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Computing using molecular biology hardware
DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional
DNA_computing
Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA
DNA digital data storage is the process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA. While DNA as a storage medium has
DNA_digital_data_storage
Methods that imitate, replicate or use natural processes
artificial immune systems, fractal geometry, artificial life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others. However, the field is more related to biological
Natural_computing
Computing by new or unusual methods
Unconventional computing (also known as alternative computing or nonstandard computation) is computing by any of a wide range of new or unusual methods
Unconventional_computing
Form of computing using molecular biology
gene Computational complexity theory DNA computing Molecular electronics Parallel computing Unconventional computing Molecular logic gate M. Sakthi Balan;
Peptide_computing
Method of solving computing problems
Lateral computing is a lateral thinking approach to solving computing problems. Lateral thinking has been made popular by Edward de Bono. This thinking
Lateral_computing
Programmable machine that processes data
of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906. In his work
Computer
American computer scientist (born 1945)
2002 Turing Award. He is also known for the creation of the field of DNA computing and coining the term computer virus. Leonard M. Adleman was born to
Leonard_Adleman
devices. DNA Computing focuses on biomolecular computing and DNA nanotechnology, and has been held annually since 1995. The proceedings of DNA Computing were
International Society for Nanoscale Science, Computation, and Engineering
International_Society_for_Nanoscale_Science,_Computation,_and_Engineering
Biological molecules for computations
gene Computer DNA computing Human biocomputer Molecular electronics Nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Organoid intelligence Peptide computing Wetware computer
Biological_computing
Activity involving calculations or computing machinery
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic
Computing
advancements aimed to make DNA computing devices accessible through a compiler bridging high-level programming languages with DNA computing code. Shapiro and Ran
Doctor_in_a_cell
(2001). "Solution of a satisfiability problem on a gel-based DNA computer" (PDF). DNA Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2054. pp. 27–42.
Acrydite
Topics referred to by the same term
Software DNA computing, computing using molecular biology hardware Daily News and Analysis, an Indian broadsheet newspaper between 2005 and 2019 DNA (1997
DNA_(disambiguation)
events in the history of computing from 1990 to 1999. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing. "Vision for the Future"
Timeline of computing 1990–1999
Timeline_of_computing_1990–1999
Design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures
structures had the advantage that they provided the ability to implement DNA computing, which was demonstrated by Winfree and Paul Rothemund in their 2004
DNA_nanotechnology
Molecule that performs a logical operation
practical applications in fields such as molecular electronics, biosensing, DNA computing, nanorobotics, and cell imaging. For logic gates with a single input
Molecular_logic_gate
American computer scientist
DNA computing and DNA nanotechnology. In 1998, Winfree in collaboration with Nadrian Seeman published the creation of two-dimensional lattices of DNA
Erik_Winfree
Field of mathematics and science based on non-linear systems and initial conditions
text and image encryption method based on chaos theory and DNA computing". Natural Computing. 12 (1): 101–107. doi:10.1007/s11047-012-9334-9. Akhavan,
Chaos_theory
Romanian and Canadian computer scientist
interests to DNA computing. In her research, together with Laura Landweber, she has initiated and explored the study of computational power of DNA processing
Lila_Kari
Electrical Engineer and Computer Scientist (born 1959)
consumption. His research has also addressed neural engineering and DNA computing. Parhi received the B. Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology
Keshab_K._Parhi
American evolutionary biologist
placed on a chessboard, using a test tube of RNA, a breakthrough in DNA computing. Laura Landweber has also studied the evolution of the genetic code
Laura_Landweber
Macedonian mathematician and computer scientist
professor at the University of South Florida known for her work in DNA computing. Her research is about how biology performs computation, "in particular
Nataša_Jonoska
Unconventional computer based on a semi-solid chemical "soup"
were able to compute binary logic gates, and perform pattern recognition. Molecular logic gate Computer Quantum computing DNA computing Biocomputing Organic
Chemical_computer
American computer scientist (born 1946)
in Computing in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He has worked in computer science theory, cryptography, and DNA computing
Richard_Lipton
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
sequencing DNA computing – Computing using molecular biology hardware DNA field-effect transistor DNA sequencing theory – Biological theory DNA sequencer –
DNA_sequencing
quantum computing via DNA. Both DNA nanostructures and DNA computing biochips have been built.[citation needed] The chemical structure of DNA is insufficient
Molecular_models_of_DNA
of DNA computing. DNA computing is fundamentally similar to parallel computing in that it takes advantage of the many different molecules of DNA to try
Timeline of United States inventions (after 1991)
Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(after_1991)
Technique used to identify individuals via DNA characteristics
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics
DNA_profiling
Yoav Eichen from Technion. World's smallest DNA computing machine system – "the smallest biological computing device" ever constructed, according to Guinness
List of Israeli inventions and discoveries
List_of_Israeli_inventions_and_discoveries
Award
macromolecules 2006 Erik Winfree California Institute of Technology DNA computing using algorithmic self-assembly Paul W. K. Rothemund 2007 J. Fraser
Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology
Feynman_Prize_in_Nanotechnology
Ideologies of change via capitalism and technology
of institutions through means like biological warfare enhanced with DNA computing. He claimed that capitalism's tendency towards optimization of itself
Accelerationism
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
artificial immune systems, fractal geometry, artificial life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others. However, the field is more related to biological
Theoretical_computer_science
British computer scientist
Northumbria University, working in natural computation, crowd simulation, DNA computing and synthetic biology. He was born in Hexham, Northumberland in 1971
Martyn_Amos
work in creating DNA nanotubes, algorithmic molecular self-assembly of DNA tile structures, and their theoretical work on DNA computing. Rothemund is also
Paul_W._K._Rothemund
DNA located in mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA or mtDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from organic compounds
Mitochondrial_DNA
Basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers
in the nucleic acid design of nucleic acid structures for DNA nanotechnology and DNA computing, since the pattern of basepairing ultimately determines the
Nucleic acid secondary structure
Nucleic_acid_secondary_structure
Computing with supercomputers and clusters
administration (including network and security knowledge), parallel computing and distributed computing into a multidisciplinary field that combines digital electronics
High-performance_computing
Biological process
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes exact copies of its DNA. This process occurs in all organisms and is essential to biological inheritance
DNA_replication
Irish-Canadian computer scientist
Columbia. Her research focuses on computational complexity theory, DNA computing, and bioinformatics. She has also held the NSERC/General Motors Canada
Anne_Condon
Australian chemist
PMID 9862794. McCaskill, John (2001). "Optically programming DNA computing in microflow reactors". Bio Systems. 59 (2): 125–138. Bibcode:2001BiSys
John_McCaskill
American computer scientist
measure and effective dimension; he has also published research on DNA computing and self-assembly. He is a professor of computer science and mathematics
Jack_Lutz
British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958)
Her work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite
Rosalind_Franklin
Class of rule-based machine learning systems
system as a substrate for computation, unlike other fields such as DNA computing. AIS emerged in the mid-1980s with articles authored by Farmer, Packard
Artificial_immune_system
Robot kaiju in the Godzilla franchise
built around the skeleton of the original Godzilla from 1954 and a DNA computing-based operating system. During its first battle with Godzilla four years
Mechagodzilla
American academic
centered his research in nanoscience and in particular DNA nanotechnology, DNA computing, and DNA nanorobotics. In the last dozen years his group at Duke
John_Reif
Research centre
SFI Centre for Research Training in Data Analytics and Damien Wood's DNA computing group. The Hamilton Institute's stated aim is to provide a bridge between
Hamilton_Institute
Viewpoint about applied mathematical analysis
Adleman, a theoretical computer scientist who pioneered the field of DNA computing. In Adleman's view, "Sciences reach a point where they become mathematized"
Unreasonable ineffectiveness of mathematics
Unreasonable_ineffectiveness_of_mathematics
Intersection of nanotechnology and biology
disease, cancer, organ/tissue failure), as well as biological computing (e.g. DNA computing) and agriculture (target delivery of pesticides, hormones and
Nanobiotechnology
Chemist
Nanotechnology for the experimental category, and the Rozenberg Tulip Award in DNA Computing in 2013. Other honors for Yan include: Humboldt Research Award (2023)
Hao_Yan
Folding of DNA to create two- and three-dimensional shapes at the nanoscale
DNA origami is the nanoscale folding of DNA to create arbitrary two- and three-dimensional shapes at the nanoscale. The specificity of the interactions
DNA_origami
Computer data measurements and scales
{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\frac {1}{300}}} J K−1 (per Landauer's principle) "DNA Computing Approach to Semantic Model" (PDF). www.tmrfindia.org. Archived from
Orders_of_magnitude_(data)
Strand Displacing Polymerase". In Thachuk, Chris; Liu, Yan (eds.). DNA Computing and Molecular Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11648
Toehold mediated strand displacement
Toehold_mediated_strand_displacement
oligonucleotides. DNA computing involves allowing synthetic oligonucleotide strands to hybridize in such a way as to perform computation. DNA computing requires
Coding theory approaches to nucleic acid design
Coding_theory_approaches_to_nucleic_acid_design
Generative process for base sequences
conformation. Nucleic acid design is central to the fields of DNA nanotechnology and DNA computing. It is necessary because there are many possible sequences
Nucleic_acid_design
Overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology
Nanosensor – Nanotoxicology – Molecular self-assembly – DNA nanotechnology – DNA computing – DNA machine – DNA origami – Self-assembled monolayer – Supramolecular
Outline_of_nanotechnology
Polish computer scientist and bioinformatician
National Science Centre. He is most notable for his research into DNA sequencing, DNA computing and the theory of algorithms. In 2012, he shared the Copernicus
Jacek_Błażewicz
Israeli computer scientist
implementing various molecular computing devices. In 2011, Shapiro designed an effective method of synthesizing error-free DNA molecules from error-prone
Ehud_Shapiro
Belgian theoretical physical chemist
scales in chemistry, the chemical interactions of quantum dots, and DNA computing. She is a director of research for the Belgian National Fund for Scientific
Françoise_Remacle
computing from 2020 to the present. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing. Significant events in computing
Timeline of computing 2020–present
Timeline_of_computing_2020–present
Prize in foundations of computer science
Mathematical Foundations of Computing. Prizes are awarded in alternating years at the ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing and at the IEEE Symposium on
Knuth_Prize
Topics referred to by the same term
computing, systems of biologically derived molecules that perform computational processes DNA computing, a form of biological computing that uses DNA
Biocomputing
Type of database index
"Inverted Files for Text Search Engines". ACM Computing Surveys. 38 (2). New York: Association for Computing Machinery: 6. doi:10.1145/1132956.1132959. S2CID 207158957
Inverted_index
ISSN 0020-0190. Păun, Gheorghe; Rozenberg, Grzegorz; Salomaa, Arto (1998). DNA Computing. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03563-4. ISBN 978-3-642-08388-4. Anderson, James
Splicing_language
therefore generates a lot of interest in quantum computers. 1994 – DNA computing proof of concept on toy travelling salesman problem; a method for input/output
Timeline_of_cryptography
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
mathematical model of computation used in computability theory Euclidean algorithm — ancient algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor Muhammad ibn
Outline_of_algorithms
Application of physics in medicine or healthcare
genetic disease, cancer, organ/tissue failure), as well as computing (e.g. DNA computing) and agriculture (target delivery of pesticides, hormones and
Medical_physics
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
information theory Chomsky hierarchy Church–Turing thesis Computability theory Inner loop Loop (computing) Machine that always halts Rice's theorem S m n theorem
Turing_completeness
Ethnic group
Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2001) Ehud Shapiro – Concurrent Prolog, DNA computing pioneer Moshe Y. Vardi – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize
Kurds_in_Israel
Aaronson – quantum computing and complexity theory Rediet Abebe – algorithms, artificial intelligence Hal Abelson – intersection of computing and teaching Serge
List_of_computer_scientists
American online genealogy company
subscribers, and to have sold 18 million DNA kits to customers. By 2023, Ancestry was the largest provider of consumer DNA testing in the world with a network
Ancestry.com
Type of database
A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology
DNA_database
Image identification technology
PhotoDNA is perceptual hashing algorithm for image-identification and content filtering technology widely used by online service providers. Although the
PhotoDNA
1951), American expert on scientific computing, computational linear algebra, and the history of scientific computing Janis Oldham (1956–2021), African-American
List_of_women_in_mathematics
Task of computing complete subgraphs
constraint programming. Non-standard computing methodologies that have been suggested for finding cliques include DNA computing and adiabatic quantum computation
Clique_problem
Recording of information in a storage medium
are all examples of storage media. Biological molecules such as RNA and DNA are considered by some as data storage. Recording may be accomplished with
Data_storage
Debate over copyright in DNA sequences
refusal to register the "Prancer DNA Sequence" Biological patent DNA computing DNA digital data storage Genetic engineering Open synthetic biology Software
Copyright status of genetic sequences
Copyright_status_of_genetic_sequences
Polish and Dutch computer scientist (born 1942)
natural computing, formal language and automata theory, graph transformations, and concurrent systems. He is referred to as the guru of natural computing, as
Grzegorz_Rozenberg
Parallel computing platform and programming model
CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a proprietary parallel computing platform and application programming interface (API) developed by the American
CUDA
Type of extremely powerful computer
computing whereby a "super virtual computer" of many loosely coupled volunteer computing machines performs very large computing tasks. Grid computing
Supercomputer
Finnish mathematician and computer scientist (1934–2025)
of Formal Language Theory (1981) Public-Key Cryptography (1990) and DNA Computing (1998, with Grzegorz Rozenberg and Gheorghe Paun). With Rozenberg, Salomaa
Arto_Salomaa
Chinese-American electrical and biomedical engineer
multicore design, data centric systems, reliable systems and circuits, DNA computing, and synthetic biology". Roveda has a 1991 bachelor's degree in computer
Janet_Roveda
Programming language for statistics
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been widely adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics
R_(programming_language)
Storage of digital data readable by computers
information in polymers that can store electric charge. DNA stores digital information in DNA nucleotides. Wikiversity has learning resources about Computer
Computer_data_storage
Unit of information
The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a
Bit
Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2001) Ehud Shapiro – Concurrent Prolog, DNA computing pioneer Moshe Y. Vardi – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize
List_of_Israelis
1999 non-fiction book by Ray Kurzweil
big technology, followed potentially by optical computing, DNA computing, nanotubes, or quantum computing. Kurzweil feels the best model for an artificial
The_Age_of_Spiritual_Machines
American computer engineer
research concerns computer architecture, green computing, and unconventional computing including DNA digital data storage. When Strauss and Luis Ceze
Karin_Strauss
DNA oligonucleotides that can perform a specific chemical reaction
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of performing a specific chemical reaction
Deoxyribozyme
Method of delivering medication
nucleic acids such as DNA, combined with the demonstration of systems for DNA computing, has led to speculation that artificial nucleic acid nanodevices can
Targeted_drug_delivery
Lecturer in Computing and Public Engagement Fellow at Manchester Metropolitan University; expert on natural computation and DNA computing; born in Hexham
List of people from Northumberland
List_of_people_from_Northumberland
Computer science metric for string similarity
Distance Cannot Be Computed in Strongly Subquadratic Time (unless SETH is false). Forty-Seventh Annual ACM on Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC). arXiv:1412
Levenshtein_distance
American computer scientist
College. They have published together on algorithmic game theory in DNA computing. "Robyn Lutz", Tenure/Tenure Track Faculty, Iowa State University Department
Robyn_Lutz
Breakthrough Prize laureate; Wolf Prize winner Erik Winfree, PhD 1998, DNA computing and DNA nanotechnology Barbara Wold, PhD 1978, molecular biologist Magdalena
List of California Institute of Technology people
List_of_California_Institute_of_Technology_people
Use of a GPU for computations typically assigned to CPUs
supercomputing it is well-known that scientific computing drives the largest concentrations of Computing power in history, listed in the TOP500: the majority
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units
computational genes.[citation needed] Biocomputers Cyclic enzyme system DNA computing Finite-state machine Molecular electronics Nanobiotechnology Nanomedicine
Computational_gene
Computer memory type used for data preservation
storage and management DNA digital data storage – Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA ""Cristais de memória
5D_optical_data_storage
Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A primary subclade of Haplogroup R (R-M207), it is defined by the SNP M173. The other primary
Haplogroup_R1
University of Southern California engineering school
accessibility in AI education USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center — conducts research in quantum computing AFL Theory — created by Prof. Seymour Ginsburg
USC Viterbi School of Engineering
USC_Viterbi_School_of_Engineering
2005 non-fiction book by Ray Kurzweil
molecular computing, self-assembly in nanotube circuits, biological systems emulating circuit assembly, computing with DNA, spintronics (computing with the
The_Singularity_Is_Near
DNA COMPUTING
DNA COMPUTING
Female
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Greek Lydia, LÃDIA means "of Lydia."
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic name FÃONA means "vine."
Girl/Female
English American
A names ending in 'ina' or 'ena' (ie. Christina) used as a nickname. Famous bearer: In 1906...
Female
Polish
Polish name of Lithuanian origin, GRAŻYNA means "beautiful."
Female
English
 English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of French Catherine, CAITRÃONA means "pure."
Female
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Eithne, ENA means "kernel."
Female
Slavic
 Short form of Slavic Bogdana, DANA means "gift from God." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark."
Female
Irish
Short form of Irish Gaelic CatrÃona, RÃONA means "pure."
Female
Scottish
 Short form of Scottish Murdina, DINA means "sea warrior." Compare with another form of Dina.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Oona, possibly ONA means "famine, hunger." Compare with another form of Ona.
Female
Hebrew
(×“Ö¼Ö¸× Ö¸×”) Feminine form of Hebrew Dan, DANA means "judge." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
Hebrew
(×¢Ö¶×“Ö°× Ö¸×”) Hebrew name EDNA means "delight, pleasure, rejuvenation." In the apocryphal Book of Tobit, this is the name of the mother of Sarah. Compare with another form of Edna.
Female
Serbian
(Bulgarian and Serbian Ðна): Bulgarian and Serbian form of Greek Hanna, ANA means "favor; grace."
Female
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Úna, probably UNA means "famine, hunger." Compare with another form of Una.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Dinah, DINA means "judgment." Compare with another form of Dina.
Female
Spanish
Portuguese and Spanish form of Latin Anna, ANA means "favor; grace."Â Compare with another form of Ana.
Female
Italian
 Short form of Italian Adona, DONA means "my lord."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name UNA means "remember." Compare with another form of Una.
DNA COMPUTING
DNA COMPUTING
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Ego-less
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Protector; Guardian; A Deity
Female
Italian
Diminutive form of Italian Giulia, GIULIETTA means "descended from Jupiter (Jove)."
Boy/Male
English
Tall.. Surname.
Boy/Male
English
Thaw.
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian
Reveal True Humanity
Boy/Male
Biblical
Exaltation of help.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Jewelry for the nose
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi
A Raagini; Hybrid of Deepak and Goddess Saraswati
Boy/Male
Greek
God of fertility.
DNA COMPUTING
DNA COMPUTING
DNA COMPUTING
DNA COMPUTING
DNA COMPUTING
n.
A descendant of Dan; an Israelite of the tribe of Dan.
n.
An ancient musical instrument in use among the Jews. Dan. iii. 5. It is supposed to be the same with the psaltery.
n.
Lady; mistress; madam; -- a title of respect used in Spain, prefixed to the Christian name of a lady.
n.
A viola da gamba.
adv.
Of each; an equal quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted, aa), / ij., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces.
n.
A variant of Dan, a title of honor.
pl.
of Auto-da-fe
n.
A title anciently given to the pope, and later to other church dignitaries and some monastic orders. See Don, and Dan.
n.
A title of honor equivalent to master, or sir.
n.
A disease; black jaundice. See Mel/na.
n.
Same as Auto-da-fe.
a. & adv.
No, not. See No.
n.
A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
n.
See Doa.
n.
A small truck or sledge used in coal mines.