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regarded as exonyms. Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms. A less common form of exonym is usage for
English_exonyms
Categories in etymology
As exonyms develop for places of significance for speakers of the language of the exonym, consequently, many European capitals have English exonyms, for
Endonym_and_exonym
accurate to their endonyms than the English exonyms if the endonym is significantly different from the English exonym. The names for nations and cities
Japanese_exonyms
exonyms for formerly German places and other places in non-German-speaking areas of the world. Archaic names are in italics. List of German exonyms for
German_exonyms
italics. Endonym and exonym German exonyms German names for Central European towns German placename etymology List of European exonyms Names for Germany
List of English exonyms for German-speaking places
List_of_English_exonyms_for_German-speaking_places
exonyms English exonyms Finnish exonyms German exonyms German exonyms (Moselle) Hungarian exonyms Icelandic exonyms Irish exonyms Lithuanian exonyms Old
List_of_European_exonyms
Italian exonyms in Dalmatia Italian exonyms in Istria Czech exonyms Danish exonyms Dutch exonyms English exonyms Finnish exonyms German German exonyms Australian
List of names of European cities in different languages
List_of_names_of_European_cities_in_different_languages
Aspect of European colonization of the Americas
peoples). Although Indian is the most common collective name, many English exonyms have been used to refer to the Indigenous peoples of the Americas (also
Native American name controversy
Native_American_name_controversy
Many traditional places were renamed in Pakistan before and after the independence of the country in 1947. Here is a list of renamed places in Pakistan
List of renamed places in Pakistan
List_of_renamed_places_in_Pakistan
Historical province of Sweden
[ˈdɑ̂ːlaɳa] ; lit. 'the Dales' or 'the Valleys'), also referred to by the English exonyms Dalecarlia and the Dales, is a landskap (historical province) in central
Dalarna
German term for a region within a country
in the Middle Ages, when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire. The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision
Gau_(territory)
Below is a list of Portuguese language exonyms for places in non-Portuguese-speaking areas. Some of them are used exclusively in European Portuguese (marked
Portuguese_exonyms
"Burmese" as "Myanma," and permitted authorities to rename any of the English language names of any state, division, township zone, township, town, ward
List of renamed places in Myanmar
List_of_renamed_places_in_Myanmar
Historical region of Canada
New Britain as a historical term of limited usage referred in its day to the poorly mapped lands of North America north of 17th-century New France. The
New_Britain_(Canada)
Business Standard. 13 June 2026. "Odisha Govt Approves Correction of English Spellings of 64 Places to Restore Odia Identity". Prameya News. 13 June
List of renamed places in India
List_of_renamed_places_in_India
Historical name for the island continent of Australia
known for his discovery of Tasmania (called by him Van Diemen's Land). The English Captain William Dampier used the name in his account of his two voyages
New_Holland_(Australia)
Historical province of Sweden
Östergötland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈœ̂sːtɛrˌjøːtland] ; English exonym: East Gothland) is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish)
Östergötland
Exonyms for places outside of the core of the Roman empire
Below is list of Latin exonyms for places outside of the core of the Roman empire during the time Latin was in common use: List of European exonyms
Latin_exonyms
Historical and cultural geographical region
The name Scania for Skåne is particularly common in English. Some English exonyms and spellings, such as the Dales for Dalarna, East Gothland for Östergötland
Provinces_of_Sweden
ISBN 1-86085-377-3 (1999) Book of Llandaff Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary List of European exonyms List of European regions with alternative names List
Welsh_exonyms
West Pomeranian Voivodeship German exonyms List of Polish exonyms for places in Germany List of European exonyms List of cities and towns in East Prussia
List of German names for places in Poland
List_of_German_names_for_places_in_Poland
Placenames in German speaking areas
toponymy German exonyms German names for Central European towns List of English exonyms for German toponyms List of European exonyms Danzig-Putzig. Reichsamt
German_toponymy
Study of place names
Japanese place names Korean toponymy and list of place names List of English exonyms for German toponyms List of Latin place names in Europe List of modern
Toponymy
Names that speakers of Old Norse assigned to foreign places and peoples
v t e Exonyms per language Albanian Arabic Chinese Cornish Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Finnish German Hungarian Icelandic Irish Japanese Latin
List_of_Old_Norse_exonyms
themselves and their country) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Poles and their country). Endonyms and most exonyms for Poles and Poland derive
Names_of_Poland
Nju Jork, etc. These are not listed here. True Albanian exonyms, not mere orthographic exonyms, like all Albanian placenames can be rendered in two forms
Albanian_exonyms
-havn → -hagen -lev → -leff -sted → -stedt -ved → -vedt German exonyms List of European exonyms "Åbenrå | Fjord City, Coastal Town, Fishing Village | Britannica"
List of German exonyms for places in Denmark
List_of_German_exonyms_for_places_in_Denmark
historical exonyms, as exonym use varies over time. As an example, Carigrad is a disused exonym for Istanbul, which replaced an even older exonym, Stambol
Croatian_exonyms
Exonym nouns in Icelandic language
very different or for European/Nordic places. List of European exonyms Old Norse exonyms Oddur Ævar Gunnarsson (16 November 2022). "Belarús mun líklega
Icelandic_exonyms
exception since it is not a case of a "dropped umlaut", but is a genuine English exonym, used also in French (from Latin Turicum)—therefore it may be seen written
English terms with diacritical marks
English_terms_with_diacritical_marks
Finnish language exonyms for places in non-Finnish-speaking areas: Note that the Finnish language inflects place names where English use prepositions
Finnish_exonyms
Below is a list of Vietnamese exonyms for various places around the world: Historical exonyms include place names of bordering countries, namely Thailand
Vietnamese_exonyms
Identifier or designation referring to ethnicity
exonym used in the English language, but the Germans call themselves Deutsche, an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across
Ethnonym
Hungarian names of these towns, see list of German exonyms for places in Slovakia and list of Hungarian exonyms for places in Slovakia. Bratislava Košice Prešov
List of cities and towns in Slovakia
List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Slovakia
Legendary King of Sweden
Ivar Vidfamne (or Ívarr inn víðfaðmi; English exonym Ivar Widefathom; Danish Ivar Vidfadme – in Norwegian and Danish the form Ivar Vidfavne is sometimes
Ivar_Vidfamne
list of Spanish exonyms, Spanish names for places that do not speak Spanish that differ from the names used locally. Some Spanish exonyms are traditional
Spanish_exonyms
spelling; at the time Dutch spelling varied. "Dutch exonyms". Buitenlandse Aardrijkskundige Namen (in Dutch). Retrieved 2025-09-07. List of European exonyms
Dutch_exonyms
1844–1847 military conflict in modern-day French Polynesia
association with the largest and most populous islands of Tahiti. Other English exonyms exist for the other islands as well including: the Raiatean of Raiatea
Franco-Tahitian_War
alcoholic beverage List of English words of Sami origin Finnish name Finglish Finnish exonyms For a list of words relating to English-language terms derived
List of English words of Finnish origin
List_of_English_words_of_Finnish_origin
King of Sweden c.1067–1070
Halsten Stenkilsson (English exonym: Alstan; Old Icelandic: Hallstein) was King of Sweden from c. 1067 to 1070. The son of King Stenkil and a Swedish princess
Halsten_Stenkilsson
most provinces are listed by their modern Swedish names with Latin or English exonyms, by which many past dukes have been known, given as alternatives. Years
Duchies_in_Sweden
Period of English history (1485–1603) under the Tudor dynasty
around 1513 or 1514. First believed to come from 'little Egypt', an English exonym given to an area around part of the Peloponnese peninsula in what is
Tudor_period
Armed and diplomatic conflicts between France and native kingdoms of French Polynesia
association with the largest and most populous islands of Tahiti. Other English exonyms exist for the other islands as well including the Raiatean of Raiatea
French annexation of the Leeward Islands
French_annexation_of_the_Leeward_Islands
indigenous peoples of the Americas groups are known better by their Algonquian exonyms, rather than by their endonym, such as the Eskimo (see below), Winnebago
List of English words from Indigenous languages of the Americas
List_of_English_words_from_Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
Métairies-Saint-Quirin has been located in Cubolot since 1920. German exonyms List of European exonyms (In French.) Archives de Meurthe-et-Moselle, B 739, No. 39
Correspondence of Lorraine toponyms in French and German
Correspondence_of_Lorraine_toponyms_in_French_and_German
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Upsala in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Upsala is the English exonym for the name of Uppsala, a city in Sweden. It may also refer to the following
Upsala
Chinese exonym for Vientiane is 万象 (Wànxiàng), while the Taiwanese exonym is 永珍 (Yǒngzhēn). The exonyms below are all in Mandarin Chinese. Exonyms used in
Chinese_exonyms
Ethnic group living on the Iberian Peninsula
(Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈtanos], an exonym which the community has adopted, literally translated into English as Gypsies) belong to the Iberian Romani
Romani_people_in_Spain
Berber ethnic group of the Sahara desert
the tagelmust garment that is traditionally worn by Tuareg men. The English exonym "Blue People" is similarly derived from the indigo color of the tagelmust
Tuareg_people
European ethnic group
quality of Ruthenian exonyms is often recognized in modern, mainly Western authors, particularly those who prefer to use exonyms (foreign in origin) over
Ruthenians
Ethnic group
of the largest communities of Romani people (commonly known by the English exonym "gypsies", Spanish: gitanos). The Spanish Roma, which belong to the
Spaniards
Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in
Irish_exonyms
This list of Arabic exonyms includes names that are significantly different from the names of the same places in other languages, as well as names of
Arabic_exonyms
Pro-Welsh language economic programme
three other councils. Arfor, which is a term from Welsh, translates into English as "coastal". The programme aimed to: Create opportunities for the youth
Arfor
This is a list of Lithuanian language exonyms for places outside the Republic of Lithuania. Most of these places are in Kaliningrad Oblast; which is nearly
Lithuanian_exonyms
Norwegian-language names for places outside the Norwegian-speaking area
not treated in the same way as traditional exonyms such as Peking. A name used in Norwegian is not an exonym when it is also a well-established local name
Norwegian_exonyms
This is a list of personal names known in English that are modified from another language and are or were not used among the person themselves. It does
List of English translated personal names
List_of_English_translated_personal_names
Ukraine Endonym and exonym German exonyms German placename etymology List of English exonyms for German toponyms List of European exonyms Wortschatz-Datenbank
German names for Central European towns
German_names_for_Central_European_towns
Autonomous territory of Denmark
parliaments in the world. The islands' endonym Føroyar, as well as the English exonym Faroe Islands (alt. Faeroe or the Faroes), derive from the Old Norse
Faroe_Islands
region of Austria, see : Hungarian exonyms (Burgenland) For Hungarian place names in Croatia see: List of Hungarian exonyms for places in Croatia Abram Érábrány
Hungarian_exonyms
Etymologies
medieval cultural and political unity of the Georgians was formed. All exonyms are likely derived from gorğān (گرگان), the Persian designation of the
Names_of_Georgia
Ethnic group from Dodoma Region of Tanzania
prefix of Wa- and the Swahili artifact prefix of Ch- from the Swahili exonyms of Waasi and Chasi, respectively.[citation needed] According to the oral
Alagwa_people
Dialect of Welsh
Rhosllannerchrugog". Museum Wales. Retrieved 2026-01-15. Dodd, A.H. Welsh and English in East Denbighshire: a Historical Retrospect, Transactions of the Honourable
Rhosllanerchrugog_Welsh
Note: most Irish and Scots Gaelic exonyms for places in Wales derive from the Welsh language. Place names in Irish English toponymy Scottish toponymy Welsh
Scottish_Gaelic_place_names
countries and dependencies along with their capital cities, in English and non-English official language(s). In bold: internationally recognized sovereign
List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages
List_of_countries_and_dependencies_and_their_capitals_in_native_languages
of exonyms in the Cornish language – place names used in Cornish that differ from the names used locally or officially. List of European exonyms Welsh
Cornish_exonyms
Danish language exonyms for non-Danish speaking locations exist, primarily in Europe, but many of these are no longer commonly used, with a few notable
Danish_exonyms
place names List of Hebrew place names List of Turkish exonyms Japanese exonyms Vietnamese exonyms Although use of the full traditional form of 臺 is encouraged
List of names of Asian cities in different languages
List_of_names_of_Asian_cities_in_different_languages
Welsh-language newspaper
published in 1845; this was ecclesiastical in nature with a small quantity of English-language content. This newspaper was published in Bangor by the printer
Y_Cymro
language exonyms for towns in Belgium. German is a minority language in Belgium, being especially used in the region of Arelerland. German exonyms List of
List of German exonyms for places in Belgium
List_of_German_exonyms_for_places_in_Belgium
until 1918, and some Hungarian exonyms became common in German, and have been used interchangeably with the German exonym for a period. These Hungarian
List of German exonyms for places in Croatia
List_of_German_exonyms_for_places_in_Croatia
Historical term used for various Muslim peoples
The term Moor is an exonym used in European languages to designate primarily the Muslim populations of North Africa (the Maghreb) and the Iberian Peninsula
Moors
Topics referred to by the same term
a historic Nordic designation for dark-skinned people Blue people, English exonym for Tuareg people Blue men of the Minch, mythological creatures also
Blue_Men
Tahitian resistance leader
association with the largest and most populous islands of Tahiti. Other English exonyms exist for the other islands as well including Raiatean for an inhabitant
Teraupo'o
Hungary, the name in English for the European country, is an exonym derived from the Medieval Latin Hungaria. The Latin name itself derives from the ethnonyms
Name_of_Hungary
Term originally for foreigners, later for people deemed uncivilized
specialists in East Asian history, including him, have translated Chinese exonyms as English "barbarian." He believes that after academics read his published explanation
Barbarian
Ethnic group
1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Romani, including Gypsy. The exonym Tsigani and its variants are commonly used in Central
Romani_people
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, Czech names for places that do not speak Czech that differ from the name used locally or officially. Many are
Czech_exonyms
Indigenous North American appliqué technique
Mi'kmaq people created ribbon appliqué as early as 1611. The Meskwaki (English exonym Fox), amongst the signers of the great 1701 peace treaty of Montreal
Ribbon_work
Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people
including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are sometimes
Sámi_languages
Discussion of ethnonyms for the Imazighen
is more widely known among English-speakers, its usage is a subject of debate, due to its historical background as an exonym and equivalence with the Arabic
Names_of_the_Berber_people
A Chinese–English Dictionary: Compiled for the China Inland Mission by R. H. Mathews or Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary, edited by the Australian Congregationalist
Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
Mathews'_Chinese–English_Dictionary
សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ (Sathearonaroat Khmae, English: Khmer Republic). The official exonym of the country in English, however, has varied between Cambodia and
Names_of_Cambodia
Algonquian Native American people
The English named the tribes after their native place names; therefore it is likely that the Native people did also; i.e., Agawam is an English exonym based
Agawam_people
Србија/Srbija, pronounced [sř̩bija]). Throughout history, various endonyms and exonyms have been used in reference to ethnic Serbs and their lands. Basic terms
Names_of_the_Serbs_and_Serbia
Word meaning 'non-Jew'
into English from Yiddish. It carries a similar meaning in Modern Hebrew. The Biblical Hebrew word goy has been commonly translated into English as nation
Goy
Historical exonym for Serbs
Serbian Cyrillic: Рашка). In medieval and early modern Western sources, exonym Rascia was often used as a designation for Serbian lands in general, and
Rascians
English-based creole language
English". These exonyms are used in the ISO 639-3 standard, and the term "Leeward Caribbean Creole" or "Leeward Caribbean Creole English" is less common
Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Creole
culture. (American) Note for international cities, these terms are English language exonyms, and may not jibe with locals if referring to a foreign city, but
List of cities nicknamed after fruit
List_of_cities_nicknamed_after_fruit
discriminating term wikt:Appendix:English terms for outsiders wikt:Category:English ethnic slurs Wiktionary category: English derogatory terms Xenophobia –
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Topics referred to by the same term
Chríostúil (English: Christian Republic), a small political party in Cork in the mid-1960s Names of the Irish state List of Irish exonyms This disambiguation
Poblacht
Northwest Semitic language
meaning as roughly "from the other side [of the river/desert]"—i.e., an exonym for the inhabitants of the land of Israel and Judah, perhaps from the perspective
Hebrew_language
Ethnic slur used to refer to a black African person
Kaffir (/ˈkæfər/) is an exonym and ethnic slur directed at Black people in South Africa and, to a lesser extent, Namibia and Zimbabwe. The word originates
Kaffir_(racial_term)
Archaic term for Arabs and later for all Muslims
The term "Saracen" (/ˈsærəsən/ SARR-ə-sən) was commonly used in medieval Europe to refer to a person who lived in or near what the ancient Romans knew
Saracen
Ancient people of Bactria
from the Ancient Greek exonym Τόχαροι Tókharoi), also called the Tukharas (/tʊˈkɑːrəz/) or Tukhars (from the Sanskrit exonym तुखार Tukhāra [stem form]
Tochari
People
Hāmene, Aremania, Hamani, and Tiamani. All are transliterations of the English exonym except for Aremania (an earlier adaption of the French Allemagne) "2018
German_New_Zealanders
Country in Central Europe
use in several languages, notably Hungarian, Lithuanian, and Persian. The exonym possibly derives from either Lech, a legendary ruler of the Lechites, or
Poland
Colonial term for eastern Bergen County, New Jersey
conflicts with the precolonial population, bands of the Lenape known by their exonyms, the Hackensacks and the Tappans. After the surrender of Fort Amsterdam
English_Neighborhood
Cossachi de Zaporowa" [Ukraine or the land of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]. English-language maps of 1769 depicted the Crimean Khanate as part of its suzerain
Cartography_of_Ukraine
toponyms List of Arabic place names List of Aramaic place names List of English words of Hebrew origin Hebrew name Hebraization of Palestinian place names
List_of_Hebrew_exonyms
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