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Concentration of a compound where 50% of its maximal effect is observed
Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) is a measure of the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a biological response halfway
EC50
Half maximal inhibitory concentration
IC50 is comparable to other measures of potency, such as EC50 for excitatory drugs. EC50 represents the dose or plasma concentration required for obtaining
IC50
Chemical which binds to and activates a biochemical receptor
inversely related to its half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value. The EC50 can be measured for a given agonist by determining the concentration
Agonist
Pharmaceutical compound
5-HT2A receptor agonists serotonin (5-HO-T) (EC50 = 79 nM; Emax = 100%) and (S)-α-methylserotonin ((S)-αMS) (EC50 = 54 nM; Emax = 103%). Substituted tryptamine
5-Allyloxy-AMT
Chemical compound
estrogen-related receptor (ERR) agonist, acting most strongly at ERRα with an EC50 of 98 nM. It was found to counteract metabolic syndrome in mice, suggesting
SLU-PP-332
5-HT2C receptor agonist
BMB-101 is a potent 5-HT2C agonist (EC50 = 16.2 nM) with minimal activity at 5-HT2A (EC50 = 2280 nM) and 5-HT2B (EC50 > 10000 nM) receptors. BMB-101 was
BMB-101
Measure of organism response to stimulus
as EC50, IC50, ED50, etc.) and measures of efficacy (such as tissue, cell or population response). A commonly used dose–response curve is the EC50 curve
Dose–response_relationship
Chemical compound
agonist, with a binding affinity of 0.29nM for CB1 and 0.91nM for CB2, and an EC50 of 6.36 nM for CB1. ADB-BINACA ADB-PINACA ADB-HEXINACA ADB-5'F-BUTINACA ADB-5'Br-BUTINACA
ADB-BUTINACA
Phenethylamine derivative
= 208 nM) in vitro, whereas it was inactive for serotonin (EC50 > 10,000 nM) and the EC50 for norepinephrine was not assessed but the drug induced 96%
2-Aminoacetophenone
Chemical compound
acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with EC50 values for induction of monoamine release of 175 nM for serotonin, 39.1 nM
Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine
Pharmaceutical compound
410 nM; EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy = 16%) and the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor (EC50 = 1,200 nM; EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy = 34%). These findings were also
5-MeO-pip-T
Pharmaceutical compound
of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, but only at very high concentrations (EC50 = >10,000 nM). It showed little activity at a selection of other serotonin
11-Methoxyasimilobine
Pharmaceutical compound
serotonin releasing agent (EC50 = 53.1 nM), and to be inactive in inducing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine (EC50 = >10,000 nM). Its activities
1-Methyltryptamine
Pharmaceutical compound
52 nM (EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy ≈ 30% of that of serotonin) and its EC50 at the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor is 143 nM. TACT908 is said to be a non-hallucinogenic
TACT908
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
were agonists in an assay of PI hydrolysis, with MDA (EC50=190nM) 10-fold more potent than MDMA (EC50=2000 nM) in addition to greater intrinsic efficacy
MDMA
Minor cannabinoid
potential channels TRPA1 (EC50 = 700 nM), TRPV1 (EC50 = 1,300 nM), TRPV2 (EC50 = 1,720 nM), TRPV3 (EC50 = 1,000 nM), and TRPV4 (EC50 = 5,100 nM) (efficacy
Cannabigerol
Velvet Ant toxin
occidentalis venom with an EC50 of 113 nM which is much lower than that of other peptides in the same venom (for example, Do10a has an EC50 of 75 μM). The sequence
Do6a
toxicology, there are some other safety factors including LD50, LC50, and EC50. Threshold dose is a dose of drug barely adequate to produce a biological
Threshold_dose
Pharmaceutical compound
receptor partial agonist with an EC50 of 370 nM and Emax of 67% as well as a serotonin 5-HT2C receptor partial agonist with an EC50 of 1,900 nM and Emax of 34%
2C-B-3PIP
Phytochemical
Ligusticum chuanxiong is a potent progestogen (EC50 = 90 nM), whereas riligustilide is a weak progestogen (EC50 ≈ 81 μM). Hajirahimkhan, Atieh; Dietz, Birgit;
Phytoprogestogen
Chemical compound
opioids. Brorphine was originally reported to be highly biased, with an EC50 of 4.8nM for GTPγS binding and 182nM for β-arrestin recruitment, however
Brorphine
Semi-sythetic cannabinoid drug
the CB1 receptors with an EC50 of 44.4nM for 9R-HHCP and 134nM for 9S-HHCP. Compared to Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) with an EC50 of 101nM for 9R-HHC and 1
Hexahydrocannabiphorol
Psychedelic drug
eliciting 50% of its maximal effect (half maximal effective concentration = EC50) at the human 5-HT2A receptor in vitro are in the 0.118–0.983 μmol/L range
Dimethyltryptamine
Pharmaceutical compound
inactive at the human TAAR1 (EC50 > 10,000 nM). TMA is also a very low-potency serotonin releasing agent (SRA), with an EC50 value of 16,000 nM. In contrast
3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
EK45 Westover March 9, 2000 Socorro LINEAR · 4.0 km MPC · JPL 17237 2000 EC50 — March 7, 2000 Višnjan Observatory K. Korlević · 3.1 km MPC · JPL 17238
List of minor planets: 17001–18000
List_of_minor_planets:_17001–18000
Chemical compound
potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (Ki = 2.87 nM, EC50 = 1.2 nM) and CB2 receptor (Ki = 0.88 nM, EC50 = 2.5 nM) and fully substitutes for Δ9-THC in rat
AB-PINACA
Serotonergic drug
activities (13, EC50 = 196 nM, Emax = 65%; 14, EC50 = 188 nM, Emax = 48%; 15, EC50 = 1803 nM, Emax = 18%) compared to that of psilocin (EC50 = 8.34 nM at
BMB-201
Units used in toxicology
at which there is a 50% effect (ex. EC50) for a certain biological endpoint. One toxic unit is equal to the EC50 for a given endpoint for a specific biological
Toxic_unit
Active metabolite of Δ9-THC
inhibition at CB1 it displays a similar potency to that of Δ9-THC (EC50 = 11 nM vs. EC50 = 5.2 nM, respectively), but a lower maximum response, i.e., efficacy
11-Hydroxy-THC
Pharmaceutical compound
4-methyl group with a trifluoromethyl (96, 4C-TFM, EC50 = 28.6 nM, Emax = 79.9%) or an n-propyl (97, 4C-Pr, EC50 = 29.5 nM, Emax = 83.8%) led to good agonist
4C-TFM
Pharmaceutical compound
partial agonist at the 5-HT2AR (EC50 = 1.6 nM, Emax = 51% (5- HT 100%)), but it was also a potent agonist of the 5-HT2CR (EC50 = 6.6 nM).166 (+)-13-Fluorolysergol
13-Fluorolysergol
Type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks a biological response
comparing the change in the dose ratio, the ratio of the EC50 of an agonist alone compared to the EC50 in the presence of a competitive antagonist as determined
Receptor_antagonist
Medication used for migraines & cluster headaches
individual antimigraine drugs at 5‐HT receptors [...] TABLE 2 Summary of pEC50 values of cAMP (5‐HT1A/B/E/F and 5‐HT7), GTPγS (5‐HT1A/B/D/E/F), and IP (5‐HT2)
Sumatriptan
Class of compounds
(EC50 = 41 nM) and NE (EC50 = 147 nM) with reduced activity as a releaser of DA (EC50 = 1,000 nM); the R(−)isomer of PMMA is a releaser of 5-HT (EC50 =
Monoamine_releasing_agent
Chemical compound
(EC50 = 41 nM) and NE (EC50 = 147 nM) with reduced activity as a releaser of DA (EC50 = 1,000 nM); the R(−)isomer of PMMA is a releaser of 5-HT (EC50 =
Para-Methoxyamphetamine
Pharmaceutical compound
methyl group on the α-position of DOM (EC50 = 36.9 nM, Emax = 96.6%) is replaced with an ethyl group (95, ariadne, EC50 = 182 nM, Emax = 79.1%) in the Gq-dissociation
5C-D
Sedating antihistamine
as a strong non-competitive selective NMDA receptor antagonist, with an EC50 of 20 μM; which might promote sedation in addition with the strong antihistaminergic
Promethazine
Pharmaceutical compound
The drug was inactive as a releasing agent of dopamine or norepinephrine (EC50 >10,000 nM). Its possible activity at serotonin receptors was not reported
Para-Nitrophenylpiperazine
these groups, some representative examples of which are listed below. Ki and EC50 values vary depending on the assay conditions used and so may not be directly
List of miscellaneous 5-HT2A receptor agonists
List_of_miscellaneous_5-HT2A_receptor_agonists
Never-marketed drug of the amphetamine family
S-(+)-amphetamine releases dopamine with an EC50 of 8.7 nM; the R-(−)-amphetamine is 3-fold weaker, at 27.7 nM (EC50) (Blough, Page et al. 2005). Although weaker
Norfenfluramine
Chemical compound
L-tert-Leucine. MDMB-FUBINACA has Ki values of 1.14nM at CB1 and 0.1228nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 0.2668nM at CB1 and 0.1411nM at CB2. There have been a large number
MDMB-FUBINACA
Field of study
binding assay, Patch clamp) Metrics Efficacy Intrinsic activity Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50, TD50) Therapeutic index Affinity Pharmacokinetics Metrics
Pharmacoepigenetics
Chemical compound
products. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor with EC50 values of 0.24 nM and 2.1 nM respectively. Twelve 5F-ADB-PINACA major metabolites
5F-ADB-PINACA
Pharmaceutical compound
highest potency at 5-HT2AR (EC50 = 6.3 nM, Emax = 82%) in this report, while displaying comparable potency at 5-HT2CR (EC50 = 8.0 nM, Emax = 95%). CN 115108986A
2-Hydroxy-11-(2-methylallyl)oxynoraporphine
2-Hydroxy-11-(2-methylallyl)oxynoraporphine
Substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule
that is required to produce the physiological response (often measured as EC50, the concentration required to produce the half-maximal response). High-affinity
Ligand_(biochemistry)
Chemical compound
which acts as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, with a 5-HT2A Ki of 11.5nM and an EC50 of 22nM. It is a biased agonist selective for activation of the Gq coupled
RS134-49
Synthetic cannabinoid
synthetic cannabinoid that binds to the CB1 and CB2 receptors. It has an EC50 of 159 nM for human CB1 receptors. A-CHMINACA is not hydrolized by human
A-CHMINACA
Chemical compound
agonist for the cannabinoid receptors. It is a full agonist at CB1 with an EC50 of 142 nM and Ki of 3.24 nM (compared to the Ki of Δ9-THC at 28.35 nM and
APINACA
Chemical compound
5F-MDMB-PICA is a potent agonist of both the CB1 receptor and the CB2 receptor with EC50 values of 0.45 nM and 7.4 nM, respectively. In the United States, 5F-MDMB-PICA
5F-MDMB-PICA
Class of chemical compounds
turned out to be a potent 5-HT2AR agonist (Gq BRET, EC50 = 58.9 nM (99.2%); β-arrestin2 BRET, EC50 = 44.7 nM (95.6%)). The introduction of a 2-methoxyphenyl
Pyridopyrroloquinoxaline
Psychedelic drug
0–340 (Ki) 2.4–3,836 (EC50) 16–98% (Emax) 5-HT2B 4.6–410 (Ki) 2.4–>20,000 (EC50) 1.4–84% (Emax) 5-HT2C 10–141 (Ki) 9.1–30 (EC50) 86–95% (Emax) 5-HT3 >10
4-AcO-DMT
Chemical compound found in some species of mushrooms
0–340 (Ki) 2.4–3,836 (EC50) 16–98% (Emax) 5-HT2B 4.6–410 (Ki) 2.4–>20,000 (EC50) 1.4–84% (Emax) 5-HT2C 10–141 (Ki) 9.1–30 (EC50) 86–95% (Emax) 5-HT3 >10
Psilocybin
American filmmaker
into the DACC Hall of Fame. In 2026, he was named an Explorers Club 50 (EC50) Awardee, an honor presented by ROLEX, an international designation given
Justin_Grubb
Stimulant and entactogen designer drug
(EC50 = 41 nM) and NE (EC50 = 147 nM) with reduced activity as a releaser of DA (EC50 = 1,000 nM); the R(−)isomer of PMMA is a releaser of 5-HT (EC50 =
Para-Methoxymethamphetamine
Chemical compound (CH3CH2CH2COOH)
15,000 HDAC9 2,000,000 Lower bound CA1 511,000 CA2 1,032,000 GPCR target pEC50 Entry note FFAR2 2.9–4.6 Full agonist FFAR3 3.8–4.9 Full agonist HCA2 2.8
Butyric_acid
Drug class
commonly used in pharmacological studies, induced IP3 accumulation with an EC50 of 36 ± 3.6 nM. It corresponded to 94% of the maximal response induced by
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist
Serotonin_5-HT2A_receptor_agonist
Flowering plant in the St John's wort family
among individual plants and populations. Notes: In brackets is the IC50/EC50 value depending on whether it is an inhibitory or inductive action being
Hypericum_perforatum
Pharmaceutical compound
The drug was inactive as a releasing agent of dopamine or norepinephrine (EC50 >10,000 nM). Its possible activity at serotonin receptors was not reported
3-Trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenylpiperazine
3-Trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenylpiperazine
Chemical compound
particular moronic acid derivative showed potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 values of 0.0085 μM against NL4-3, 0.021 μM against PI-R (a multiple protease
Moronic_acid
Stimulant designer drug
releasing agent with EC50 values of 30 nM and 43 nM, respectively. It shows only negligible efficacy as a releaser of serotonin, with an EC50 value of 2558 nM
3-Fluorophenmetrazine
Chemical compound
the 5-HT2A receptor, with an EC50 of 185.7 nM and an efficacy of 28.7% (vs 5-HT), and a full agonist at 5-HT2C with an EC50 of 89.7 nM and an efficacy of
5-TFM-DMT
Pharmaceutical compound
1ZP2MA has been found to be a potent dopamine releasing agent, with an EC50 of 62 nM. It is the α-methyl and N-desmethyl analogue of
1ZP2MA
Pharmaceutical compound
87–94%), the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor (EC50 = 770 nM; Emax = 20%), and the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (EC50 = 170–2,000 nM; Emax = 80–82%), whereas the
2C-B-3PIP-POMe
Topics referred to by the same term
(EC or E.C.) Search for "ec" on Wikipedia. Eastern Caribbean dollar (EC$) EC50, half maximal effective concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant Embedded
EC
Chemical compound
Ligusticum chuanxiong. It is a potent agonist of the progesterone receptor (EC50 = 90 nM). Another compound in the plant, riligustilide, is also a phytoprogestogen
3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide
Medication used to treat seizures
S-(+)-amphetamine releases dopamine with an EC50 of 8.7 nM; the R-(−)-amphetamine is 3-fold weaker, at 27.7 nM (EC50) (Blough, Page et al. 2005). Although weaker
Fenfluramine
Chemical compound
respectively. It has very weak activity as a releaser of serotonin, with an EC50 value of 7,765 to >10,000 nM. The drug is several times less potent than
Phenmetrazine
Psychedelic drug
mobilization (EC50 = 1.64 nM; Emax = 92.6%) but with 6-fold lower potency as a moderate-efficacy partial agonist in terms of β-arrestin2 recruitment (EC50 = 10
2C-B
Dopamine agonist medication
N-di-npropyldopamine, the EC50 of 7-hydroxyropinirole for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) was greatly improved. ROPI does not have a 7-hydroxy group and its EC50 for D2R
Ropinirole
Chemical compound
concentration of 88.5 nM. This is about 10-fold lower than the EC50 of dextroamphetamine. The EC50 values of ethylamphetamine for induction of norepinephrine
Etilamfetamine
Chemical compound
is also a highly potent agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor, with an EC50 of 4 nM. Whereas tryptamine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), and αMT show
5-MeO-AMT
Pharmaceutical compound
acts as a potent and selective agonist of formyl peptide receptor 2 with an EC50 of 0.88 nM, which inhibits neutrophil adhesion and has antiinflammatory effects
Rezuforimod
Chemical compound
Setmelanotide has been reported to possess the following activity profile (cAMP, EC50): MC4 (0.27 nM) > MC3 (5.3 nM) ≈ MC1 (5.8 nM) > MC5 (1600 nM) ≟ MC2 (>1000
Setmelanotide
British animal welfare activist
for her commitment to animal welfare, including: 2025 - Explorers Club 50 (EC50) 2002 - Genesis Award; in 2005 - the Reader's Digest Hero for Today Award;
Jill_Robinson
Chemical compound
drug which acts as a potent and selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist, with an EC50 of 1nM and 15x selectivity over 5-HT2A, although it only has moderate selectivity
YM-348
Pharmaceutical compound
release are 21.6 nM for serotonin and 55.2 nM for dopamine, whereas the EC50 for norepinephrine was not reported. However, AMAPN induced 92% release of
1-Naphthylmethcathinone
Medication used for the treatment of excessive sleepiness
solriamfetol has been found to act as an agonist of the human and rodent TAAR1 (EC50 = 10–16 μM) at clinically relevant concentrations similar to those of its
Solriamfetol
Chemical compound
cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 60.09 nM at CB1 and 45.298 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 9.481 nM at CB1 and 1.008 nM at CB2. It was designed by Jos Lange
NNE1
Chemical compound
selective partial agonist for the cannabinoid receptor subtype CB2, with an EC50 of 0.65 nM and selectivity of around 1200x for CB2 over CB1 receptors. Animal
GW-405,833
Chemical compound
original patent claiming approximately 4x selectivity for CB1, having an EC50 of <0.1 nM for human CB1 receptors and 0.37 nM for human CB2 receptors. In
5F-CUMYL-PINACA
Chemical compound
receptor agonist (Ki > 5 μM; EC50 > 5 μM) Farnesoid X receptor antagonist (IC50 = 5–50 μM) Pregnane X receptor agonist (EC50 = 2.4 μM ((Z)-isomer)) Guggulsterone
Guggulsterone
Chemical compound
cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 0.9 nM at CB1 and 23.2 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 1.8 nM at CB1 and 3.2 nM at CB2. It was originally developed by
AB-FUBINACA
Investigational antipsychotic
agonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (EC50 = 2,300 nM; Emax = 74.7%) and of the serotonin 5-HT1D receptor (EC50 = 262 nM; Emax = 57.1%). Conversely, its
Ulotaront
Pharmaceutical compound
46% (EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy) 5-HT2B ND (Ki) 200 (EC50) 27% (Emax) 5-HT2C 16 (Ki) ND (EC50) ND (Emax) 5-HT3 ND 5-HT4 ND 5-HT5A ND 5-HT6 ND 5-HT7 ND
25T4-NBOMe
Chemical compound
and 49-fold selectivity over 5-HT2C. It has a 5-HT2A Ki of 680 nM and an EC50 of 41 nM. (R)-69 is a biased agonist selective for activation of the Gq coupled
(R)-69
Measure of relative response to a drug
measure of the ability of the drug to bind to its molecular target, and the EC50, which is a measure of the potency of the drug and which is proportional
Intrinsic_activity
Synthetic cannabinoid
agonist of the CB1 receptor with a binding affinity of Ki = 0.09 nM and an EC50 of 1.09 nM. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009, being example
ADSB-FUB-187
Chemical compound
an EC50 value of 0.96mM which indicates low antioxidant activity compared to reference compounds catechin (EC50 = 0.009 mM) and ascorbic acid (EC50 = 0
Cyclamin
Pharmaceutical compound
monoamine transporters (MATs). The dopamine/serotonin ratio was 0.48. Its EC50 at the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor was 1,130 nM, whereas its IC50Tooltip half-maximal
1Z2MAP1O
Weight loss medication
and 5-HT2C receptors. Its EC50 values at these receptors are >10,000 nM, 5,370 nM, and 6,456 nM, respectively. These EC50 values are >324-fold, 164-fold
Chlorphentermine
Chemical compound
as a serotonin receptor agonist selective for the 5-HT2 subtypes, with an EC50 of 1.6 nM at 5-HT2A, vs 5.8 nM at 5-HT2C. It is structurally related to the
ZC-B
Chemical compound
a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with EC50 values of 2.6 nM at CB1 and 3.0 nM at CB2. AB-FUBICA AB-FUBINACA ADB-FUBINACA
ADB-FUBICA
Chemical compound
individual antimigraine drugs at 5‐HT receptors [...] TABLE 2 Summary of pEC50 values of cAMP (5‐HT1A/B/E/F and 5‐HT7), GTPγS (5‐HT1A/B/D/E/F), and IP (5‐HT2)
Naratriptan
Chemical compound
activity despite a nearly 20-fold increase in DMS blood levels compared to the EC50 (i.e. the amount required to achieve the desired effect in 50% of the population)
Desmethylsertraline
Chemical compound
drug since late 2018. 4F-MDMB-BINACA is an agonist of the CB1 receptor (EC50 = 7.39 nM), though it is unclear whether it is selective for this target
4F-MDMB-BINACA
Principal psychoactive metabolite of the oneirogen ibogaine
(GDP-GTP exchange) signaling pathway with 75% the efficacy of dynorphin A (EC50 = 9 μM), but it is only 12% as efficacious at activating the β-arrestin pathway
Noribogaine
International standard managed by the United Nations
toxicity categories on the basis of acute toxicity data: LC50 (fish) or EC50 (crustacean) or ErC50 (for algae or other aquatic plants). These acute toxicity
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals
Chemical compound
AB-001 revealed that it acts as a full agonist at CB1 (EC50 = 35 nM) and CB2 receptors (EC50 = 48 nM). However, AB-001 was found to possess only weak
AB-001
Pharmaceutical compound
of the vasopressin V2 receptor (EC50 = 0.25 nM) and a very weak modulator of the vasopressin V1A and V1B receptors (EC50 = 966 nM and 760 nM, respectively)
LIT-002
Benzodiazepine medication
allosteric modulator of the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor with an EC50 value of 10.3 nM. It has been sold as a designer drug. Lorazepam, licensed
3-Hydroxyphenazepam
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
Female
English
Latin form of Greek Eirênê, IRENE means "peace." In mythology, this is the name of a goddess of peace.Â
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Fight
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Wife
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Lustrous
Boy/Male
Indian
Judge
Boy/Male
Sikh
Cross over water, Ford worldly cares
Girl/Female
British, English
Unusual Nature Name
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of the mind, God of mind
Boy/Male
Hindu
Point where the Sky & sea appears to Meet
Boy/Male
Biblical
My idol; lord over me.
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50
EC50