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Deviation from rectilinear projection (optics)
In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image
Distortion_(optics)
Alteration of the original shape of a signal
physical distortions) asymmetrically proportioned in a way that is not possible in standard perspective. In optics, image/optical distortion is a divergence
Distortion
Technique used in optical systems
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes
Adaptive_optics
Failure of a lens to focus all colors on the same point
In optics, chromatic aberration (CA), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to
Chromatic_aberration
Topics referred to by the same term
waveform. Distortion may also refer to: Distortion (optics), including "barrel distortion" and "pincushion distortion" Perspective distortion Cognitive
Distortion_(disambiguation)
Shaping technology for reflecting telescopes
mid-1990s. Active optics is not to be confused with adaptive optics, which operates at a shorter timescale and corrects atmospheric distortions. Most modern
Active_optics
Topics referred to by the same term
with less perspective distortion, or editing photographs to counteract it Perspective correction in texture mapping Distortion (optics) This disambiguation
Perspective_correction
Form of graphical projection where the projection lines converge to one or more points
skenographia, so this art was not confined merely to the stage. Euclid in his Optics (c. 300 BC) argues correctly that the perceived size of an object is not
Perspective_(graphical)
Artificial star image used by telescopes
in astronomical adaptive optics systems, which are employed in large telescopes in order to correct atmospheric distortion of light, a phenomenon termed
Laser_guide_star
Effect of a material on light
frequency. Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used to refer to optics specifically, as opposed to wave propagation in general. A medium having
Dispersion_(optics)
Optical system with resolution performance at the instrument's theoretical limit
In optics, any optical instrument or system—a microscope, telescope, or camera—has a principal limit to its resolution due to the physics of diffraction
Diffraction-limited_system
11th century treatise by Ibn al-Haytham
The Book of Optics (Arabic: كتاب المناظر, romanized: Kitāb al-Manāẓir; Latin: De Aspectibus or Perspectiva; Italian: Deli Aspecti) is a seven-volume treatise
Book_of_Optics
Deviation from perfect paraxial optical behavior
While "distortion" can include arbitrary deformation of an image, the most pronounced modes of distortion produced by conventional imaging optics is "barrel
Optical_aberration
Visual illusion
The flashed face distortion effect is a visual illusion in which ordinary human faces appear grotesque and distorted when images flash in the periphery
Flashed face distortion effect
Flashed_face_distortion_effect
Distortion in some communications media
distortion, multimode dispersion, modal distortion, intermodal distortion, intermodal dispersion, and intermodal delay distortion. In the ray optics analogy
Modal_dispersion
Form of optical distortion
Cinerama when projected into a matching, cylindrically curved screen. Distortion (optics) Stretch-o-Vision Feininger, Andreas (1978). Photographic Seeing.
Cylindrical_perspective
Manufacturer of innovative photographic lenses
Venus Optics (Anhui ChangGeng Optics Technology Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of photographic lenses, specialized in the design of innovative macro
Venus_Optics
Reducing photographic perspective distortion
Lens Distortion Correction Filter; DxO Optics Pro from DxO Labs includes perspective correction. Affinity Photo 2 includes all the main distortion corrections
Perspective_control
diffraction Atom optics Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Aura (optics) Auroral light Avalanche photodiode Aventurescence Axicon Barrel distortion Beam splitter
Index_of_optics_articles
Distortion of laser beams in media
the medium is air, and can describe any type of self-induced "thermal distortion" of laser radiation. The term "thermal lensing" is typically used when
Thermal_blooming
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
(such as round-off error) is referred to as quantization error, noise or distortion. A device or algorithmic function that performs quantization is called
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Optical phenomenon of the sky
hole in the sky". Atmospheric Optics. Retrieved 29 September 2025. Les Cowley. "Bottlinger's Rings". Atmospheric Optics. Retrieved 2017-06-26. Nance,
Halo_(optical_phenomenon)
Optical illusion
in the camera industry, manufacturers should publish the distortion curves of their optics in order to rule out these uncertainties. The curve k = 0
Globe_effect
Process to photograph fluid flow
density gradients in the fluid distort the collimated light beam. This distortion creates a spatial variation in the intensity of the light, which can be
Schlieren_photography
Distortion of an object in photography
distortion takes two forms: extension distortion and compression distortion, also called wide-angle distortion and long-lens or telephoto distortion,
Perspective_distortion
Optical classification
angular resolution. In order to correct for atmospheric distortion, telescopes fitted with adaptive optics use a bright light source such as a laser to identify
Isoplanatic_patch
Arab physicist, mathematician and astronomer (c.965–c.1040)
Iraq. Referred to as "the father of modern optics", he made significant contributions to the principles of optics and visual perception in particular. His
Ibn_al-Haytham
Study of the experience and ritual use of light by ancient peoples
Archaeo-optics, or archaeological optics, is the study of the experience and ritual use of light by ancient peoples. Archaeological optics is a branch
Archaeo-optics
Mobile phone with photographic capability
dispersion and refractive indexes. Some phone cameras also apply distortion (optics), vignetting, and various optical aberration corrections to the image
Camera_phone
Measure of imaging quality in astronomy
coherence length, is a quantity that measures the strength of this optical distortion. It is denoted by the symbol r 0 {\displaystyle r_{0}} and has units of
Fried_parameter
Physical phenomenon relating to the direction of waves
rapidly varying distortions in the images of astronomical telescopes limiting the resolution of terrestrial telescopes not using adaptive optics or other techniques
Refraction
Technique for recording widescreen images onto a 4:3 frame
lenses have more complex optics than standard spherical lenses which require more light, and can introduce distinctive distortions such as lens flares and
Anamorphic_format
Optical aberration
certain types of telescope. Some telescopes deliberately use non-spherical optics to overcome this phenomenon.[why?][failed verification] In the analysis
Astigmatism_(optical_systems)
French photography software company
conversion engine developed for Optics Pro and PhotoLab. It is designed to remove noise, chromatic aberrations, vignetting, distortion, and lens softness to improve
DxO_Labs
Shielding an object from view using materials made to redirect light
object seemingly invisible. Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic
Metamaterial_cloaking
Telescope for optical astronomy
Light Adaptive Optics" (FLAO) – an adaptive optics system with a deformable secondary mirror rather than correcting atmospheric distortion further downstream
Large_Binocular_Telescope
Delays experienced through a linear time-invariant system
a result, the signal's waveform experiences distortion as it passes through the system. This distortion can cause problems such as poor fidelity in analog
Group_delay_and_phase_delay
Using wave optics to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
1-2021 Optics and photonics. Holography. Part 1. Core terms and definitions. Classification". Retrieved 13 July 2026. "GOST R 59321.2-2021 Optics and photonics
Holography
Adaptive optics optimization freuqency
In adaptive optics, the Greenwood frequency is the frequency or bandwidth required for optimal correction with an adaptive optics system. It depends on
Greenwood_frequency
Hole or opening through which light travels
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated
Aperture
Theory in art history
Vermeer), but Hockney believed that nobody had previously suggested that optics had been used as early and widely as he suggested. Many art historians contested
Hockney–Falco_thesis
Major astronomical facility in Chile
as well as techniques to work around atmospheric distortion of incoming light, known as adaptive optics. A 40-metre-class mirror will allow the study of
Extremely_Large_Telescope
Type of optical instrument
electromagnetic wavefronts. It is a wavefront sensor commonly used in adaptive optics systems and as a non-interferometric metrology tool. It consists of an array
Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor
Shack–Hartmann_wavefront_sensor
Device that emits light via optical amplification
13, 2009). Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume V: Atmospheric Optics, Modulators, Fiber Optics, X-Ray and Neutron Optics. McGraw Hill Professional
Laser
Astrophotography image processing method
can be spectacular with amateur instruments." Camera optics generally introduce geometric distortion of images. Undersampled images are, for example, common
Drizzle_(image_processing)
Scientific facility at Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii, US
provides a 4-meter clear, unobstructed aperture. Adaptive optics correct for atmospheric distortions and blurring of the solar image, which enables high-resolution
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope
Daniel_K._Inouye_Solar_Telescope
First photographic portrait objective lens
due to their well-corrected optics. Unlike most refractors and reflectors, petzval telescopes have a uniform, distortion-free image across the entire
Petzval_lens
optical distortion. He was particularly associated with a body of work he called "Glitch Abstraction", in which he experimented with distortions inspired
Bharath_S._Rajpal
In optics, jitter is used to refer to motion that has high temporal frequency relative to the integration/exposure time. This may result from vibration
Jitter_(optics)
Transmitting information over optical fiber
electromagnetic interference is required. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optics have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and played a major role
Fiber-optic_communication
Orthoscopy used in optics and vision for the condition of normal, distortion-free view, from "ortho", straight, right, correct, and "scope", seeing. Abbe
Orthoscopy
Topics referred to by the same term
in image formation by an optical system Relativistic aberration, the distortion of light at high velocities Spherical aberration, which occurs when light
Aberration
equipment involved in telescope construction and operation, including mounts, optics such as mirrors and lenses, eyepieces, corrector plates, and control interfaces
List of telescope parts and construction
List_of_telescope_parts_and_construction
Astronomical technique
grating, which leads to anisotropic image distortion called Littrow expansion or compression. The distortion occurs because the normal rules of specular
Slitless_spectroscopy
Russian optical scientist (1909–2004)
was a Russian scientist specialising in optics. He co-founded the USSR Science School of Computational Optics and discovered several optical phenomena
Mikhail_Rusinov
Propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light
pulse while strongly attenuating the pulse maximum and everything behind (distortion), the pulse maximum is effectively shifted forward in time, while the
Faster-than-light
Telescope under construction in Chile
in diameter. They are deformable "adaptive optics" mirrors tasked with correcting the atmospheric distortion of the light gathered by the telescope. The
Giant_Magellan_Telescope
Phenomenon in nonlinear optics
Four-wave mixing (FWM) is an intermodulation phenomenon in nonlinear optics, whereby interactions between two or three wavelengths produce two or one new
Four-wave_mixing
Polynomial sequence
They are also commonly used in adaptive optics, where they can be used to characterize atmospheric distortion. Obvious applications for this are IR or
Zernike_polynomials
Lens or mirror in optical instruments
which introduces distortions to the image. Objectives which are designed to be used with such cover slips will correct for these distortions, and typically
Objective_(optics)
Topics referred to by the same term
mathematical function Airy points, support points chosen to minimize the distortion of the length of a physical standard (such as the International Prototype
Airy
measurements” Applied Optics 50, 2170. Online publication date: 20-May-2011 Ionel, Laura Emilia (June 2014). "Numerical analysis of spatial distortions in a single-grating
Optica_Optics_Software
Measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light
Geometrical Optics. SPIE Press. pp. 6–9. ISBN 978-0-8194-5294-8. Simpson, Michael J. (24 February 2023). "Focal Length, EFL, and the Eye". Applied Optics. 62
Focal_length
Multi-star optics system
Advanced Rayleigh Guided Ground Layer Adaptive Optics System (ARGOS) is a multi-star adaptive optics system which is built for use with the Large Binocular
ARGOS_(optics_system)
Distortion of the perception of reality
An illusion is a distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the mind normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Although illusions distort
Illusion
Smartphone by Nokia
this stage, PureView Pro optics and pixels start behaving in a more conventional way. But because only the centre of the optics is used, the best optical
Nokia_808_PureView
Unobstructed line between an observer and a subject of interest
than least distance of distinct vision. In optics, refraction of a ray due to use of lenses can cause distortion. Shadows, patterns and movement can also
Line_of_sight
Final polishing of an optical surface
telescope optics. For large mirrors, ion figuring is often used, in which a neutral atomic beam is used to remove material from the optics in a very controlled
Figuring
Optical device which transmits and refracts light
in turn improved upon by Alhazen (Book of Optics, 11th century). The Arabic translation of Ptolemy's Optics became available in Latin translation in the
Lens
Astronomical observatory
They utilize adaptive optics technology to counteract atmospheric blurring. Notably, Gemini leads in wide-field adaptive optics assisted infrared imaging
Gemini_Observatory
Topics referred to by the same term
caused by Doppler shift in OFDM modulation Intersymbol interference, distortion caused by successive symbols Interference (band), an Irish band which
Interference
Optical drawing aid
patented in 1806 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. The basic optics were described 200 years earlier by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler
Camera_lucida
Response of an optical system to a point source of light
function (OTF) of an imaging system. It is a useful concept in Fourier optics, astronomical imaging, medical imaging, electron microscopy and other imaging
Point_spread_function
Dissymmetry of lift Distance measures (cosmology) Distance modulus Distortion (optics) Distortion free energy density Distributed Bragg reflector Distributed
Index_of_physics_articles_(D)
Quality of an image being out of focus
In optics, defocus is the aberration in which an image is simply out of focus. In general, defocus reduces the sharpness and contrast of the image. What
Defocus_aberration
Head-mounted device that provides virtual reality for the wearer
standalone capabilities. It was released in September 2026. There are different optics and visual qualities that affect how an individual perceives the image quality
Virtual_reality_headset
Electrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
Dielectrics are important for explaining various phenomena in electronics, optics, solid-state physics and cell biophysics. Although the term insulator implies
Dielectric
Atmospheric distortions of light
atmosphere of Earth that may become visible as blurring, twinkling or variable distortion. The origin of this effect is rapidly changing variations of the optical
Astronomical_seeing
Device that lets the user see in levels of visible light approaching total darkness
image intensifier tubes (350-1100 nm) Optics 1 AN/PAS-34 E-COSI (Enhanced Clip-On SWIR Imager) (900-1700 nm) Optics 1 COSMO (Clip-On SWIR Monocular) Photonis'
Night-vision_device
Electronic circuit
nonlinear distortion without ill effect (but schemes such as amplitude modulation do not). Frequency multiplication is also used in nonlinear optics. The nonlinear
Frequency_multiplier
Laser using an optical fiber as the active gain medium
cooling. The fiber's waveguide properties reduce or eliminate thermal distortion of the optical path, typically producing a diffraction-limited, high-quality
Fiber_laser
Type of photography and cinematography lens
disturbing, distortion. Photographic technology employs different physical methods from the human eye in order to capture images. Thus, manufacturing optics which
Normal_lens
Instrument in space to study astronomical objects
scattering of certain wavelengths of light, obstruction by clouds, and distortions due to atmospheric refraction such as twinkling. Space telescopes can
Space_telescope
Live video image manipulation
such as wipes or dissolves, in that they deal primarily with resizing, distortion or movement of the image. Modern video switchers often contain internal
Digital_video_effect
Calcium titanium oxide mineral
double perovskites frequently induce octahedral tilting and distortions. These distortion modes can be described using Glazer tilt notation, although
Perovskite
Underwater phenomenon due to Snell's Law
Focal Press. ISBN 0-240-51581-1. Robert Williams Wood (1914). Physical Optics. The Macmillan Company. p. 66. circle-of-light water critical-angle 180
Snell's_window
Non-linear optical process
Filament propagation Cumberbatch, E. (1970). "Self-focusing in Non-linear Optics". IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics. 6 (3): 250–62. doi:10.1093/imamat/6
Self-focusing
introduced access to DxO Optics Modules allowing users to automatically correct geometric distortions such as barrel or pincushion distortions. Other updates included:
DxO_ViewPoint
Pair of counter-rotating wedge prisms used for optical beam steering
are refractive, they introduce chromatic dispersion and field-dependent distortion. Approaches to mitigate these effects include achromatized materials,
Risley_prisms
Blurry region in optics
In optics, a circle of confusion (CoC) is an optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point
Circle_of_confusion
Wide-angle photographic lens with strong barrel distortion
fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image. Fisheye lenses
Fisheye_lens
Telescopes which utilize curved mirrors to form an image
image-forming optics. The idea that curved mirrors behave like lenses dates back at least to Alhazen's 11th century treatise on optics, works that had
Reflecting_telescope
prepare a biological sample for a conventional SEM chamber create numerous distortions in the tissue leading to structural artifacts during imaging. Electron
Scanning electron cryomicroscopy
Scanning_electron_cryomicroscopy
Optical component
Ronchi pattern provides a precise signal for testing resolution, contrast, distortion, aberrations, and diffraction in optical imaging systems. In constructing
Ronchi_ruling
Method of using light to measure a 3D object
surface. The pattern can be either stripes, grids, or dots. The resulting distortions of the projected pattern reveals the object's solid geometry through
Structured_light
Measuring elevation with stereo photographs
photographs that have considerable overlap (60%) and are corrected for distortion due to angle of photo. The photos are put onto transparent media and projected
Stereoplotter
Visually perceived images that differ from objective reality
there are four kinds: Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions. A classical example for a physical distortion would be the apparent bending of
Optical_illusion
Camera fitted with a rangefinder
imitations and derivatives), Contax cameras manufactured for Carl Zeiss Optics by camera subsidiary Zeiss-Ikon and, after Germany's defeat in World War
Rangefinder_camera
Length of area in visual focus
field) Light-field camera Miniature faking Numerical aperture Perspective distortion Strictly, at an exact distance from a plane Notwithstanding that the f-number
Depth_of_field
Topics referred to by the same term
of flowering plants Pincushion cactus, several genera Pincushion distortion, in optics This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Pincushion_(disambiguation)
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