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Book by Ghalib
Diwan-e-Ghalib is a poetry book written by the India born Persian and also Urdu poet Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib. It is a collection of the ghazals of
Diwan-e-Ghalib
Memorial museum, Biographical museum in Old Delhi, India
staying at this haveli, he wrote his Urdu and Persian 'diwans' (Diwan-e-Ghalib). Years after Ghalib's death the place housed shops inside it until the year
Ghalib_ki_Haveli
Indian poet (1797–1869)
Beg Khan (27 December 1797 – 15 February 1869), commonly known as Mirza Ghalib, was an Indian poet and letter writer of the Mughal Empire. Writing in Persian
Ghalib
19th century manuscript by Ghalib
Nuskha-e-Hamidiya is an early nineteenth-century manuscript of the diwan (collected poetry) of Ghalib, one of the greatest Urdu poets and letter writer
Nuskha-e-Hamidiya
Large collection of poems by Rumi
Divan contains poems in several different Eastern-Islamic poetic styles (e.g. ghazals, elegies, quatrains, etc.). It contains 44,292 lines (according
Divan-i_Shams-i_Tabrizi
Sanskrit scholar and poet
Translation Prize (for Sanskrit) in 2004, for translating Mirza Ghalib's Diwan-E-Ghalib Urdu poetry into Sanskrit as Ghaliba Kavyam. Harsha (1 August 2004)
Jagannath_Pathak
President of India from 1967 to 1969
Die Botschaft des Mahatma Gandhi. Husain got published the Diwan-e-Ghalib in 1925 and the Diwan-i-Shaida, a collection of poetry by Hakim Ajmal Khan in 1926
Zakir_Husain
Indian poet (1800–1852)
Prasad. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 19–20. ISBN 81-7201-143-1. Diwan-e-Ghalib, compiled by Kalidas Gupta Riza, pg 90, Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu, Karachi
Momin_Khan_Momin
Urdu author
Ghalib. He published works on Ghalib, Maktiba-e-Ghalib (1937), Intikhab-e-Ghalib (1943), culminating in his edition of Ghalib's Diwan titled Nuskha-e-Arshi
Imtiaz_Ali_'Arshi'
Literary web portal for Urdu Literature
Shikwa Jawab-e-Shikwa – Allama Iqbal Diwan-e-Ghalib – Mirza Ghalib Aab-e-Hayat – Muhammad Husain Azad Umrao Jaan Ada – Mirza Hadi Ruswa Kulliyat-e-Faiz – Faiz
Rekhta_(website)
Indian Urdu poet and scholar
Urdu poetry, including an introductory book to the Diwan-e-Ghalib, titled Mahasin-i-Kalam-i-Ghalib which became one of his prominent writings, and Maqalat-i-Bijnori
Abdur_Rahman_Bijnori
List of winners of a literary honor in India
Narayana Reddy 2004 Jagannath Pathak Ghaliba Kavyam Diwan-e-Ghalib Urdu Poetry Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib 2005 Janardhan Hedge Dharmasri Dharmasri Kannad
List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Sanskrit
List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Translation_Prize_winners_for_Sanskrit
Indian politician
on Ghalib, titled Lughat-e-Ghalib is a referential thesaurus on the Diwan-e-Ghalib wherein uncommon and difficult words, idioms and phrases have been explained
Mohammad_Yunus_Saleem
Pakistani poet and linguist
linguistics, philology, autobiographies and the famous interpretation of "Diwan-e-Ghalib". Much of his literary work is still unpublished. According to family
Ehsan_Danish
List of winners of a literary honor in India
Narayana Reddy 2004 Jagannath Pathak Ghaliba Kavyam Diwan-e-Ghalib Urdu Poetry Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib 2005 Janardhan Hedge Dharmasri Dharmasri Kannada
List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Sanskrit
List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Award_winners_for_Sanskrit
Indian Urdu poet, writer and academician (1918–2004)
Malihabadi) himself a poet of renown – who introduced him to Urdu poetry via Diwan-e-Ghalib and took him to mushairas in which he participated. The first such event
Jagan_Nath_Azad
Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq Sharah Armughan-e-Hijaz (in Persian and Urdu) Commentary on Mohkamat Alam-e-Qurani Commentary on Diwan-e-Ghalib Radha Krishnan
Yousaf_Saleem_Chishti
Indian poet (1723–1810)
of Rekhta, Ghalib They say there used to be a Mir in the past Ghalib apna yeh aqeeda hai baqaul-e-Nasikh Aap bey behrah hai jo muataqid-e-Mir nahi — Mirza
Mir_Taqi_Mir
Indian scholar of Urdu, Persian, and Arabic (1906–1993)
edited and annotated Ghalib's major works in Urdu and Persian: “Sabd-e-Chin”, “Diwan-e-Ghalib”, “Gul-e-Raana” and “Khutoot-e-Ghalib”. At the age of 31,
Malik_Ram
Indian Islamic scholar and poet (1796–1861)
400 couplets in Arabic are attributed to him. He edited the first diwan of Mirza Ghalib on his request.[citation needed] He followed the Hanafi school of
Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi
Indian-Canadian physician (born 1952)
two-volume book, Kuliyat-e-Ghalib Farsi, collecting the poetry of Mughal-era Mirza Ghalib in Persian, which was published by the Ghalib Institute in Delhi.
Taqi_Abedi
Collection of poems in Islamic cultures
A diwan (from Persian دیوان divân [d̪iːˈvɒːn]; Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈwaːn]) is a collection of poems by a single author – usually excluding the poet's
Diwan_(poetry)
1949 Indian film
in the film. Music was by S. Purshottam and lyrics were by Diwan Sharar and Mirza Ghalib. The cast included Pushpa Hans, Umesh Sharma, Sudha Apte, Chandrashekhar
Apna_Desh_(1949_film)
Indian writer (1925–2001)
fourth-highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri. Riza's edition of Ghalib's Diwan Diwan-e-'Raza, published in 1995, supplanted Imtiaz Ali 'Arshi''s 1958 version
Kalidas_Gupta_Riza
11th-century Abbasid prince and Heir-apparent
al-Qadir (Arabic: أبو الفضل محمد بن القادر) better known by his regnal name al-Ghalib bi'llah (Arabic: الغالب بالله), was an Abbasid prince, son of caliph al-Qadir
Al-Ghalib
Urdu poet
out of immediate events." A biography of Ghalib, Yadgar-e-Ghalib – life and works of Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib (1797–1869), a legendary Urdu language
Altaf_Hussain_Hali
aankhon mein Saari masti sharaab ki see hai Another by Mirza Ghalib: Kaba kis munh se jaaoge Ghalib sharm tum ko magar nahiN aati Another by Nasir kazmi: Itefaqaat
Maqta'
Indian Urdu poet and lyricist (1934–2008)
videos". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 6 September 2022. Kalia, Ravindra. "Ghalib Chhuti Sharaab". Vani Prakashan. Retrieved 9 June 2014. "An Interview with
Sudarshan_Faakir
published in 1976, anthologizes his short plays. Qaid-e-Hayat talks about the personal life of poet Mirza Ghalib, including his financial hardships and his tragic
Surendra_Verma
Poet, writer and linguist
poet Hafez Shirazi, Tarjuman-ul-Ghaib, a translation of Diwan-i-Hafez in verse and assisted Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq in compiling his Lughat-i-Kabeer
Shan-ul-Haq_Haqqee
Tradition of poetry
Turabi, there are five major poets of Urdu: Mir Taqi Mir (d. 1810), Mirza Ghalib (d. 1869), Mir Anees (d. 1874), Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1938) and Josh Malihabadi
Urdu_poetry
Mughal princess (1638–1702)
is remembered as a poet, and her writings were collected posthumously as Diwan-i-Makhfi (Persian: ديوانِ مخفى) - "Complete (Poetical) Works of Makhfi"
Zeb-un-Nissa
Poet in Guru Gobind Singh's court
Afghanistan, in 1633, he was 33 years older than the Guru. His father, Diwan Chhajju Ram, held the important post of chief secretary to the governor
Bhai_Nand_Lal
Indian poet (1831-1905)
Gulzar-e-Daagh (1878) Masnavi Fariyad-e-Daagh (1882) Aftab-e-Daagh (1885) Mahtab-e-Daagh (1893) Yaadgar-e-Daagh (posthumous, 1905) Diwan e Daagh Intikhab-e-Kalam
Daagh_Dehlvi
Writer of Hindustani poetry
first ghazal in Urdu, titled ze-hāl-e-miskīñ. He wrote in Persian and Rekhta (initial form of Urdu). Mirza Ghalib is considered one of the leading literary
Shayar_(poet)
Musaddas-e Hali as an important text leading to the development of Pakistani nationalism. He also wrote the Yadgar-e Ghalib, Hayat-e Saadi, and Hayat-e Javed
Ansari_(Panipat)
Persian poet and mystic (1325–1390)
Persian Scan of 1560 Dīwān Hāfiz manuscript on archive.org Fall-e Hafez An online Flash application of his poems in Persian. Text-Based Fal e Hafez A light-weight
Hafez
Poem or ode that deals with love
of Divan of Hafez, Harvard Art Museum. A Desertful of Roses The Divan-e Ghalib – in Urdu, with Devanagari and Roman transliterations. Ghazal Radio dedicated
Ghazal
Islamic philosopher and poet (1877–1938)
1924 publication, the Payam-e-Mashriq پیامِ مشرق (The Message of the East), is closely connected to the West-östlicher Diwan by the German poet Goethe.
Muhammad_Iqbal
Pakistani singer and actress (1926–2000)
dance performances prior to screenings of films in cinemas. Theatre owner Diwan Sardari Lal took the small girl to Calcutta in the early 1930s, and the
Noor_Jehan
Urdu poet, great critic, scholar, writer, translator
Pradesh government with Ghalib award for his Urdu dictionary Farhang e Asar. He wrote several books in Urdu language. He has three Diwans of Ghazals in his
Asar_Lakhnavi
Moroccan poet, Sufi and mystic (1506–1568)
the Saadi dynasty under the reign of Mohammed ash-Sheikh and Abdallah al-Ghalib. This period also saw the rise of the Ottoman Empire in Algeria and Tunisia
Abd_al-Rahman_al-Majdoub
North Indian branch of Kayastha caste
Varma, Pavan K. (2008). Ghalib. Penguin Books India. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-14-306481-7. Khan Ghalib, Mirza Asadullah (2005). Mirza Ghalib: Selected Lyrics and
Chitraguptavanshi_Kayastha
Poem sung at a nikah (Muslim wedding) in praise of the groom
matter of folk songs alone, some of the prominent Urdu poets like Mirza Ghalib, Zauq and even Bahadur Shah Zafar too have composed sehras. In South Asian
Sehra_(poetry)
Indian Urdu poet, scholar and author (1916–2004)
marsiyago poetry of Uttar Pradesh, including the poets Mir Anis and Mirza Ghalib, and wrote on both poetry and prose, including research and analytical works
Ali_Jawad_Zaidi
2016 film by Anjum Shahzad
explain their themes, while Mirza Ghalib used the term "Shauqiya Ijad". He then gives Jamal a book titled Intikhab-e-Mir. When Jamal questions why he is
Mah_e_Mir
Indian filmmaker (born 1972)
great-grandfather, Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi, a scholar of Islamic studies and theology, edited the first diwan of Mirza Ghalib on his request and later
Zoya_Akhtar
List of winners of a literary honor in India
Poetry 1961 — Imtiaz Ali 'Arshi' Diwan-i-Ghalib (A critical edition of Ghalib's poetry) A critical edition of Ghalib's poetry 1962 — Akhtar ul Iman Yadein
List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Urdu
List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Award_winners_for_Urdu
Sufi mystic and poet (1207–1273)
such as Attar and Rumi. Rumi's other major work is the Dīwān-e Kabīr (Great Work) or Dīwān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī (The Works of Shams of Tabriz; دیوان شمس تبریزی)
Rumi
Prime minister for the 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad
invited poets from Northern India like Zauq and Baksh Nasikh and Mirza Ghalib from Delhi to Hyderabad State but they couldn't turn up for some reasons
Chandu_Lal
Ethnic group
Hours of War, Al-Yusr Library, Sana’a, second edition, 1995 Muhammad Anam Ghalib, Yemen, Land and People: The Economics of Yemen Beirut, second edition,
Tribes_of_Yemen
17th century Persian-language poet
Iqbal, Mir Taqi Mir, Saadat Hasan Manto, and by a rebellion Mughal poet, Ghalib, who is believed to have translated around forty of his couplets into Urdu
Gani_Kashmiri
have contributed to the mukhammas. The important among them include: Mirza Ghalib Bahadur Shah Zafar Wali Mohammed Wali Zauq Poets who have written the mukhammas
Mukhammas
Founder of the Mevlevi Order (died 1312)
but he continued to add to it until his death. The Diwan has been published under the title: "Divan-e Soltan Walad, ed. Said Nafisi (Tehran, Rudaki, 1959)
Sultan_Walad
Shia sect of Islam
(ed. Mustafa Ghalib ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab. p. 135. Sijistānī, Abū Ya’qūb. Kitāb al-Yanābīʿ (in Arabic) (ed. Mustafa Ghalib ed.). Beirut
Nizari_Isma'ilism
Nawab of Bengal from 1739 to 1740
(Dhaka). Instead of moving to Dhaka, Khan appointed Ghalib Ali Khan and Jaswant Rai as the Diwan. During his tenure, the city of Jahangirnagar saw rapid
Sarfaraz_Khan
Gujarati poet (1950–2021)
his career as a teacher at M.E.H Girls High School, Vadodara. He started his writing career in 1968 with influences of Ghalib, Faiz, Jigar Moradabadi and
Rashid_Meer
Sufi order in Islam
are appointed by the Çelebi.[citation needed] Rumi's Mathnavi and Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi are considered masterpieces of Persian literature, and throughout
Mevlevi_Order
Pakistani poet and author (1911-1984)
Western models. Faiz was influenced by the works of Allama Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib, assimilating modern Urdu with classical. Faiz used more and more demands
Faiz_Ahmad_Faiz
Fort in Haryana, India
status for the fort states, "The south-wing of the fort contained the Diwan-e-khas (special royal hall) and the Sheesh Mahal or The Room Of Mirrors,
Loharu_Fort
Palace and fortress complex in Granada, Spain
poetry by Nasrid court poets, and the repetition of the Nasrid motto "wa la ghalib illa-llah" (Arabic: ولا غالب إلا الله, lit. 'And there is no victor but
Alhambra
Literary works written in Urdu language
include Masnavis, Musaddas e Hali, Shikwa e Hind, and Qasida e Ghyasia. He also wrote marsias or elegies on the deaths of Ghalib, Hakim Mahmud Khan, and
Urdu_literature
City in Haryana, India
17 Oct 2025. Khandan-e-Loharu Ke Shura (Loharu Family Biography), by Hamid Sultan Ahmad. New Delhi, Ghalib Institute, 1981. (Ghalib Institute Catalogue)
Loharu
(هاتف اصفهانی) Lutfullah Tabrizi (لطفالله تبریزی) Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib (میرزا اسداللہ خان غالب) Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani (زینالعابدین شیروانی)
List of Persian-language poets and authors
List_of_Persian-language_poets_and_authors
Meter in Arabic, Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry
determine the bahr of the entire ghazal. For example, in this ghazal of Ghalib, the length and meter of the ashaar is same throughout. In terms of the
Bahr_(poetry)
Literature originating in the Kashmir region
of Persian-and Urdu writing poets in South Asia including Mir Taqi Mir, Ghalib and most importantly, Iqbal. Ghani's "forte" lies in creating delightful
Literature_of_Kashmir
Pen name
Bulleh Shah Faiz – Faiz Ahmed Faiz Fani — Fani Badayuni, Shaukat Ali Khan Ghalib – Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan Hali – Altaf Hussain Hali Jigar - Jigar Moradabadi
Takhallus
15th-century Persian language manuscript
Divan-i-Albisa (Diwan-i-Albisa) is a 15th-century Persian language manuscript authored by Nizam al-Din Mahmud Qari of Yazd. Divan-i-Albisa is a collection
Divan-i-Albisa
Afghan poet
“Bagh-e-Baka” in Kabul during the Afghan Civil War. Lala-yee baraye Malima Maqama-ye Gol e Sori Diwan-e Asheqana-ye Bagh Ghazal-e Man wa Gham-e Man Tanha
Qahar_Asi
Indian actor (1920–1995)
Abdul 1953 Aabshar Ek Do Teen Shekhar 1954 Biraj Bahu Kishorilal Mirza Ghalib Badshah Naukri 1955 Devdas Dwijdas Mukherjee Flying Man Shree 420 Police
Iftekhar
Geographic region of the Arabian Peninsula
descendant of Muhammad Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik ibn An-Nadr ibn Kinanah ibn Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah ibn
Hejaz
the accompaniment of the tabla, sitar, and harmonium. Her rendering of Ghalib's ghazals made her a household name. Born Akhtaribai Faizabadi, she begaan
List_of_Begum_Akhtar_songs
experts in the Persian and poet Hafiz, and can recite the whole of his Diwan (poetry collection) by heart. Thiesen has written an introduction to the
Finn_Thiesen
than one matla' in a poem; in this case, the second is referred to as husn-e-matla. It is an important part of the composition because it establishes the
Matla'
11th-century Persian Isma'ili poet, scholar, philosopher, and missionary
readable for Persian-speaking people. Diwan (Persian: دیوان) Among his other works, most of the lyrical poems in his Diwan were composed in his retirement.
Nasir_Khusraw
remained the language of "intercultural communication". Famed poet Mirza Ghalib lived during this transitional era, and produced many works in the language
Persian language in the Indian subcontinent
Persian_language_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
Yemeni Ismaili leader from 1209 to 1215
al-Ghazali's anti-Isma'ili work Kitab al-Mustazhiri, edited by Mustafa Ghalib, Beirut 1982. Al-Risāla al-mufīda fī sharḥ mulghaz al-qaṣīda, a commentary
Ali_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Walid
Sufi poet (c. 1145 – c. 1221)
Khusraw-Nāma (خسرونامه), Attar lists the titles of further products of his pen: Dīwān (دیوان) Asrār-Nāma (اسرارنامه) Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr (منطقالطیر), also known as
Attar_of_Nishapur
Arab Islamic scholar, historian and philosopher (1332–1406)
[ISBN missing] Hajji, Mohamed (2002). "Ibn al-Sakkak, Muhammad ibn Abi Ghalib". In Toufiq, Ahmed; Hajji, Mohamed (eds.). Ma'lamat al-Maghrib (Encyclopedia
Ibn_Khaldun
Indo-Aryan language
Heathens, or from the Persians, or other Nations. In 1715, a complete literary Diwan in Rekhta was written by Nawab Sadruddin Khan. An Urdu-Persian dictionary
Urdu
Bekhud initially entered the tutelage of Maulana Altaf Hussain Hali, Ghalib's most renowned protégé; it was under Hali's guidance that Bekhud chose his
Bekhud_Badayuni
Moroccan military contingent of slaves
were blacks in the army of the Saadis. Anania reported that Abdallah al-Ghalib had 80,000 cavalry relying on the Granatini (Andalusians) and Gialof (Wolof
Black_Guard
Collection of Middle Eastern folk tales
271 Hamori, A. (2012). "S̲h̲ahrazād". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)
One_Thousand_and_One_Nights
Poetry in praise of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad
couplets of naʿat, including Mir Taqi Mir, Momin Khan Momin, and Mirza Ghalib included devotional verses in their work. However, it was not until the
Naʽat
Muslim scholar and Shia imam (c.702–765)
Taylor 1966, pp. 102, 103. Taylor 1966, p. 106. Photographic reproduction by Ghālib 1964, p. 202 (edited text on p. 198). Asatryan 2000–2012. Jafri 1979, pp
Ja'far_al-Sadiq
Nawab of Awadh from 1847 to 1856
he wrote over forty works – poems, prose and thumris. The collections Diwan-i-Akhtar and Husn-i-Akhtar contain his ghazals. He is said to have composed
Wajid_Ali_Shah
Isma'ili Imam and first Fatimid Caliph from 909 to 934
fugitive emir of Sijilmasa was captured, and the Kutama chieftain Ibrahim ibn Ghalib installed as governor. On 12 October, the army began its return march. On
Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah
Metropolis in Uttar Pradesh, India
Jagan Prasad Garg Kalyan Das Jain Makund Behari Lal Mamnoon Hussain Mirza Ghalib Mir Taqi Mir Motilal Nehru Nazeer Akbarabadi Nimmi Poonam Yadav Raj Babbar
Agra
Arab poet (c. 641-728/30)
Hammam ibn Ghalib al-Tamimi (Arabic: همام بن غالب; born 641 AD/20 AH died 728–730 AD/110-112 AH), more commonly known as al-Farazdaq (الفرزدق) or Abu Firas
Al-Farazdaq
Pakistani poet (1898–1982)
Ali Sardar, Professor Mumtaz Hussain, Ali Ahmed Fatmi, Shahid Mahuli of Ghalib Institute, Delhi, India, Professor Sahar Ansari, Rahat Saeed, Jaun Elia
Josh_Malihabadi
12th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher
considers this to be a confusion on the poet’s part. Furthermore, the ‘‘Diwan’s’’ commentary notes that the verse was intended to praise al-Razi’s Arab
Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi
taking control of Egypt, the Umayyads made a comeback. In 973 their general, Ghalib, invaded Morocco. The Idrisids were expelled from their territories and
History_of_Morocco
Sufi mystic and poet
van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Qasim-i_Anvar
City in Fez-Meknes, Morocco
stopped by his son Abdallah al-Ghalib at the Battle of Wadi al-Laban north of Fez. After the death of Abdallah al-Ghalib a new power struggle emerged.
Fez,_Morocco
Historical royal and noble title
considered one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century. Mirza Ghalib (born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan), an Urdu and Persian poet from the Indian
Mirza_(name)
Sunni Muslim polymath (c. 1058–1111)
Ijtihad in the 21st Century. CreateSpace. p. 35. ISBN 9781539995036. Joseph E. B. Lumbard, Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Betrayal of Tradition: Essays
Al-Ghazali
Urdu poet
Movement. He wrote poetry in Urdu under the pen name of Ālam (Urdu: آلم). His Diwan-i-Alam poem led to the Calcutta Alia Madrasa awarding him the title of Parrot
Ismail_Alam
majmūʿa. The author of the Syrian chronicle is unknown, but may have been Abu Ghalib Tammam ibn Alkama, who came to al-Andalus with the Syrian army in 741. Tammam's
Literature_of_al-Andalus
Da'i al-Mutlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilis from 1428 to 1468
published in a number of critical editions: Volumes 4–6, edited by Mustafa Ghalib, Dar al-Andalus, Beirut 1975–1984 Volume 5, focusing on the Fatimids, edited
Idris_Imad_al-Din
Arab administrator and statesman (c. 622 – 673)
of his adolescence and Utba charged him with minor tasks in the Basran dīwān (bureaucracy) during the reign of Caliph Umar (r. 634–644). In 635, Utba
Ziyad_ibn_Abihi
travel, tourism, insurance
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