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Norwegian-language names for places outside the Norwegian-speaking area
A Norwegian exonym is a name used in the Norwegian language for a geographical feature outside the Norwegian-speaking area which differs from the endonym
Norwegian_exonyms
exonyms Norwegian exonyms Portuguese exonyms Rusyn exonyms (Vojvodina) Slovak exonyms Slovenian exonyms Spanish exonyms Welsh exonyms Latin exonyms List
List_of_European_exonyms
Albanian exonyms Bulgarian exonyms Croatian exonyms Italian exonyms in Dalmatia Italian exonyms in Istria Czech exonyms Danish exonyms Dutch exonyms English
List of names of European cities in different languages
List_of_names_of_European_cities_in_different_languages
Categories in etymology
Endonyms and exonyms can be divided into three main categories:[citation needed] endonyms and exonyms of places (toponyms), endonyms and exonyms of humans
Endonym_and_exonym
exonyms for formerly German places and other places in non-German-speaking areas of the world. Archaic names are in italics. List of German exonyms for
German_exonyms
Below is a list of Portuguese language exonyms for places in non-Portuguese-speaking areas. Some of them are used exclusively in European Portuguese (marked
Portuguese_exonyms
Inglês. Exonyms for cities outside of the East Asian cultural sphere tend to be more phonetically accurate to their endonyms than the English exonyms if the
Japanese_exonyms
regarded as exonyms. Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms. A less common form of exonym is usage for
English_exonyms
North Germanic language
English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language
Norwegian_language
Exonyms for places outside of the core of the Roman empire
Below is list of Latin exonyms for places outside of the core of the Roman empire during the time Latin was in common use: List of European exonyms
Latin_exonyms
Chinese exonym for Vientiane is 万象 (Wànxiàng), while the Taiwanese exonym is 永珍 (Yǒngzhēn). The exonyms below are all in Mandarin Chinese. Exonyms used in
Chinese_exonyms
spelling; at the time Dutch spelling varied. "Dutch exonyms". Buitenlandse Aardrijkskundige Namen (in Dutch). Retrieved 2025-09-07. List of European exonyms
Dutch_exonyms
Romani subgroup in Norway and Sweden
Swedish Roma and Norwegian Roma, or Swedish Taters and Norwegian Taters) are a Romani subgroup who have been resident in Sweden and Norway for some 500 years
Romanisael
list of Spanish exonyms, Spanish names for places that do not speak Spanish that differ from the names used locally. Some Spanish exonyms are traditional
Spanish_exonyms
Names that speakers of Old Norse assigned to foreign places and peoples
Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 7 May 2020. "Haakon Haakonsøns Saga" Norwegian translation by Peter Andreas Munch. saganet.is. Retrieved 3 June 2008
List_of_Old_Norse_exonyms
Minority-language place names in Norway
Øksfjord = Aksuvuono Finnish exonyms List of European exonyms Theil, Rolf (2024-11-26), "kvensk", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian), retrieved 2025-07-14
Kven_place_names
This list of Arabic exonyms includes names that are significantly different from the names of the same places in other languages, as well as names of
Arabic_exonyms
ó, ú, ý. English generally has no established exonyms for any Faroese placenames. English lacks exonyms for any Greenlandic placename. Finland is officially
Danish_exonyms
strictly exonyms. Northern Sweden has a Finnish/Meänkieli-speaking minority and thus some place names are derived from Finnish, making them not exonyms. There
Finnish_exonyms
themselves and their country) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Poles and their country). Endonyms and most exonyms for Poles and Poland derive
Names_of_Poland
and elsewhere. Names for places outside of Welsh-speaking regions are exonyms, not including spelling or pronunciation adaptations and translations of
Welsh_exonyms
Below is a list of Vietnamese exonyms for various places around the world: Historical exonyms include place names of bordering countries, namely Thailand
Vietnamese_exonyms
Nju Jork, etc. These are not listed here. True Albanian exonyms, not mere orthographic exonyms, like all Albanian placenames can be rendered in two forms
Albanian_exonyms
Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in
Irish_exonyms
Exonym nouns in Icelandic language
very different or for European/Nordic places. List of European exonyms Old Norse exonyms Oddur Ævar Gunnarsson (16 November 2022). "Belarús mun líklega
Icelandic_exonyms
region of Austria, see : Hungarian exonyms (Burgenland) For Hungarian place names in Croatia see: List of Hungarian exonyms for places in Croatia Abram Érábrány
Hungarian_exonyms
Sámi cultural region of Fennoscandia
Historically, the Scandinavian peoples referred to the Sámi using the exonyms Finns and Lapps, terms now considered outdated or pejorative. In Scandinavian
Sápmi
Most widely spoken of all Sámi languages
Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken
Northern_Sámi
Indigenous people of Northern Europe
decide the area of activity of the Norwegian Sámi Parliament. The Sámi and Norwegian languages have equal standing in Norway (section 15; Chapter 3 contains
Sámi_people
Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people
including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are sometimes
Sámi_languages
City in Norway
(in Norwegian). p. 237. "Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1918. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m". Norsk Lovtidend (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Grøndahl
Trondheim
This is a list of Lithuanian language exonyms for places outside the Republic of Lithuania. Most of these places are in Kaliningrad Oblast; which is nearly
Lithuanian_exonyms
Number of regions in Norway
norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Haughton, Samuel (1874). Geography generalized. p. 304. "Værradar for Sør-Norge". yr.no (in Norwegian). NRK. Retrieved 12
South_Norway
Treaty recognising Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard
War I. In this treaty, international diplomacy recognized Norwegian sovereignty (the Norwegian administration went in effect by 1925) and other principles
Svalbard_Treaty
Beinn with the Māori lake name Ōhau. Note: most Irish and Scots Gaelic exonyms for places in Wales derive from the Welsh language. Place names in Irish
Scottish_Gaelic_place_names
Historical province of Sweden
; lit. 'the Dales' or 'the Valleys'), also referred to by the English exonyms Dalecarlia and the Dales, is a landskap (historical province) in central
Dalarna
Ethnic group name
superseded older speculations that the word might be related to fen. Finn is an exonym, a name that other peoples have used of the Sámi and the Finns, but which
Finn_(ethnonym)
place names List of Hebrew place names List of Turkish exonyms Japanese exonyms Vietnamese exonyms Although use of the full traditional form of 臺 is encouraged
List of names of Asian cities in different languages
List_of_names_of_Asian_cities_in_different_languages
of exonyms in the Cornish language – place names used in Cornish that differ from the names used locally or officially. List of European exonyms Welsh
Cornish_exonyms
North Germanic language
cognates. Bokmål Norwegian – Norwegianization of written Danish ; Nynorsk Norwegian – Standardised written Norwegian based on Norwegian dialects; No = same
Old_Norse
third official language in New Zealand Sign Language. Integral part of Norway. Dependency of New Zealand See the CIA Factbook and Map of Israel Turner
List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages
List_of_countries_and_dependencies_and_their_capitals_in_native_languages
Србија/Srbija, pronounced [sř̩bija]). Throughout history, various endonyms and exonyms have been used in reference to ethnic Serbs and their lands. Basic terms
Names_of_the_Serbs_and_Serbia
Ethnic group
1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Romani, including Gypsy. The exonym Tsigani and its variants are commonly used in Central
Romani_people
Territory mentioned in Norse sagas
the Russian North). According to the Voyage of Ohthere (c. 890 AD), the Norwegian merchant Ottar (Ohthere) reported to king Alfred the Great that he had
Bjarmaland
Historical region in Scandinavia
area of Norway are said to have been called Kvens. The earliest remaining Norwegian tax records, stored at the National Archival Services of Norway (Riksarkivet)
Kvenland
Placenames in German speaking areas
toponymy German exonyms German names for Central European towns List of English exonyms for German toponyms List of European exonyms Danzig-Putzig. Reichsamt
German_toponymy
Legendary King of Sweden
Ivar Vidfamne (or Ívarr inn víðfaðmi; English exonym Ivar Widefathom; Danish Ivar Vidfadme – in Norwegian and Danish the form Ivar Vidfavne is sometimes
Ivar_Vidfamne
City in Shan State, Myanmar
Kengtung's proximity to China and Thailand, the city is known by a number of exonyms and endonyms. The endonym used by Tai Khun and Tai Lue-speaking locals
Kengtung
North Germanic language
western Norwegian dialects, and the extinct language Norn. It is not mutually intelligible with the continental Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian, and
Icelandic_language
Retrieved 15 February 2026. "Studenttorget, Utdanning i Danmark" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Old Slavic term for Finnic peoples
Natalia; Larsen, Roald (30 September 2008). "Representations of the Chuds in Norwegian and Russian Folklore". Acta Borealia. 25 (1): 58–72. doi:10.1080/08003830802302893
Chud
County (län) of Sweden
3,569 3,991 3,839 Lithuania — — — — — — 166 710 1,701 2,517 3,333 3,556 Norway 2,501 2,672 2,562 2,555 3,037 2,759 2,860 3,106 3,146 3,331 3,382 3,428
Skåne_County
1918–1920 global influenza pandemic
from both places called it 'three-day fever'. Many alternative names are exonyms in the practice of making new infectious diseases seem foreign. This pattern
Spanish_flu
Derogatory word used for a Polish person
Poland in foreign languages). In some other languages such as Swedish, Norwegian or Scots, polack or polakk are inoffensive terms for a person from Poland
Polack
West Slavic ethnic group
Italian polacche, French polonais, German Pole). Among other foreign exonyms for the Polish people are Lithuanian Lenkai; Hungarian Lengyelek; Turkish
Polish_people
Place in Musandam, Oman
head and a wrap worn around the body. Some scholars view the name as an exonym based on how the inhabitants of the village used to dress, while others
Kumzar
Island mentioned in Ancient Greek and Roman literature
Other potential locations are the island of Saaremaa in Estonia, or the Norwegian island of Smøla. In classical and medieval literature, ultima Thule (Latin
Thule
Linguistic group
were Norwegian king Harald Hardrada. While the Danes and Swedes were active in Francia and Russia respectively, North Germanic tribes from Norway were
North_Germanic_peoples
Various groups of Finno-Ugric peoples
nations by the sixteenth.[citation needed] The name "Finn(ic)" is an ancient exonym that usually referred to the Sámi peoples, with scarce historical references
Finnic_peoples
Country in Central Europe
use in several languages, notably Hungarian, Lithuanian, and Persian. The exonym possibly derives from either Lech, a legendary ruler of the Lechites, or
Poland
Change of name of a geographical entity
entities with multiple pre-existing names in one or more languages, an exonym or endonym may gradually be substituted and used in the English language
Geographical_renaming
to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (where the name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of
List_of_Jewish_ethnonyms
Ethnic group living on the Iberian Peninsula
Spain, known as Calé or gitanos (Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈtanos], an exonym which the community has adopted, literally translated into English as Gypsies)
Romani_people_in_Spain
People of Afghanistan
Switzerland 14,523 (2021) Finland 12,044 (2021) Italy 11,121–12,096 (2021) Norway 24,823 (2022) Uzbekistan 10,000 (2017) Israel 10,000 (2012) Brazil 7
Afghans
(endonyms) and names used by other ethnic groups to refer to the Ingush (exonyms) throughout the existence of Ingush people from Middle Ages to the modern
Ethnonyms_of_the_Ingush
Term referring to a non-Jew
Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Moldova Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Soviet Union Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain
Gentile
Referring to a transgender person by their former name
Anthropomorphism personification national Call sign Deadnaming Endonym and exonym Family Galton–Watson process Legal name name change Namesake Naming taboo
Deadnaming
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
in Burkina Faso and Egypt's Siwa Oasis. Many in the community view the exonym "Berber", equivalent and related to the Arabic word for "barbarian" (بربر)
Berbers
from the Old High German diutisc, meaning "of the people"; the French exonym is Allemagne, from the name of the Alamanni tribe; in Italian it is Germania
Names_of_Germany
Old Norse name for Rus'
Old Norwegian Language] (in Danish). Christiania: Den Norske forlagsforening. Retrieved 2023-04-23. "Gardarike". Store Norske Leksikon (in Norwegian). 2020-10-07
Garðaríki
Province in Sweden
Scania is one of the few Swedish provinces (as also Dalarna) for which exonyms are widely used in many languages, such as French Scanie, Dutch and German
Scania
Racism against Romani people
The term “gypsy,” long used to refer to Romani people, was rejected as an exonym by the first World Romani Congress in 1971. The term evolved from the Middle
Anti-Romani_sentiment
Topics referred to by the same term
Reppen may refer to: Iren Reppen (born 1965), Norwegian actress Reppen, German exonym for Rzepin, Poland This disambiguation page lists articles associated
Reppen
residence being in the Palestine region, the designation being an endonym and exonym respectively. Cosmas of Maiuma Dorotheus of Gaza Hilarion Theodore of the
List of Palestinian Christians
List_of_Palestinian_Christians
Country in West Asia
confederated, Hittite vassal states – the Ḫayaša-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as
Armenia
Ancient Semitic maritime civilization
smaller than that of earlier Bronze Age Canaan. The name Phoenicia is a Greek exonym that did not correspond to a unified native identity. Modern scholarship
Phoenicia
Ethnic group native to the Netherlands
South, cities historically housing many Dutch traders have retained Dutch exonyms for example Aachen (Aken) and Cologne/Köln (Keulen) to this day. Although
Dutch_people
Preferring a language variety as purer
(officially known as Manipuri) - Meitei linguistic purism movement Norwegian – Høgnorsk/High Norwegian Russian – Lovers of the Russian Word Sinhala – Hela Havula
Linguistic_purism
Scandinavian events such as FinnFestUSA, American Swedish Institute, and the Norwegian-American Bygdelagenes Fellesraad (NABF). The Siida also hosts a larger
Sami_Siida_of_North_America
Endangered Uto-Aztecan language of California
Negerhollands Siculish Virgin Islands Creole Others American Finnish American Norwegian Jersey Dutch Negerduits Alaskan Russian Texan Silesian Wisconsin Walloon
Cahuilla_language
Norse term for the lands of Celtic and Romance peoples
«Norrøne Tekster og Kvad», Norway. Translation provided by Wikipedia editors. Völundarkviða at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad», Norway. Archived 2007-05-08 at
Valland
c. 880–1240 East Slavic state in Europe
in "In the Court of Jarisleif" for Grand Prince Yaroslav) and Old Norse exonyms for toponyms (such as Holmgard in "To Holmgard and Beyond" for Veliky Novgorod
Kievan_Rus'
Religion originating in Punjab, India
is rooted in the verb sikhana (lit. 'to learn'). Some Sikhs oppose the exonym term Sikhism as they claim the word was coined by the British colonists
Sikhism
Turkic ethnic group
Sweden 2,935 Latvia 1,567–2,032 Australia 1,036 Austria 1,000 Estonia 940 Norway 806 Lithuania 648 South Korea 608 Italy 552 Languages Azerbaijani (native)
Azerbaijanis
Polytheistic religious groups
a religious concept arose out of the development of Christianity, as an exonym to refer to certain non-Christian peoples and practices, both at the center
Paganism
Ethnic group in Japan and Russia
koushi; the former was adopted as an exonym by neighboring peoples, including in Chinese and Japanese. An exonym applied to the Ainu people in the 8th
Ainu_people
Autonomous territory of Denmark
Islands have been under Norwegian-Danish control since 1388. The 1814 Treaty of Kiel terminated the Danish–Norwegian union, and Norway came under the rule
Faroe_Islands
Naming system of people from Iceland
a common cultural heritage with the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Unlike these countries, Icelanders have continued to use their
Icelandic_name
One of the ethnonyms of the Ingush and Chechens
Kists or Kistins is an old exonym of all Nakh peoples (Ingush, Chechens and Batsbi), under which local societies later were designated, and conditionally
Kists_(ethnonym)
East Asian ethnic group
the Russian Far East and Northeast China (also historically known by the exonym Manchuria); these populations would later grow to more than two million
Koreans
Due to its name in kanji characters and its flag, it was also given the exonyms "Empire of the Sun" and "Empire of the Rising Sun". Japanese 日 and 本 were
Names_of_Japan
Period of Thai history
far as Pattani. King Mongkut was also the first Siamese king to adopt the exonym "Siam" for his kingdom, styling himself as Rex Siamensis or "King of Siam"
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782–1932)
Polity in Africa and Arabia before 960
Ezana in 330 for a short period of time and inheriting from it the Greek exonym "Ethiopia". Aksumite dominance in the Red Sea culminated during the reign
Kingdom_of_Aksum
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Eskimo (often considered a pejorative), is an exonym for the Inuit and Yupik indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited
Eskimo_(disambiguation)
Census region of the United States
population identifies with Norwegian ancestry, while 6.4% report Swedish ancestry. In North Dakota, 22% of the population reports Norwegian ancestry, the highest
Midwestern_United_States
Ethnic group
Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt and Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre. At that event they signed the Nuuk
Inuit
Historical and cultural geographical region
name Scania for Skåne is particularly common in English. Some English exonyms and spellings, such as the Dales for Dalarna, East Gothland for Östergötland
Provinces_of_Sweden
in Ireland List of Irish place names in other countries List of Irish exonyms Scottish toponymy Welsh toponymy Place names in Ireland Éire Ireland List
Place_names_in_Ireland
Phoenician city-state
on the Ancient Greek word Φοῖνιξ (Phoinix), pl. Φοίνικες (Phoinikes), an exonym used to describe the Canaanite port towns with which the Greeks traded.
Ancient_Carthage
Acts of robbery or criminality at sea
the hands of a Russian Vessel Protection Detachment (VPD) on board a Norwegian-flagged vessel. Despite VPD deployment being controversial because of
Piracy
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