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Elastic interaction of x-rays with electrons
of the X-rays far from the sample is called a diffraction pattern. It is different from X-ray crystallography which exploits X-ray diffraction to determine
X-ray_diffraction
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can
X-ray_crystallography
Experimental method in X-ray diffraction
Powder diffraction is a scientific technique using X-ray, neutron, or electron diffraction on powder or microcrystalline samples for structural characterization
Powder_diffraction
Technique to investigate atomic structures using neutron scattering
to obtain a diffraction pattern that provides information of the structure of the material. The technique is similar to X-ray diffraction but, due to
Neutron_diffraction
Interference phenomenon of waves
diffraction Diffraction from slits Diffraction spike Diffraction vs. interference Diffractive solar sail Diffractometer Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction Fiber
Diffraction
Diffraction using small incidence angles
incidence diffraction (GID) is a technique for interrogating a material using small incidence angles for an incoming wave, often leading to the diffraction being
Grazing_incidence_diffraction
Multiple diffraction of waves
incidence diffraction X-ray standing waves neutron and X-ray interferometry. synchrotron crystal optics neutron and X-ray diffraction topography X-ray imaging
Dynamical theory of diffraction
Dynamical_theory_of_diffraction
Device for generating extremely high pressures
viewed through the diamonds and illuminated by X-rays and visible light. In this way, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence; optical absorption and photoluminescence;
Diamond_anvil_cell
Family of analytical techniques
"X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies" so 'diffraction' was clearly not restricted to crystals at that time. X-ray diffraction
X-ray_scattering_techniques
Lensless computational imaging method
image resolution. Coherent x-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI or CXD) uses x-rays (typically .5-4keV) to form a diffraction pattern which may be more attractive
Coherent_diffraction_imaging
Type of microscope that uses X-rays
coherent soft X-ray diffraction microscopy. In 2008, X-ray imaging of an unstained virus was demonstrated. A year later, X-ray diffraction was further applied
X-ray_microscope
New Zealand-born British biophysicist (1916–2004)
separation, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. He is most noted for initiating and leading early X-ray diffraction studies on DNA at King's College
Maurice_Wilkins
Scattering from arrays of atoms
periodic microscale lattices. Bragg diffraction (also referred to as the Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction) was first proposed by Lawrence Bragg
Bragg's_law
English physicist and biologist (1916–2004)
trying to obtain crystals of myoglobin for X-ray diffraction experiments. In 1952, Watson performed X-ray diffraction on tobacco mosaic virus and found results
Francis_Crick
Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) is an analytical technique for characterizing materials. It differs from conventional X-ray diffraction by using polychromatic
Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction
Energy-dispersive_X-ray_diffraction
Technique to characterize materials using X-ray radiation
used in microprobes (where X-ray microanalysis is the main task) and in XRF; it is widely used in the field of X-ray diffraction to calculate various data
X-ray_spectroscopy
Microscopy technique using X-rays
Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) is a microscopy technique using hard X-rays (with energy in the 30-100 keV range) to investigate the internal
Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction
Three-dimensional_X-ray_diffraction
Chemical compound
on the Wehnelt cylinders and apertures. LaB6 is also used as an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD or pXRD) peak position and line shape reference standard.
Lanthanum_hexaboride
Analytical methodology in spectroscopy
x-ray diffraction does not count as a spectroscopy method, it is often being used as an operando method in various fields, including catalysis. X-ray
Operando_spectroscopy
X-rays characteristic of specific elements
copper is frequently used as the primary source of X-ray radiation in lab-based X-ray diffraction (XRD) instruments. K-beta emissions, similar to K-alpha
Characteristic_X-ray
Particle data acquisition technique
X-ray diffraction computed tomography is an experimental technique that combines X-ray diffraction with the computed tomography data acquisition approach
X-ray diffraction computed tomography
X-ray_diffraction_computed_tomography
Emission of secondary X-rays from a material excited by high-energy X-rays
analysis, the fluorescent X-rays emitted by the sample are directed into a diffraction grating-based monochromator. The diffraction grating used is usually
X-ray_fluorescence
X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering is a powerful method in surface science, based on analysis of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) patterns from a
X-ray_crystal_truncation_rod
British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958)
Birkbeck College in 1953. Franklin is best known for her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA while at King's College London, particularly Photo 51
Rosalind_Franklin
Branch of optics
X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray
X-ray_optics
Formula in X-ray diffraction and crystallography
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening
Scherrer_equation
Scientific study of crystal structures
X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron diffraction. These three types of radiation interact with the specimen in different ways. X-rays interact
Crystallography
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
that DNA had a helical structure. This implied that DNA's X-ray diffraction pattern would be 'x shaped'. This prediction followed from the work of Cochran
Scientific_method
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction-based imaging technique
with nm-resolution using synchrotron X-ray diffraction-based imaging. The technique works by using scattered X-rays to create a high degree of contrast
Dark-field_X-ray_microscopy
Molecule that carries genetic information
presence of polyamines in solution. The first published reports of A-DNA X-ray diffraction patterns—and also B-DNA—used analyses based on Patterson functions
DNA
Technique in X-ray crystallography
In X-ray crystallography, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) or wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) is the analysis of Bragg peaks scattered to wide angles
Wide-angle_X-ray_scattering
International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) maintains a database of powder diffraction patterns, the Powder Diffraction File (PDF), including the
International Centre for Diffraction Data
International_Centre_for_Diffraction_Data
Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter
Fraunhofer diffraction). Electron diffraction is similar to x-ray and neutron diffraction. However, unlike x-ray and neutron diffraction where the simplest
Electron_diffraction
States of matter for water as a solid
structure is stable down to −268 °C (5 K; −450 °F), as evidenced by x-ray diffraction and extremely high resolution thermal expansion measurements. Ice
Phases_of_ice
Phenomenon in materials science
open air. The structure of only the stable crystal was determined by X-ray diffraction in a 1969 publication. The researchers failed to obtain the metastable
Disappearing_polymorph
37 characters which is the longest for any approved mineral. The X ray diffraction of potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfevsonite gave values of the chart above
Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite
Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite
British physicist (1926–2015)
of X-ray diffraction photography of DNA and obtained at the time the sharpest diffraction images of DNA. They produced the first X-ray diffraction photographs
Raymond_Gosling
Material placed in front of an X-ray source
image, do not limit radiation dose to the patient. X-ray filters are also used for X-ray diffraction, in determinations of the interatomic spaces of crystalline
X-ray_filter
X-ray imaging technique
in a non-ideal crystal lattice. X-ray diffraction topography is one variant of X-ray imaging, making use of diffraction contrast rather than absorption
Diffraction_topography
structure and chemical composition, often determined by clay mineral X-ray diffraction. Sometimes fine grain sediments are mistakenly described as clays;
Clay mineral X-ray diffraction
Clay_mineral_X-ray_diffraction
Properties and behavior of hydrated cations in aqueous solution
molecules in the second shell. Diffraction by neutrons also give a radial distribution function. In contrast to X-ray diffraction, neutrons are scattered by
Metal ions in aqueous solution
Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution
Spatial frequency of a wave
and the physics of wave scattering, such as X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, electron diffraction, and elementary particle physics. For quantum
Wavenumber
American biochemist and Nobel laureate (born 1964)
Berkeley National Laboratory for her experiments with high powered x-ray diffraction. In 2009, she took a leave of absence from Berkeley to work at Genentech
Jennifer_Doudna
Fine-grained aluminium phyllosilicates
minerals became better understood in the 1930s with advancements in the x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique indispensable to deciphering their crystal lattice
Clay_mineral
Specialized technique for electron diffraction
typically not suitable for X-ray diffraction because of their size. Crystals that are one billionth the size needed for X-ray crystallography can yield
Microcrystal electron diffraction
Microcrystal_electron_diffraction
Study of material structure and properties
Photoluminescence (PL) X-ray diffraction (XRD) Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDS) Wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Characterization (materials science)
Characterization_(materials_science)
Branch of physics
studied by Max von Laue and Paul Knipping, when they observed the X-ray diffraction pattern of crystals, and concluded that crystals get their structure
Condensed_matter_physics
American biologist (1928–2025)
to a meeting in Italy, where Watson saw Maurice Wilkins talk about X-ray diffraction data for DNA. Watson had become firmly convinced that DNA possessed
James_Watson
Artificial radioisotope of iron
only X-rays and Auger electrons. It is sometimes used as an X-ray source for various scientific analysis methods, such as X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence
Iron-55
Synthetic pigment
product was traditionally named Turnbull's blue (TB). X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction methods have shown, though, that the structures of PB
Prussian_blue
Measurement of X-ray absorption of a material as a function of energy
to more standard x-ray diffraction techniques, and particularly useful for materials under non-standard conditions. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
Extended_X-ray_absorption_fine_structure
Scattering angles are small and diffraction directed forward allows for simple detector setups. High energy (megavolt) X-rays are also used in cancer therapy
High-energy_X-rays
Austrian-American chemist
for his contributions to the development of polymer science. Mark's X-ray diffraction work on the molecular structure of fibers provided important evidence
Herman_Francis_Mark
German crystallographer and physicist (1888–1985)
1985) was a German crystallographer and physicist, a pioneer of X-ray diffraction methods. Ewald received his early education in the classics at the
Paul_Peter_Ewald
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
"Field deployment of a portable X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence instrument on Mars analog terrain". Powder Diffraction. 20 (2): 128–133. Bibcode:2005PDiff
Curiosity_(rover)
Particle accelerator designed to produce intense x-ray beams
include energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, and magnetic scattering.[citation needed] X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Synchrotron_light_source
Study of solid materials' properties and composition
electron diffraction can be coupled with TEM or SEM to investigate the level of crystallinity and the lattice parameters of a sample. X-ray diffraction is also
Solid-state_chemistry
American physicist
science, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence imaging, cell imaging, and nano-materials. Much of his work involved methods to go from diffraction data to atomic
Dilano_Saldin
Study of metals using microscopy
Characterization of microstructures has also been performed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques for many years. XRD can be used to determine the
Metallography
1953 scientific paper on DNA
describe the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, using X-ray diffraction and the mathematics of a helix transform. It was published by Francis
Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Molecular_Structure_of_Nucleic_Acids:_A_Structure_for_Deoxyribose_Nucleic_Acid
Small angle deflection of waves
dominates, in particular for electron diffraction and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. In these the relevant waves are transmitted
Forward_scatter
Subarea of scattering in physics
Fiber diffraction is a subarea of scattering, an area in which molecular structure is determined from scattering data (usually of X-rays, electrons or
Fiber_diffraction
Type of laser
radiation include coherent diffraction imaging, research into dense plasmas (not transparent to visible radiation), X-ray microscopy[citation needed]
X-ray_laser
Measuring instrument used to study the structure of a material using subatomic particles
Neutron diffraction Spallation Neutron Source X-ray crystallography X-ray diffraction Synchrotron Stanjek, H.; Häusler, W. (2004-06-01). "Basics of X-ray Diffraction"
Diffractometer
processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. Ultrafast X-ray diffraction (time-resolved X-ray diffraction) can surpass ultrashortpulse visible techniques, which
Ultrafast_X-ray
Partial alignment of polymer molecular chains
with known crystallization degree. X-ray diffraction Regular arrangement of atoms and molecules produce sharp diffraction peaks whereas amorphous regions
Crystallization_of_polymers
of X-ray photons by a crystal lattice. Duane showed that such a model gives the same scattering angles as the ones calculated via a wave diffraction model
Duane's_hypothesis
Fine regolith found on the surface of Mars
surface. On October 17, 2012 (Curiosity rover at "Rocknest"), the first X-ray diffraction analysis of Martian regolith was performed. The results revealed the
Martian_regolith
Apparatus used for high pressure and high temperature deformation experiments
determination of stress is made utilizing data gathered from in-situ [x-ray diffraction]. Diffraction data is used to determine the d-spacing of certain crystallographic
D-DIA
Technique for the characterisation of crystalline materials
in the characterisation of crystalline materials. The neutron and X-ray diffraction of powder samples results in a pattern characterised by reflections
Rietveld_refinement
structure of parascorodite was determined using X-ray powder diffraction. Using the X-ray diffraction data (in the table below), the parascorodite unit
Parascorodite
Iron ore mineral
It was one of the first crystal structures to be obtained using X-ray diffraction. It has an inverse spinel structure, with O2- ions forming a face-centered
Magnetite
Thin layer of material
films. X-ray diffraction is a powerful non-destructive technique for strain measurement in crystalline thin films. Accurate measurements of diffraction peak
Thin_film
English biochemist
an English physicist and molecular biologist who made pioneering X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules. His work on keratin provided the
William_Astbury
Emission of secondary X-rays from a material excited by high-energy X-rays
with the equation that describes X-ray/neutron diffraction when those particles pass a crystal lattice.(X-ray diffraction) For this purpose, "perfect crystals"
X-ray_emission_spectroscopy
Single scattering diffraction
Kinematic diffraction is an approximation for diffraction of waves. It assumes that the waves are only scattered once, neglecting multiple scattering
Kinematic_diffraction
Nickel phyllosilicate of the serpentine group
chlorite, and Ni-Mg silicates, with or without alumina, that have X-ray diffraction patterns typical of serpentine, talc, sepiolite, chlorite, vermiculite
Garnierite
slit. 1912 - Max von Laue discovered diffraction patterns from crystals in an X-ray beam. 1912 - Bragg diffraction, expressed through Bragg's law, is first
Timeline_of_crystallography
Branch of petrology focusing on detailed descriptions of rocks
Individual mineral grains from a rock sample may also be analyzed by X-ray diffraction when optical means are insufficient. Analysis of microscopic fluid
Petrography
Hungarian-British polymath (1891–1976)
science included chemical kinetics, x-ray diffraction, and adsorption of gases. He pioneered the theory of fibre diffraction analysis in 1921, and the dislocation
Michael_Polanyi
International open access database of large biological molecules
structures are determined by X-ray diffraction, but about 7% of structures are determined by protein NMR. When using X-ray diffraction, approximations of the
Protein_Data_Bank
1952 X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA
Photo 51 is a 1952 X-ray based fiber diffraction image of a paracrystalline gel composed of DNA fiber taken by Rosalind Franklin's PhD student Raymond
Photo_51
Method used to apply surface coatings
magnetism. X-ray diffraction methods are useful techniques to analyze thin films. X-ray diffraction methods such as Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction can be
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Solid material with highly ordered microscopic structure
with ordinary crystals, such as displaying a discrete pattern in x-ray diffraction, and the ability to form shapes with smooth, flat faces. Quasicrystals
Crystal
Dose limit in X-ray crystallography studies
The Henderson limit is the X-ray dose (energy per unit mass) a cryo-cooled crystal can absorb before the diffraction pattern decays to half of its original
Henderson_limit
3D conformation of a biological sequence, like DNA, RNA, proteins
1107/s0567739478001540. "Bessel functions and diffraction by helical structures". planetphysics.org.[permanent dead link] "X-Ray Diffraction Patterns of Double-Helical Deoxyribonucleic
Biomolecular_structure
Lithuanian-French engineer (1904–1973)
and clay science, in graphite studies, and in the applications of X-ray diffraction and electron-optical methods to these. Mering earned a Diplôme d'Ingénieur
Jacques_Mering
American X-ray crystallographer
direct methods for protein crystallography and of diffraction microscopy (also called coherent diffraction imaging). While working at IBM he was part of the
David_Sayre
calculated by dynamical diffraction theory, is extremely small (on the order of 0.001° under conventional X-ray diffraction conditions). Crystal defects
X-ray_standing_waves
Instrument
cobalt X-ray tube, a transmission sample cell and an energy-discriminating X-ray-sensitive CCD to produce simultaneous 2-D X-ray diffraction patterns
CheMin
Australian feldspar with geometric inclusions
lattice sunstone were studied using electron microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and laser Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the host
Rainbow_lattice_sunstone
Energy conservation during diffraction by atoms
neutron, and x-ray diffraction which shows the relationship between: the wavevector of the incident and diffracted beams, the diffraction angle for a given
Ewald's_sphere
French physicist (1911–2000)
work in the field of X-ray diffraction and solid-state physics. He was credited for the discovery and developments of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
André_Guinier
Japanese X-ray equipment manufacturer
instrumentation specializing in X-ray related technologies, including X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity, X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
Rigaku
Distribution of crystallographic orientations in a polycrystalline material
Laue photography, simple X-ray diffraction or with a polarized microscope. Neutron and synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction are suitable for determining
Crystallographic_texture
Association of atoms to form chemical compounds
shorter distances between them, as measured via such techniques as X-ray diffraction. Ionic crystals may contain a mixture of covalent and ionic species
Chemical_bond
Chemical compound (OH–)
around their symmetry axes and, therefore, cannot be detected by X-ray diffraction. The room-temperature form of NaOH has the thallium iodide structure
Hydroxide
Iron oxyhydroxide mineral
exists as a fine grained and highly defective nanomaterial. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of Fh contains two scattering bands in its most disordered
Ferrihydrite
Form of electromagnetic radiation
to X-rays for imaging applications. Other notable uses of X-rays include: X-ray crystallography in which the pattern produced by the diffraction of X-rays
X-ray
Scanning electron microscopy technique
drilling, monochromatic or polychromatic energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction (ND). EBSD has a high spatial resolution and is relatively
Electron backscatter diffraction
Electron_backscatter_diffraction
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Ray, RAE means "wise protector."Â
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 2' Lord Say.
Male
English
Short form of English Raymond, RAY means "wise protector."
Girl/Female
Scandinavian American
Doe.
Male
Scandinavian
 Variant spelling of Scandinavian Kai, CAY means "lord." Compare with another form of Cay.
Female
English
English name, possibly derived from the vocabulary word ray, RAE means "sunbeam."
Male
Hebrew
 Variant spelling of Hebrew Rav, RAB means "great" or "teacher." Compare with another form of Rab.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, GAY means "happy." Compare with masculine Gay.
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Latin, Malayalam, Marathi, Scottish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu
Regal; Counsellor; Abbreviation of Raymond; Advice; Beam of Light; Grace; Well Advised Protector; Wise Protector; Dear Brook; Abbreviation of R
Girl/Female
American, German, Hebrew, Latin, Scandinavian
Female Sheep; Ewe; Nickname of Rachel
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname denoting someone who behaved in a regal fashion or who had earned the title in some contest of skill or by presiding over festivities, from Old French rey, roy ‘king’. Occasionally this was used as a personal name.English : nickname for a timid person, from Middle English ray ‘female roe deer’ or northern Middle English ray ‘roebuck’.English : variant of Rye (1 and 2).English : habitational name, a variant spelling of Wray.Scottish : reduced and altered form of McRae.French : from a noun derivative of Old French raier ‘to gush, stream, or pour’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived near a spring or rushing stream, or a habitational name from a place called Ray.Indian : variant of Rai.
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian
Sunshine; Bright; Day
Female
Hebrew
(רֵעַ) Hebrew name RAYA means "friend." Compare with another form of Raya.
Boy/Male
English Teutonic Biblical Sanskrit
Ram.
Female
English
 English name derived from the vocabulary word, DAY means "day." Feminine form of Middle English Daye, meaning "day."
Boy/Male
Scottish American Latin French German English
Grace.
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Lord Ram
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Ray 1–4.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German
Gray-haired
Boy/Male
Hindu
Beam of light
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Tsadowq, ZADOK means "just, righteous." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including a high priest of Israel.
Girl/Female
Greek French
Violet flower.
Girl/Female
Dutch, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Swedish
God has Shown Favor; Grace; God is Gracious
Girl/Female
Hindu
Bright
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
From Scotland
Girl/Female
Anglo Saxon English
Happy.
Boy/Male
African, American, Arabic, Australian, Chinese, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Swahili
Brave; Strong Hearted; Courageous; Fearless
Male
Russian
 Yiddish name LEV means "lion." In use by the Russians. Compare with other forms of Lev.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Armlet
Girl/Female
German Swedish Celtic
Intelligent.
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
X RAY-DIFFRACTION
v. i.
To take a position; to come or go; as, to lay forward; to lay aloft.
n.
One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under Light.
n.
A symbol representing ten units, as 10, x, or X.
superl.
Not tanned; as, raw hides
n.
A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray.
adv.
Crosswise; in the form of an X.
n.
One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray.
superl.
Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.
a.
Of or pertaining to the laity, as distinct from the clergy; as, a lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother.
n.
One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays.
n.
A species of armadillo of the genus Xenurus (X. unicinctus and X. hispidus); the tatouay.
n.
Length of space; distance; interval; as, a great way; a long way.
superl.
Not distilled; as, raw water
n.
Right of way. See below.
v. i.
To lay snares for rabbits.
n.
The merrymaking of May Day.
v. i.
To shine, as with rays.
n.
In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate.
n.
Faith; as, by my fay.
n.
To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles.