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Chemical process of joining two molecular entities by bonds of any kind
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds. The resulting bonds can be either strong or
Dimerization
Reaction in organic chemistr
Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene. This reaction
Carbene_dimerization
The telomerization is the linear dimerization of 1,3-dienes with simultaneous addition of a nucleophile in a catalytic reaction. The reaction was independently
Telomerization_(dimerization)
Macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules
protein NEMO. Some proteins contain specialized domains to ensure dimerization (dimerization domains) and specificity. The G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors
Protein_dimer
dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent
Chemically induced dimerization
Chemically_induced_dimerization
Chemical process
produced within the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) whose dimerization produces the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. The precursor
Dimerization of catharanthine and vindoline
Dimerization_of_catharanthine_and_vindoline
Type of DNA damage
(64PPs), their Dewar valence isomers, and the spore photoproduct (SP). Dimerization may proceed via a direct mechanism, in which UV radiation is absorbed
Pyrimidine_dimer
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Jun dimerization protein 2 (JUNDM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JDP2 gene. The Jun dimerization protein is a member of the AP-1 family
Jun_dimerization_protein_2
Key enzyme of photosynthesis involved in carbon fixation
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme (EC 4.1.1.39)
RuBisCO
Chemical compound
colorless liquid. Together with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene it can be produced by dimerization of propylene. It is a precursor to the commercial fragrance tonalide
2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene
Organic reaction which inserts an alkene into a C-H bond of ethylene
{red}{\ce {H -}}}{\ce {CH2-CH(Ph)}}{\color {red}{\ce {-CH=CH2}}}} The dimerization of ethylene which gives 1-butene is another example of a hydrovinylation
Hydrovinylation
Organic molecule containing two or more fused cyclobutane rings
result of the initial dimerization of two cyclobutadienes which preferably forms the syn product, shown below. The further dimerization only produces the
Ladderane
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
MAX dimerization protein MGA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MGA gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174197 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
MAX_dimerization_protein_MGA
Organic compound of the form >C=C=O
are normally performed in nonpolar media to prevent dimerization.[citation needed] Dimerization of stearic ketene affords alkyl ketene dimers, widely
Ketene
Facility that processes crude oil
to form isooctane. There are also other uses for dimerization. Gasoline produced through dimerization is highly unsaturated and very reactive. It tends
Oil_refinery
Reaction impacting chemical bonds
interact less, and there is a lower thermodynamic drive for dimerization. In the dimerization reactions, the diene and dienophile were equally electron
Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction
Inverse_electron-demand_Diels–Alder_reaction
DNA-binding structural motif
alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. Leucine zippers are a dimerization motif of the bZIP (Basic-region leucine zipper) class
Leucine_zipper
Dimer for protein manipulation
chemically induced dimerization applications. FK1012 is a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) which makes the protein capable of dimerization or oligomerization
FK1012
RNA family
the primary dimer initiation site (DIS) as it is believed to promote dimerization of the viral genome through formation of a "kissing dimer" intermediate
Retroviral psi packaging element
Retroviral_psi_packaging_element
Simple model of topological insulator
the chain is clearly an insulator as the chain is broken into dimers (dimerized). However one of the two cases would consist of N / 2 {\displaystyle N/2}
Su–Schrieffer–Heeger_model
Enzyme
In enzymology, catechol oxidase (dimerizing) (EC 1.1.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Four catechol 3 O2 6 H2O 3 O2 6 H2O Two
Catechol_oxidase_(dimerizing)
Chemical compound
use of peroxydisulfuric acid gives rise to 1,4‑benzoxazine compounds. Dimerization of isatin with KBH4 in methanol yields Indirubin. This represents the
Isatin
Chemical compound
petrochemical, produced by the catalytic cracking of crude oil or the dimerization of ethylene. Its main uses are in the production of high-octane gasoline
2-Butene
Protein
members of the same subfamily having very similar NR dimerization partners and the underlying dimerization network has certain topological features, such as
Nuclear_receptor
similar physical properties. These compounds arise via the acid catalyzed dimerization of isobutene, a reaction that proceeds via the carbocation (CH3)3C+.
Diisobutene
Mammalian protein found in humans
that ADAR1 dimerization occurs specifically through its third double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD3), and importantly, this dimerization is RNA-independent
ADAR
Main-group allene analog
phosphaallenes quickly dimerize in a [2+2]- or [2+3]-cycloaddition to yield four- or five-membered rings. Thus, in order to prevent dimerization, a bulky moiety
1-Phosphaallenes
Chemical compound
overnight to allow dimerization to anemonin. The findings of an investigation by Kataoka and colleagues in 1965 implied that this dimerization may be mediated
Anemonin
Chemical compound
HBX3− + (BH3) (X=F, Cl, Br, I) 2 BH3 → B2H6 The standard enthalpy of dimerization of BH3 is estimated to be −170 kJ mol−1. The boron atom in BH3 has 6
Borane
Property of conjugated systems with 4n delocalized electrons
1063/1.2748049. PMID 17655439. Yi, Li; K. N. Houk (July 2001). "The Dimerization of Cyclobutadiene. An ab Initio CASSCF Theoretical Study". Journal of
Antiaromaticity
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Dimer, dimer, dimerization, dimeric, or dimerous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Dimer may refer to: Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure
Dimer
Small molecule chemical linker
(2014-11-17). "Localized light-induced protein dimerization in living cells using a photocaged dimerizer". Nature Communications. 5 (1): 5475. doi:10.1038/ncomms6475
TMP-HTag
Chemical compound
to less-substituted cyclopentadiene derivatives, Cp*H is not prone to dimerization. Pentamethylcyclopentadiene is commercially available. It was first prepared
Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
Chemical compound
Paquette's 1982 synthesis of dodecahedrane. The first step involved reductive dimerization of the molecule to give dihydrofulvalene, not simple addition to give
Cyclopentadiene
Sub-discipline of chemistry
is involved in retinal, a component of the machinery of vision. The dimerization of alkenes is relevant to the photodamage of DNA, where thymine dimers
Photochemistry
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ontology Molecular function transcription coactivator activity protein dimerization activity protein binding enzyme binding oxidoreductase activity Cellular
WWOX
Organic compound with formula (CH2CO)2
by dimerization of ketene. Heating or irradiation with UV light regenerates the ketene monomer: (C2H2O)2 ⇌ 2 CH2CO Alkylated ketenes also dimerize with
Diketene
Chemical compound
or two other molecules of butadiene, i.e., dimerization and trimerization respectively. Via dimerization butadiene is converted to 4-vinylcyclohexene
Butadiene
Protein complex
The dimerization partner, RB-like, E2F and multi-vulval class B (DREAM) complex is a protein complex responsible for the regulation of cell cycle-dependent
DREAM_complex
Divalent organolead(II) analogues of carbenes
block this dimerization mode. Due to decreasing dimerization energy down Group 14, while monohalogenated stannylenes and plumbylenes dimerize via the halogen-bridging
Plumbylene
Class of pharmaceutical drug
in vivo clearance by CYP3A4 ALK-001 (d3-vitamin A) Phase 3 Slows the dimerization rate of vitamin A AVP-786 (d6-dextromethorphan) Phase 3 Reduces formation
Deuterated_drug
Chemical compound
sunscreen and as an antimicrobial agent. It is derived from the oxidative dimerization of homogentisic acid. It has been both widely and falsely reported that
Hipposudoric_acid
Pharmaceutical drug
called a "epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) dimerization inhibitor" — it inhibits the dimerization of HER2 with other HER receptors, which prevents
Pertuzumab
Chemical compound
Niemetz, Ruth (2003). "Ellagitannin biosynthesis: laccase-catalyzed dimerization of tellimagrandin II to cornusiin E in Tellima grandiflora". Phytochemistry
Tellimagrandin_II
Class of enzymes
systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (tubulin-dimerizing). Katanin McNally FJ, Vale RD (1993). "Identification of katanin, an ATPase
Microtubule-severing_ATPase
Class of enzymes
to the extracellular domain of an RTK, its dimerization is triggered with other adjacent RTKs. Dimerization leads to a rapid activation of the protein's
Receptor_tyrosine_kinase
Industrially relevant enzyme
nucleotide-binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain joined by a long interdomain α-helix. Each protomer's α-helical dimerization domain wraps around the interdomain
Imine_reductase
Chemical compound
Alder and coworker, the structure was deduced in 1931. The spontaneous dimerization of neat cyclopentadiene at room temperature to form dicyclopentadiene
Dicyclopentadiene
Chemical reaction
the proline-catalyzed dimerization of alpha-oxyaldehydes followed by tandem Mukaiyama aldol cyclization. The aldol dimerization of alpha-oxyaldehydes
Aldol_reaction
Marker on immune cells
C181, the last residue of the stalk region in CD8A, is critical for the dimerization, since it forms an inter-subunit disulfide bond. In CD8αα dimers, it
CD8
Chemical compound
explosives (4,4'-Dinitro-3,3'-diazenofuroxan). Furoxanes can be formed by dimerization of nitrile oxides. Clara Cena; Massimo Bertinaria; Donatella Boschi;
Furoxan
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein dimerization activity Cellular component nucleolus nucleoplasm cytoplasm nucleus PML
Sp100_nuclear_antigen
Study of magnesium compounds in chemistry
General scheme of dimerization of Grignard reagents and Schlenk equilibrium
Organomagnesium_chemistry
Chemical compound
are replaced with C–F bonds. Octafluorocyclobutane is produced by the dimerization of tetrafluoroethylene and the reductive coupling of 1,2-dichloro-1,1
Octafluorocyclobutane
Chemical compound
thought to be synthesized by the PR-10 protein Hyp-1 through emodin dimerization, but despite confirming Hyp-1’s structure and ligand-binding capability
Hypericin
Pharmaceutical compound
byproducts resulting from the dimerization of vitamin A. Gildeuretinol is new molecular entity designed to reduce the dimerization of vitamin A in the eye without
Gildeuretinol
Characteristic temperature for a substance
increases the normal boiling point of the compound. Simple carboxylic acids dimerize by forming hydrogen bonds between molecules. A minor factor affecting boiling
Boiling_point
Component of the innate immune system
contains four trans-membrane domains. Its C-terminal domain contains the dimerization domain, the cyclic dinucleotide interaction domain, as well as a domain
CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway
CGAS–STING_cytosolic_DNA_sensing_pathway
Chemical compound
produced by separation from crude C4 refinery streams and by ethylene dimerization. The former affords a mixture of 1-and 2-butenes, while the latter affords
1-Butene
Cellular stress response
uncharged/deacylated tRNA which causes a conformational change, resulting in dimerization. Dimerization then causes autophosphorylation and activation. Other stressors
Integrated_stress_response
Type of carbene demonstrating particular stability
aromatic resonance or steric shielding. Acid catalyzes the carbene-like dimerization that some persistent carbenes undergo over the course of days. Persistent
Persistent_carbene
Chemical reaction involving the formation of sugars from formaldehyde
disproportionation of formaldehyde (to methanol and formate) occurs. The initial dimerization of formaldehyde to give glycolaldehyde (1) occurs via an unknown mechanism
Formose_reaction
Chemical compound
Although the cyclobutadiene derivative is stable (with respect to dimerization), it decomposes upon contact with O2. Cyclobutadiene was also synthesized
Cyclobutadiene
Chemical compound
conditions, by cycloreversion processes. They are also prone to rapid dimerization, acting as dienes or dienophiles in cycloaddition reactions. Benzo-fused
Azete
(Figure 5, right-side). Dioxygen induces dimerization for complexes shown in Figure 6. The O2-induced dimerization follows a radical mechanism, whereas H-atom
Iron_arene_complexes
Chemical compound
prone to dimerization, especially as a free base isolated from plant matter. These dimers are pharmacologically inactive, and the rapid dimerization reduces
Cathinone
Protein domain
D-domain (Dimerization domain) is found in the upstream of the F-box domain, which is a conserved dimerization motif located in WD40 repeat F box proteins
D_domain
Medical condition
encoded in the hinge region of the AR gene. Homodimerization occurs. Dimerization is mediated by the second (nearest the 3' end) zinc finger. DNA binding
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome
Enzyme found in humans
inactive monomers within the cell, their activation relies on dimerization. This dimerization occurs when initiator caspases are recruited to large protein
Caspase_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein particles dimerize by salt bridge interactions taking place in Staufen-swapping motif (SSM) and dsRBD5. This dimerization is reported to be crucial
STAU1
Gene of the species Homo sapiens
component of the apical plaques of mammalian urothelium that binds and dimerizes with uroplakin-1b (UPK1B; MIM 602380), one of the major conserved urothelium
UPK3B
Life arising from non-living matter
The Breslow catalytic cycle for formaldehyde dimerization and C2-C6 sugar formation
Abiogenesis
Class of chemical compounds
alkylidene group when dimerizing in a [2+2] photocycloadditions. Staudinger's insight was complicated by dependence of the dimerization on substituents. The
Alkyl_ketene_dimer
Chemical compound
presence of acid catalysts. It can also be produced from isobutylene by dimerization using an Amberlyst catalyst to produce a mixture of iso-octenes. Hydrogenation
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
direction that the O2 operator faces when the DNA is looped and prevents dimerization of the O2 bound AraC with the bound I1 araC. The PBAD promoter allows
PBAD_promoter
Protein family
In molecular biology, transcription factor DP (Dimerization Partner) is a family of proteins which function as transcription factors. DP forms a heterodimer
Transcription_factor_DP
Chemical compound
"One-Pot Synthesis Benzils from Aldehydes Via NHC-Catalyzed Benzoin Dimerization Under Metal-Free Conditions in Water". Journal of the Chilean Chemical
Benzil
Organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO
specifically to 3-hydroxybutanal. It is formally the product of the dimerization of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). A thick colorless or pale-yellow liquid, it
3-Hydroxybutanal
Enzyme in humans
More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function protein dimerization activity protein homodimerization activity endopeptidase activity protease
Fibroblast activation protein, alpha
Fibroblast_activation_protein,_alpha
Chemical compound
aspartame via enzyme-catalysed amination with phenylalanine. Cinnamic acid can dimerize in non-polar solvents resulting in different linear free energy relationships
Cinnamic_acid
Enzyme
forms a salt bridge with arginine and a hydrogen bond with glutamine. Dimerization is essential to maintaining function as the active site is found at this
Glutamate_decarboxylase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expression data Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA-binding transcription
TFEB
Protein found in humans
ErbB3 that causes the protrusion of the dimerization loop in subdomain II, activating the protein for dimerization. ErbB3 has been shown to bind the ligands
ERBB3
Protein found in humans
(FSL-1). After ligand recognition, TLR6 receptor dimerizes with TLR2. Ligand-mediated dimerization is crucial for recruiting the adaptor proteins, which
Toll-like_receptor_6
Chemical compound
ClCF2−CFCl(I) The latter is a precursor to hexafluorobutadiene. Thermal dimerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene gives 1,2-dichloro-1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutane
Chlorotrifluoroethylene
Chemical compound
electrochemical hydrodimerisation or by catalytic dimerization of acrylonitrile. A catalytic tail-tail dimerization of two acrylonitrile molecules forms hexanedinitrile:
2-Methyleneglutaronitrile
Chemical compound
tendency to form dimers in solution, especially in the presence of oxygen. Dimerization greatly lowers the efficiency of subsequent coupling reactions such as
Dithiothreitol
Treatment of cancer using drugs that inhibit cell division or kill cells
P, Delic J, Cros S, Paoletti C (1988). "Heterocyclic quinones XIII. Dimerization in the series of 5,8-quinazolinediones: Synthesis and anti tumor effects
Chemotherapy
Biological process
their high degree of toxicity to proliferating cells.[citation needed] Dimerization consists of the bonding of two monomers to form an oligomer, such as
Mutagenesis
Chemical compound
produced by hydroformylation of octenes. Isomeric octenes are produced by dimerization of butenes. These alcohol mixtures are used as solvents in paints and
Isononyl_alcohol
Chemical reaction producing oligomers with two distinct end groups
groups, and n is the degree of polymerization. One example is the coupled dimerization and hydroesterification of buta-1,3-diene. This step produces a doubly
Telomerization
Chemical propellant and refrigerant
tetrafluoroethylene. This conversion involves pyrolysis to give difluorocarbene, which dimerizes: 2 CHClF2 → C2F4 + 2 HCl The compound also yields difluorocarbene upon
Chlorodifluoromethane
Polyphenol with a stilbene skeleton
6b05212. PMID 28168876. Cichewicz RH, Kouzi SA, Hamann MT (January 2000). "Dimerization of resveratrol by the grapevine pathogen Botrytis cinerea". Journal of
Resveratrol
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
oxidoreductase activity catalytic activity pyridoxal phosphate binding protein dimerization activity glycine binding glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
Glycine_dehydrogenase_(decarboxylating)
Protein that stimulates red blood cell production
"An antagonist peptide-EPO receptor complex suggests that receptor dimerization is not sufficient for activation". Nature Structural Biology. 5 (11):
Erythropoietin
Chemical compound
soluble in most organic solvents. It is prepared by the base-catalysed dimerization of diketene. Commonly used organic bases include imidazole, DABCO, and
Dehydroacetic_acid
Protein found in humans
usually an inactive monomer inhibited by ICAD. This is cleaved before dimerization. Apoptosis is a cell self-destruct process that removes toxic and/or
Caspase-activated_DNase
Chemical compound
irradiation: CF2=CF−CF=CF2 + 2 Br2 → CF2Br−CFBr−CFBr−CF2Br Hexafluorobutadiene dimerizes via a [2+2] process at 150 °C to give perfluorinated divinylcyclobutanes
Hexafluorobutadiene
Chemical compound
It contains a bicyclic aromatic chromophore that is attached to the dimerized cyclic peptide core and a thioacetal bridge. It intercalates into DNA
Echinomycin
Laboratory technique to multiply a DNA sample for study
Bloch W (April 1992). "Prevention of pre-PCR mis-priming and primer dimerization improves low-copy-number amplifications". Nucleic Acids Research. 20
Polymerase_chain_reaction
DIMERIZATION
DIMERIZATION
DIMERIZATION
DIMERIZATION
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Famous
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Victory of Everyone; Victory of Forest
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Divine Approval of God
Girl/Female
Biblical
Taking away, heaping up.
Boy/Male
Indian
Wild God
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Earth
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Reynold.Christopher Reynolds of Gravesend, Kent, England, arrived in America sometime before his marriage in 1644 in Isle of Wight Co., VA.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Oriya, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Indian
One who does much prostrations
Boy/Male
Hindu
Perfect, Complete, Godly
DIMERIZATION
DIMERIZATION
DIMERIZATION
DIMERIZATION
DIMERIZATION