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Electron trajectories in electromagnetic fields
Electron optics is a mathematical framework for the calculation of electron trajectories in the presence of electromagnetic fields. The term optics is
Electron_optics
Type of microscope with electrons as a source of illumination
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of "illumination". It uses electron optics that are analogous to the glass
Electron_microscope
Relation of wavelength/wavenumber as a function of a wave's frequency
32 fJ) electrons in a transmission electron microscope, the energy dependence of higher-order Laue zone (HOLZ) lines in convergent beam electron diffraction
Dispersion_relation
German physicist (1906–1988)
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope. Ernst Ruska was born in Heidelberg
Ernst_Ruska
Imaging and diffraction using electrons that pass through samples
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission_electron_microscopy
Narrow beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles
pencils, optics deals with astigmatic pencils as well. In electron optics, scanning electron microscopes use narrow pencil beams to achieve a deep depth
Pencil_(optics)
American microscope technology company
and electron microscopy. The name was shortened to FEI Company in 1973. In 1978, Dr. J.H. Orloff, a research specialist in electrostatic optics for field
FEI_Company
Emission of electrons induced by an electrostatic field
Field electron emission, also known as field-induced electron emission, field emission (FE) and electron field emission, is the emission of electrons from
Field_electron_emission
Physical quantity of interest in chemistry and electrodynamics
electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics. It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator
Mass-to-charge_ratio
Electrical component producing a narrow electron beam
which will glow when struck by an electron. Optics Electron-beam technology H.G. Kirk, R. Miller, D. Yeremian, Electron guns and pre-injectors, pp. 99-103
Electron_gun
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
three-dimensional wave equation for the electron. He was guided by William Rowan Hamilton's analogy between mechanics and optics (see Hamilton's optico-mechanical
Matter_wave
(crystalline) films. High-energy electrons (15-20 keV) are emitted from an electron gun, focused using a set of condenser optics, and sent through a magnetic
Low-energy electron microscopy
Low-energy_electron_microscopy
Lithographic technique that uses a scanning beam of electrons
to consistently achieve resolution at this scale. With today's electron optics, electron-beam widths can routinely go down to a few nanometers. This is
Electron-beam_lithography
aberrations that plagued early electron microscopes. These early correctors were crucial in understanding the behavior of electron optics and provided a stepping
Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy
Aberration-corrected_transmission_electron_microscopy
sold by LEO (Leica electron optics, a company jointly owned by Leica and Zeiss). The integrated system comprises a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with
QEMSCAN
Book by Max Born and Emil Wolf
Principles of Optics, colloquially known as Born and Wolf, is an optics textbook written by Max Born and Emil Wolf that was initially published in 1959
Principles_of_Optics
Branch of physics
Nonlinear optics (NLO) is a branch of optics that studies the case when optical properties of matter depend on the intensity of the input light. Nonlinear
Nonlinear_optics
Type of electron microscope
electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
Scanning_electron_microscope
Academic journal
Editor of Advanced Materials, when the Wiley journal Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics (starting in 1992) was discontinued; the volume numbering
Advanced_Functional_Materials
German physicist (1899–1987)
Otto Ernst Heinrich Klemperer (1899 – 1987) was a physicist expert in electron optics. He was granted his doctorate by the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Otto_Ernst_Heinrich_Klemperer
American academic administrator
Academy of Engineering in 1978 for contributions to the electron optics of the scanning electron microscope and to its use in electronics and biology. He
Thomas_Eugene_Everhart
Device that controls current between electrodes
it to provide a display of practical brightness. (The electron optics of the wideband electron gun could not provide enough current to directly excite
Vacuum_tube
Branch of physics that studies light
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour, manipulation, and detection of electromagnetic radiation, including its interactions with matter
Optics
Device that converts x-rays into visible light with greater contrast
window, typically aluminum, input fluorescent screen, photocathode, electron optics, output fluorescent screen and output window. These parts are all mounted
X-ray_image_intensifier
Japanese manufacturer of scientific instruments
company, Kazato and Ito chose to found a new organization. The Japan Electron Optics Laboratory Company, Limited (Nihon Denshi Kogaku Kenkyujo) was founded
JEOL
electron microscopy. LP-EM overcomes the key limitation of electron microscopy: since the electron optics requires a high vacuum, the sample must be stable in
Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy
Liquid-Phase_Electron_Microscopy
Australian physicist (1923–2004)
reference in the field. His ideas, enthusiasm and basic understanding of electron optics and diffraction phenomena provided a valued source of leadership to
John_M._Cowley
Academic journal
Light and Electron Optics, or simply Optik (German for Optics) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the optics of light and electrons. According
Optik_(journal)
Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter
are available for many materials. Electron diffraction in a TEM exploits controlled electron beams using electron optics. Different types of diffraction
Electron_diffraction
Ray tracing technique
particles through the magnet installations of a particle accelerator, see electron optics. This technique, as described below, is derived using the paraxial
Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis
of Electron Optics: Basic Geometrical Optics. Academic Press. pp. 517–. ISBN 978-0-08-096241-2. Riecke, W.D. (11 November 2013). Magnetic Electron Lenses
Stigmator
Device used to perform different forms of electron spectroscopy and electron microscopy
S2CID 250872079. Zworykin, V; Morton, G; Ramberg, E; Hillier J; Vance A (1945). Electron optics and the electron microscope. John Wiley and Sons, New York. v t e
Electron_spectrometer
German physicist (1909–1982
headquarters in Berlin and Frankfurt-on-Main. There, he did research on electron optics. He completed his Habilitation in 1934, and he then became a Privatdozent
Otto_Scherzer
German born American electrical engineer (1893–1961)
lecture on electron optics was approaching Siemens applied for a patent on Rudenberg's electrostatic-lens instrument and his general electron microscope
Reinhold_Rudenberg
German physicist
was a German physicist. He was a pioneer of electron optics and laid the theoretical basis for the electron microscope. From 1904 to 1905 he studied physics
Hans_Busch
Lens for charged particles
to enable an electron beam to scan the image by deflecting it vertically and horizontally. Charged particle beam Electron optics Electron beam technology
Magnetic_lens
Laser using electron beam in vacuum as gain medium
(1978). "Operation regimes of Cerenkov-Smith-Purcell free electron lasers and T.W. Amplifiers". Optics Communications. 26 (3): 375–380. Bibcode:1978OptCo..26
Free-electron_laser
However, in SCEM, the collection optics are arranged symmetrically to the illumination optics to gather only the electrons that pass the beam focus. This
Scanning confocal electron microscopy
Scanning_confocal_electron_microscopy
Elementary particle with negative charge
The electron (e− , or β− in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. It is an elementary particle
Electron
German physicist
the Technical University of Aachen and established its Department of Electron Optics and Precision Engineering, where he worked until his sudden death in
Bodo_von_Borries
American electron microscope manufacturer
(2002-08-08). "Sub-ångstrom resolution using aberration corrected electron optics". Nature. 418 (6898): 617–620. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..617B. doi:10
Nion_(company)
Ruska West Germany "For his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope." Gerd Binnig Switzerland "For their
List of Nobel laureates in Physics
List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics
Vacuum tube used to display images
cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams, which are directed and controlled to display images
Cathode_ray_tube
Type of optical lens
optical transformation, such as electrons in electron microscopy, neutron radiation, and synchrotron radiation optics. Condensers are located above the
Condenser_(optics)
Provisioner of scientific consumables, equipment, and services
Company (Acq 2016) FEI Company (Merged 1997) Field Electron and Ion Co. (Est 1971) Philips Electron Optics Micrion (Acq 1999) MTI-GlobalStem (Acq 2016) Finesse
Thermo_Fisher_Scientific
Type of electron gun
A field emission gun (FEG) is a type of electron gun in which a sharply pointed Müller-type[clarification needed] emitter is held at several kilovolts
Field_emission_gun
Basic concept in accelerator physics
lenses, RF-fields. This transverse motion is the subject of study of electron optics. Betatron oscillations were first studied by D.W. Kerst and R. Serber
Betatron_oscillations
Component
acceptance of the accelerator. Charged particle beam Dipole magnet Electron optics Halbach cylinder Multipole magnet Quadrupole magnet "Sextupole magnet"
Sextupole_magnet
Group of four magnets
particles in the horizontal plane. Charged particle beam Dipole magnet Electron optics Halbach cylinder Sextupole magnet Multipole magnet Accelerator physics
Quadrupole_magnet
Electromagnetic quantum-mechanical effect in regions of zero magnetic and electric field
S2CID 118929792. Ehrenberg, W; Siday, RE (1949). "The Refractive Index in Electron Optics and the Principles of Dynamics". Proceedings of the Physical Society
Aharonov–Bohm_effect
Effect of a material on light
frequency. Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used to refer to optics specifically, as opposed to wave propagation in general. A medium having
Dispersion_(optics)
electron cryomicroscopy (CryoSEM) is a form of electron microscopy where a hydrated but cryogenically fixed sample is imaged on a scanning electron microscope's
Scanning electron cryomicroscopy
Scanning_electron_cryomicroscopy
Hungarian-British physicist (1900–1979)
interest in electron optics. Studying the fundamental processes of the oscillograph, Gabor was led to other electron-beam devices such as electron microscopes
Dennis_Gabor
Sub-field of quantum physics and optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light)
Quantum_optics
City and municipality in North Brabant, Netherlands
information technology, with companies such as FEI Company (once Philips Electron Optics), NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips Semiconductors), ASML, ALTEN
Eindhoven
American physicist, author and professor (born 1942)
charged particle optics, applications of field emission processes, high-brightness electron and ion sources, focused ion and electron beams and their applications
Jon_Orloff
Germany West Germany "For his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope." 1987 J. Georg Bednorz 16 May 1950
List of German Nobel laureates
List_of_German_Nobel_laureates
Optical system with resolution performance at the instrument's theoretical limit
In optics, any optical instrument or system—a microscope, telescope, or camera—has a principal limit to its resolution due to the physics of diffraction
Diffraction-limited_system
Type of electron microscopy
emission microscope (PEEM). In 1963, Gertrude F. Rempfer designed the electron optics for an early ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) PEEM. In 1965, G. Burroughs at
Photoemission electron microscopy
Photoemission_electron_microscopy
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
illumination options. Despite the potential of the optics to reach sub-20 nm resolution, secondary electrons in resist practically limit the resolution to
EUV_lithography
City in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
(1906–1988), physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986, worked on electron optics Harald zur Hausen (1936–2023), virologist, awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology
Heidelberg
Video camera tube
at the time there was an insufficient knowledge of electron optics, the manipulation of an electron beam by electric or magnetic fields. American television
Image_dissector
Scanning electron microscope with a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber
high-pressure gaseous environment is separated from the high vacuum of the electron optics column with at least two small orifices customarily referred to as
Environmental scanning electron microscope
Environmental_scanning_electron_microscope
Scientific instrument for observing small objects
and transmission electron microscopes both use the theory of lenses (optics for light microscopes and electromagnet lenses for electron microscopes) in
Microscope
one for electron microscopy and the other for optics, each with their own secretaries. In 1976, during the 6th European Congress of Electron Microscopy
Swiss Society for Optics and Microscopy
Swiss_Society_for_Optics_and_Microscopy
Italian-American physicist (1907–1995)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) for his work on electron optics, electron physics, and television. 1989 – Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize from
Edward_Ramberg
Iterative solving method
Fields. New York: Springer. P. Grivet, P.W. Hawkes, A.Septier (1972). Electron Optics, 2nd edition. Pergamon Press. ISBN 9781483137858. D. W. O. Heddle (2000)
Relaxation_(iterative_method)
American electrical engineer, scientist, and author
his stimulus and contributions to electron optics, travelling wave tube theory, and the control of noise in electron streams". He was elected to the American
John_R._Pierce
French technology company
research. Grivet acquired expertise in electron optics, and obtained a government order for an electrostatic electron microscope during the period of German
Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil
Compagnie_générale_de_la_télégraphie_sans_fil
Scientific subject in botany
in Physics for his foundational contributions to electron optics and the design of the first electron microscope. This first image distinctly reveals the
Wood_anatomy
Changing the direction of the main lobe of a radiation pattern
achieving higher scanning speeds and wider bandwidths. Beamforming Electron optics Phased array A S, Pradeep; Bidkar, G A; D, Thippesha; Nagaraj; M P
Beam_steering
American female scientist
of electron microscopes. Rempfer's innovations in electron microscopy extended to both transmission electron microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy
Gertrude_F._Rempfer
Study of matter-light interactions at small scales
interactions, at the scale of one or a few atoms and energy scales around several electron volts. The three areas are closely interrelated. AMO theory includes classical
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Atomic,_molecular,_and_optical_physics
Light-conducting fiber
concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics. The term was coined by Indian-American physicist Narinder Singh Kapany
Optical_fiber
Physics experiment
Paget Thomson and his research student Alexander Reid demonstrated that electrons show the same behavior, which was later extended to atoms and molecules
Double-slit_experiment
Idealised system for theoretical analysis
Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Hone, James; Ghosh, Avik W. (2016-09-30). "Electron optics with p-n junctions in ballistic graphene". Science. 353 (6307): 1522–1525
Dynamical_billiards
Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation Technique in Optics. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. 117(10), pp. 481–488 http://www.elsevier-deutschland
Matrix representation of Maxwell's equations
Matrix_representation_of_Maxwell's_equations
Used to understand the Dirac equation
regime between light optics and charged-particle optics to be seen (see Electron optics). Relativistic quantum mechanics Schrieffer–Wolff transformation Foldy
Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation
Foldy–Wouthuysen_transformation
Device for focusing charged particles
Charged Particle Optics, Second Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-4555-0. El-Kareh, A (2 December 2012). Electron Beams, Lenses, and Optics. Elsevier Science
Electrostatic_lens
Light rays follow quickest paths
also known as the principle of least time, is the link between ray optics and wave optics. Fermat's principle states that the path taken by a ray between
Fermat's_principle
American physicist (1927–2009)
concerned with electron optics and electron microscopes. Beginning in the 1970s and continuing to the present day commercial electron microscopes were
Albert_Crewe
German physicist
aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Rose was born in Bremen. Rose received in 1964 his physics Diplom in theoretical electron optics under Otto Scherzer
Harald_Rose
Single-molecule sequencing technology
under an electron microscope, it must be labeled with heavy atoms. In addition, specialized imaging techniques and aberration corrected optics are beneficial
Transmission electron microscopy DNA sequencing
Transmission_electron_microscopy_DNA_sequencing
2013-04-18. Ehrenberg, W; Siday, RE (1949). "The Refractive Index in Electron Optics and the Principles of Dynamics". Proceedings of the Physical Society
Timeline of condensed matter physics
Timeline_of_condensed_matter_physics
Method of microscopic imaging
X-ray optics. Bragg ptychography, for measuring strain in crystals, was demonstrated by Hruszkewycz in 2012. In 2012 it was also shown that electron ptychography
Ptychography
Type of mathematical relation
(2005). "Nonlinear Optics Basics. Kramers–Kronig Relations in Nonlinear Optics". In Robert D. Guenther (ed.). Encyclopedia of Modern Optics. Amsterdam: Academic
Kramers–Kronig_relations
Branch of optics
X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light. It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams
X-ray_optics
Elementary particle or quantum of light
particle and its corresponding antiparticle are annihilated (for example, electron–positron annihilation). In a quantum mechanical model, electromagnetic
Photon
Research apparatus for particle physics
"Demonstration of acceleration of relativistic electrons at a dielectric microstructure using femtosecond laser pulses". Optics Letters. 41 (12): 2696–2699. Bibcode:2016OptL
Particle_accelerator
Interference phenomenon of waves
Modern Optics. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-65957-2. Ayahiko Ichimiya; Philip I. Cohen (13 December 2004). Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction
Diffraction
Austrian scientist and writer (1927–2022)
doctorate in theoretical physics in 1950 by writing a dissertation about electron optics. Since 1957, he worked as a freelance author. From 1973 to 1997 he
Herbert_W._Franke
Device used in television cameras
where the electrons pinch together and diverge again) onto the screen. The electron optics of camera tubes differ considerably. Electrons inside these
Video_camera_tube
Devices using beams of free electrons
is used in microelectronics, optics, and material research, and to produce solar cells and many other products. Electron-beam curing is a method of curing
Electron-beam_technology
Organization
the science of optics and photonics and their applications. It emphasises the unity of the crossdisciplinary field of optics. Optics and photonics are
International Commission for Optics
International_Commission_for_Optics
"Development of the electron microscope" “for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope” "Work on
List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1940–1949)
List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine_(1940–1949)
Physical property of allowing light
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without
Transparency_and_translucency
Using wave optics to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
technique as originally invented is still used in electron microscopy, where it is known as electron holography. Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics
Holography
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
fields where this limitation applies include electronics (due to electrons), optics (due to photons), biology (due to DNA), physics (due to Planck limits)
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Flow of electric charge
An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate
Electric_current
Austrian physicist (born 1950)
greatly enhancing the resolving power of electron microscopy by developing aberration-corrected electron optics, a breakthrough enabling subatomic precision
Maximilian_Haider
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ELECTRON OPTICS
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Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a personal name of Gaulish origin, represented in Latin records in the form Caraunus. This name was borne by a 5th-century Breton saint who lived at Chartres and was murdered by robbers; his legend led to its widespread use as a personal name during the Middle Ages.English (of Norman origin) and French : habitational name for someone from Cairon in Calvados, France.English and French : metonymic occupational name for a carter, or possibly a cartwright, from a Norman and Picard form of Old French c(h)arron ‘cart’.There was a Caron or LeCaron, a missionary priest, in Quebec in 1615. The marriage of a Caron, of unknown origin, is recorded in Quebec in 1637.
Boy/Male
English American
A sometimes used as an independent name. Also, in England, 'Ernie' refers to the Electronic...
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Choice; Preference; Selection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for the buyer of provisions for a large household, from a reduced form of Anglo-Norman French acatour (Late Latin acceptator, an agent derivative of acceptare ‘to accept’). Modern English caterer results from the addition of a second agent suffix to the word.Slovenian (ÄŒater) : status name for a person who read out the Slovenian ceremonial text at the installation of the Carantanian rulers and, later, Carinthian dukes, derived from the dialect verb Äatiti ‘to read’. Carantania was the early medieval Slovenian state on the territory of present-day Carinthia and Styria, now divided between Austria and Slovenia. The people’s installation of the Carantanian rulers was an exceptional example of democratic elections in medieval Europe. Thomas Jefferson knew about it and was influenced by it in his thinking about American Independence.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling of German Köter (see Koetter).
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Greek
Bright; Shining
Girl/Female
Greek
Sparkling. The fiery sun. Mythological daughter of Agamemnon. In literature she was a central...
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Indian, Tamil
To Choose; Selection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English biscop, Old English bisc(e)op ‘bishop’, which comes via Latin from Greek episkopos ‘overseer’. The Greek word was adopted early in the Christian era as a title for an overseer of a local community of Christians, and has yielded cognates in every European language: French évêque, Italian vescovo, Spanish obispo, Russian yepiskop, German Bischof, etc. The English surname has probably absorbed at least some of these continental European cognates. The word came to be applied as a surname for a variety of reasons, among them service in the household of a bishop, supposed resemblance in bearing or appearance to a bishop, and selection as the ‘boy bishop’ on St. Nicholas’s Day.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Selection choice
Female
Italian
Italian form of Latin Electra, ELETTRA means "bright, shining."
Boy/Male
Arabic
Electric Light
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Election; Last Dream
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selection, Choice
Girl/Female
American, Hindu, Indian
Selection
Boy/Male
Biblical
Election; he that is chosen.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Selection; Choice
Biblical
election; he that is chosen;he will choose;chooser; God does choose;
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Greek kyanos, CYAN means "dark blue" and "lapis lazuli." The color cyan is also sometimes called blue-green, electric blue, and turquoise.Â
ELECTRON OPTICS
ELECTRON OPTICS
ELECTRON OPTICS
ELECTRON OPTICS
ELECTRON OPTICS
ELECTRON OPTICS
ELECTRON OPTICS
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