first grating and other dispersive optical elements. Diffraction gratings
Ultrafast_monochromator
Amplitude modulation – Amplitude – Beat – Chaos theory – Cyclic group – Diffraction – Doppler effect – Eigenstate – Eigenvalue – Fibonacci sequence – Fourier
List_of_cycles
Overview article
to understand interference and diffraction. Interference occurs when one or more wavefronts are superimposed. Diffraction occurs when a wavefront encounters
Physics_of_optical_holography
Non-destructive chromatography detector measuring UV or visible light absorption
a dispersion element that is a diffraction grating or prism, a flow cell, to where the sample arrives directly from the chromatographic column, an optical
UV_detectors
Series of public disputes between physicists Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein
non-zero only near one of the two slits. On the other hand, if every particle passes through only the slit b or the slit c, then the set of systems is the
Bohr–Einstein_debates
Measurement device
used for student laboratories to verify diffraction theories and test the Fraunhofer or Fresnel diffraction integral approximations. Other student laboratory
Laser_beam_profiler
Instrument used in astronomy
diffraction grating and a narrow slit that passes a single wavelength (a monochromator). The light is focused onto a photographic medium and the slit
Spectroheliograph
Interferometric arrangement
special relativity. Light reflected from the tilted beam splitter is made parallel using a lens and split by slits into two beams, which traverse a tube
Fizeau_interferometer
reflectance model Differential group delay Diffraction Diffraction grating Diffraction spike Diffractive optics Digital handheld refractometer Dispersion
Index_of_optics_articles
J. Chau (2010). "High-throughput diffraction-assisted surface-plasmon-polariton coupling by a super-wavelength slit". Optics Express. 18 (21): 21669–21677
Extraordinary optical transmission
Extraordinary_optical_transmission
structure on a metallic film with arrayed nano-slits, which have constant depth but variant widths. The slits transport electromagnetic energy in the form
Plasmonic_lens
Astronomical technique
spectroscopy is spectroscopy done without a small slit to allow only light from a small region to be diffracted. It works best in sparsely populated fields
Slitless_spectroscopy
Distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in focus in an image
blur may cause greater loss of sharpness than the loss from diffraction. However, diffraction is a greater issue in close-up photography, and the overall
Depth_of_field
Technique to analyze the infrared spectrum of matter
Measurements in the far infrared needed the development of accurately ruled diffraction gratings to replace the prisms as dispersing elements, since salt crystals
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy
Elementary particle with negative charge
diffraction (LEED) is a method of bombarding a crystalline material with a collimated beam of electrons and then observing the resulting diffraction patterns
Electron
X-ray imaging technique
Diffraction topography (short: "topography") is an imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction. Diffraction topographic images ("topographies") record
Diffraction_topography
Numerical solution method of computational electromagnetics
into matrix form A x = b {\displaystyle Ax=b} . The matrix A is derived from the wave equation operator, the column vector x contains the field components
Finite-difference frequency-domain method
Finite-difference_frequency-domain_method
Component of stress coplanar with a material cross section
two parallel slits forms a network of linearly diverging fringes that seem to originate from the plane of the two slits (see double-slit experiment).
Shear_stress
in optics, including geometric optics, physical optics, radiometry, diffraction, and interferometry. There are different forms of the Poynting vector
List_of_optics_equations
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
Surname or Lastname
Possibly an Americanized spelling of French Cobet, from a reduced pet form of the personal name Jacob.English
Possibly an Americanized spelling of French Cobet, from a reduced pet form of the personal name Jacob.English : unexplained. Compare Coby.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of Swedish Larsson, Danish and Norwegian Larsen.English
Americanized form of Swedish Larsson, Danish and Norwegian Larsen.English : patronymic from a pet form of Lawrence.
Surname or Lastname
Reduced form of Irish McCarley.English
Reduced form of Irish McCarley.English : habitational name from the hamlet of Carley in Lifton, Devon, possibly named with Cornish ker ‘fort’ + Old English lēah ‘woodland clearing’.Perhaps an Americanized form of German Kehrli or Kerle (see Kerley).
Boy/Male
Scottish
Crooked.
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : variant of Krom.English : possibly a variant of Croom.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of Italian Gervasio.English
Americanized form of Italian Gervasio.English : variant of Jarvis.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of Jewish Leykin (from Belarus), a metronymic from Leyke, a pet form of the Yiddish female personal name Leye, from the Hebrew female personal name Lea, from which English Leah is derived (see Genesis 29
Americanized spelling of Jewish Leykin (from Belarus), a metronymic from Leyke, a pet form of the Yiddish female personal name Leye, from the Hebrew female personal name Lea, from which English Leah is derived (see Genesis 29 : 16) + the Slavic possessive suffix -in.English : from a medieval personal name, a diminutive of Lawrence. Compare Law 1 and Larkin.
Surname or Lastname
Reduced form of Irish McCann.English
Reduced form of Irish McCann.English : habitational name from Cann, a place in Dorset, named from Old English canna ‘can’, used in the transferred sense of a deep valley, or a topographic name from the same word used elsewhere in southwestern England.Americanized spelling of Kann or Kahn.
Surname or Lastname
North German form of Backhaus.English
North German form of Backhaus.English : variant of Backus.
Surname or Lastname
English, from Welsh
English, from Welsh : from the Welsh personal name Caradog meaning ‘amiable’. A British bearer of this name is recorded in the Latin form Cara(c)tacus and remembered for his leadership of a revolt against the Roman occupation in the 1st century ad.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Frome.German : from a short form of a personal name composed with Middle High German vrom, vrum ‘valiant’, ‘steadfast’ (see Frommelt).
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of German Gehr.English
Americanized form of German Gehr.English : perhaps a variant of Geary 3.Hungarian : from a reduced form of the personal name Gergely, Latin Gregorius (see Gregory).
Surname or Lastname
North German form of Knoche.German
North German form of Knoche.German : possibly a habitational name from Knock near Emden.English : topographic name for someone living by a hill, from Middle English knocke ‘hill’ (Old English cnoc).
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (from Poland)
Jewish (from Poland) : Polish spelling of the occupational surname Mintzer ‘moneyer’.English : unexplained. Perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a butcher, a cook, or a warrior, from a derivative of Middle English mince(n) ‘to mince’, ‘to cut into small pieces’.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Blümle, from a pet form of Blum.English
Americanized spelling of German Blümle, from a pet form of Blum.English : variant spelling of Plumley.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places so called from the rivers on which they stand, or simply a name for someone living beside a river of this name, which is probably cognate with Welsh ffraw ‘fair’, ‘fine’, ‘brisk’. Compare Frampton.
Surname or Lastname
Spanish form of Basque Aldai, a habitational name from any of several places in the Basque country called Alday or Aldai, from Basque alde ‘side’, ‘slope’.Americanized form of German Aldag.English
Spanish form of Basque Aldai, a habitational name from any of several places in the Basque country called Alday or Aldai, from Basque alde ‘side’, ‘slope’.Americanized form of German Aldag.English : variant spelling of Allday.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Most Love
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of Geman Wehry.English
Americanized form of Geman Wehry.English : nickname from Middle English wery ‘wicked’, ‘acursed’ (from Old English wearg).
Surname or Lastname
Respelling of German Austel, from a pet form of August.English
Respelling of German Austel, from a pet form of August.English : possibly a variant of Astle. There is a place in Cornwall called St. Austell (from the dedication of its church to a certain St. Austol), but this is unlikely to be the source of the surname.
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
Boy/Male
Sikh
Absorbed in the light of God, Illuminated Love
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, Greek, Jamaican, Latin
Star; Esther; Stella; Inspiring
Girl/Female
American, Bengali, Christian, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Traditional
Goddess
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Blooming
Girl/Female
Hindu
Generous
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : unexplained. This name is common in GA and SC.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone concerned with books, generally a scribe or binder, from Middle English boker, Old English bÅcere, an agent derivative of bÅc ‘book’.English : variant of Bowker.Americanized form of German Bucher.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Awesome
Male
English
English name derived from an Irish county name, from Gaelic Tir Eoghain, TYRONE means "land of Owen."Â
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
DIFFRACTION FROM-SLITS
n.
A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.
n.
To provide with a form, as a hare. See Form, n., 9.
n.
The deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, causing the appearance of parallel bands or fringes of prismatic colors, as by the action of a grating of fine lines or bars.
n.
A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow.
n.
A state of being distracted; distraction.
n.
The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; infringement; as, an infraction of a treaty, compact, rule, or law.
n.
The type or other matter from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase.
n.
An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow.
n.
A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.
v. i.
To run to a form, as a hare.
prep.
From.
v. i.
To take a form, definite shape, or arrangement; as, the infantry should form in column.
n.
That assemblage or disposition of qualities which makes a conception, or that internal constitution which makes an existing thing to be what it is; -- called essential or substantial form, and contradistinguished from matter; hence, active or formative nature; law of being or activity; subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law.
prep.
Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the aritithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony.
superl.
Proceeding from, or indicating, madness; expressing distraction; prompted by infatuation, fury, or extreme rashness.
adv.
From; away; back or backward; -- now used only in opposition to the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is, to and from. See To and fro under To.
n.
Same as Diffraction.
n.
Agitation from violent emotions; perturbation of mind; despair.
a.
That produces diffraction.
n.
A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.