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Topics referred to by the same term
Erythraean or Erythraian may refer to: Eritrea Erythraean Sibyl, the prophetess of classical antiquity presiding over the Apollonian oracle at Erythrae
Erythraean
Ancient name of water between the Horn of Africa and the Arabian peninsula
The Erythraean Sea (Ancient Greek: Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα, Erythrà Thálassa, lit. 'Red Sea') was a former maritime designation that always included the Gulf of
Erythraean_Sea
Prophetess of classical antiquity
The Erythraean Sibyl was the prophetess of classical antiquity presiding over the Apollonian oracle at Erythrae, a town in Ionia opposite Chios, which
Erythraean_Sibyl
1st-century Greco-Roman document
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Koine Greek: Περίπλους τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς Θαλάσσης, romanized: Períplous tē̂s Erythrâs Thalássēs), also known by its Latin
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea
Oracles in Ancient Greece
century BC, there appear to have been at least three more, Phrygian, Erythraean, and Hellespontine. By the first century BC, there were at least ten sibyls
Sibyl
Latin epic poem by Virgil
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Aeneid
Region of Africa
African East Coast. The 1st century AD Greek travelogue the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea first describes Azania based on its author's intimate knowledge of
Azania
Gulf between the Horn of Africa and Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula
ancient Greeks regarded the gulf as one of the most important parts of the "Erythraean Sea". It later came to be dominated by Muslims, as the area around the
Gulf_of_Aden
City of the Indo-Scythian kingdom
Barygaza. Minnagara is mentioned in the 1st century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: "Beyond this region (Gedrosia), the continent making a wide curve
Minnagara
2nd-century BC Ancient Greek historian
furnishes few clues about his own life. At the conclusion of his On the Erythraean Sea, he apologizes for being unable to complete his work "since our age
Agatharchides
Country in East Africa
from a Sabaic name) for the same coast, mentioned in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a book written in the first-century CE. Azania is described as ruled
Tanzania
Ancient city-states of Somalia
protective body armor. An ancient document called the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes the political system of the city states as being decentralised
Ancient_Somali_city-states
Former name of a sea port near the modern-day city of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Mleccha derives. Barbarikon is mentioned briefly in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: "This river [the Indus] has seven mouths, very shallow and marshy
Barbarikon
that appears in the geographical works of Strabo, the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and Ptolemy. A different mountain of the same name also appears in
Elephas_(ancient)
Marginal sea of the northern Indian Ocean
Educational Material). University of Winnipeg. "Arabian Sea, Erythraean Sea, Indian Sea, Oman sea, Erythraean, Persian Sea". allfishes.org. Retrieved 7 May 2026
Arabian_Sea
City in Balochistan, Pakistan
Gwadar on the Arabian Sea. This port is also mentioned in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as Oraea. Ormara is located on the Makran Coastal Highway, midway
Ormara
recession of the coast. The city was mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Pliny the Elder's Natural History and Ptolemy's Geography. Pliny
Muza_(emporion)
Ancient Proto-Somali trading port in Somalia
although Mosylon is first attested in the 1st-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Pliny the Elder’s Natural History, and Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica
Mosylon
Collection of prophecies used in Rome
collection passed to Erythrae, where it became famous as the oracles of the Erythraean Sibyl. It would appear to have been this very collection that found its
Sibylline_Books
Region of ancient India
Abiria was a country mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and by Ptolemy in his Geographia. The Periplus mentions it as Aberia with the coastal
Abiria
Trade between the Indian subcontinent and the Roman Empire
Chersonese (i.e. Malay Peninsula). In the 1st-century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, its anonymous Greek-speaking author, a merchant of Roman Egypt, provides
Indo-Roman_trade_relations
Ancient south Indian port
unknown author of the 1st-century AD Greek travel book Periplus of the Erythraean Sea—which means Navigation of the Red Sea or Voyaging the Red Sea—gives
Muziris
associated with the Western Satraps. According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Ariaca was part of the kingdom of Nambanus, thought to be the Western
Ariaca
Ancient marketplace
are a number of plausible candidate sites. The ancient Periplus of the Erythraean Sea described Rhapta as "the last emporion of Azania", two days' travel
Rhapta
Ancient proto-Somali trading port
toponym derived. The port is chiefly known through the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, as well as Geography by Claudius Ptolemy and Ethnica by Stephanus
Aromata
Historical people mentioned in the Mahabharata
historical people of the same name are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The Mahabharata describes them as living near the seashore and on
Abhira_people
City in Gujarat, India
partner of the Roman and Greek worlds, in the 1st century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. One of the Periploi describes numerous Greek buildings and fortifications
Bharuch
Classical-era seaport in southeast Egypt, also known as Berenike
Sea coast is described in the 1st century CE travelogue Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, written by a Greek merchant based in Alexandria. The Periplus states
Berenice_Troglodytica
Country in East Africa
Aethiopia Cp. Ezekiel 29:10 Acts 8:27 Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p
Ethiopia
Town in Awdal, Somaliland
mentioned in the 1st-century Greco-Roman travelogue the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and in Ptolemy, although this is disputed. The town evolved into an
Zeila
Relations
result of this Roman gold poured into the country." The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, written by an anonymous sea-captain in Greek, can now be confidently
Indo-Roman_relations
Largest of four islands of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen
(Διοσκουρίδου νῆσος), meaning "the island of Dioscurides" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a first-century AD Greek navigation aid. The Hoq Cave contains a
Socotra
American antiquarian and classical scholar (1874–1932)
Among these works was the 1st century CE Greco-Roman Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, as well as the Carthaginian Periplus of Hanno. Besides writing, Schoff
Wilfred_Harvey_Schoff
form Erythræa. This name relates to that of the Red Sea, then called the Erythræan Sea, from the Greek for "red", ἐρυθρός, erythros. But earlier Eritrea
History_of_Eritrea
Apollodorus of Erythrae was a writer of ancient Greece, who spoke of the Erythraean Sibyl as his fellow-citizen. Marcus Terentius Varro, Fragm. p. 216, ed
Apollodorus_of_Erythrae
Greco-Roman term for an Indian region and people
the word "Gangaridai" to describe the local people. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea does not mention the Gangaridai, but attests the existence of a city
Gangaridai
1st-century South Arabian ruler
described in and contemporary with the first-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The two Greek manuscripts of the Periplus give two variations of
Charibael
Part of the biblical narrative of the Exodus
The Erythraean Sea is translated in the Latin Vulgate and modern English translations as the Red Sea, but in classical sources the Erythraean Sea often
Parting_of_the_Red_Sea
Ruined city of the Ionian League in present day İzmir, Turkey
produced in the peninsula. Erythrae was notable for being the seat of the Erythraean Sibyl. The ruins of the city are found north of the town Ildırı in the
Erythrae
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Roman_Empire
Ancient port city in the Horn of Africa
several Greco-Roman geographical works, including the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Pliny’s Natural History, Ptolemy’s Geography, and the Ethnica of
Avalites
settlement is mentioned in early Greek writings, such as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, which describes Rhapta as "the last marketplace of Azania", two days'
Menouthias
Alexander Polyhistor (1st century BC) Roman Empire period Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Strabo (63 BC – AD 24) Pomponius Mela (fl. 40s AD) Isidore of Charax
List of Graeco-Roman geographers
List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers
Relations between ancient Greece and India
from Muziris in India. Muziris is also mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as one of the Indian ports Greek ships were sailing to. Other Indian
Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations
Ancient_Greece–Ancient_India_relations
Former kingdom in ancient Yemen
whilst the cities of East Africa remained independent. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes the trading empire of Himyar and its ruler "Charibael" (probably
Himyar
People from Eritrea and its diaspora
Rome, and China. It is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea; the name Erythraean Sea refers to the Red Sea, and is the origin of the name
Eritreans
Greco-Egyptian settlement on the Red Sea coast
1980. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea - by an unknown author; with some extracts from Agatharkhides "On the Erythraean Sea". Vol. 151, Works issued
Ptolemais_Theron
Hadramaut king of the 1st century
founded by King Eleazus. Eleazus is described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: "27. After Eudaemon Arabia there is a continuous length of coast
Eleazus
Topics referred to by the same term
a commune in France This, a country mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, likely China This (Peter Hammill album) (1998) This (The Motels album)
This
Indo-Scythian rulers of western and central India (35-415 CE)
is described as a King. Nahapana is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea under the name Nambanus, as ruler of the area around Barigaza: Beyond
Western_Satraps
Purported ancient tribal confederation of the Late Bronze Age
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Sea_Peoples
Strait between the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
Persian Gulf was described, but not given a name, in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a 1st-century mariner's guide: At the upper end of these Calaei islands
Strait_of_Hormuz
Pseudohistorical list of Ethiopian monarchs from 4530 BCE to 1779 CE
His name apparently meant "The Supreme Hathor" and he drowned in the Erythraean Sea, which gets its name from king "Her Hator II (Erythras)", whose name
1922_regnal_list_of_Ethiopia
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Ships_of_ancient_Rome
Ancient proto-Somali trading center
by an anonymous Greek merchant in the 1st century AD Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The town is featured in the ancient document's thirteenth entry,
Opone
Ancient city in modern Djibouti
(Hrsg.): The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, by an unknown author: with some extracts from Agatharkhides ‘On the Erythraean Sea’ (= Works issued by the
Berenice_Epideires
19–226 CE kingdom in northwestern South Asia
his disposition he already belongs to themselves." The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a surviving 1st century guide to the routes that was commonly used
Indo-Parthian_kingdom
[Boston: De Gruyter, 2018]. Schoff, Wilfred H. (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century
Thinae
Hellenistic astronomer and philosopher
the capital of the Seleucid Empire, or, alternatively, Seleukia on the Erythraean Sea, he is best known as a proponent of heliocentrism and for his theory
Seleucus_of_Seleucia
Ancestors of present-day Somalis
The Somalia region, from the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century AD)
Proto-Somali
Union territory of India
Puducherry can be traced to the second century CE. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions a marketplace named Poduke or Poduka (ch 60). G. W. B. Huntingford
Puducherry_(union_territory)
Town in Kerala, India
a satellite feeding port to Muziris, according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between
Koyilandy
Region in antiquity corresponding to Sindh
Apollodotus I and by several ancient writers (Strabo 11; Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Chap. 41/47): The Greeks... took possession, not only of Patalene
Patalene
State in Northeast India
environment. The first dated mention of the region comes from Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century) and Ptolemy's Geographia (2nd century), which calls
Assam
Topics referred to by the same term
powers in ancient Greece, first at Delphi. Cumaean Sibyl Delphic Sibyl Erythraean Sibyl Hellespontine Sibyl Phrygian Sibyl Sybil or Sibyl may also refer
Sibyl_(disambiguation)
Method of constructing boats and ships
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Clinker_(boat_building)
Ancient city and port in Red Sea
people of Aethiopia'. Adulis is also mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a guide of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. The latter guide describes
Adulis
Archaeological theory
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas
Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas
Ancient Semitic maritime civilization
historian Herodotus claimed that the Phoenicians had migrated from the Erythraean Sea around 2750 BC and the first-century AD geographer Strabo reports
Phoenicia
Protected islands in Oman
in the Gulf of Oman. The islands are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as the Calaei Islands being derived from Kalhat, a former major Phoenician
Ad_Dimaniyat_Islands
Islands of Oman
"Persian Gulf" (most likely the modern Gulf of Aden). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a periplus dated to between AD 40 and 70, thus mentioned the Khuriya
Khuriya_Muriya_Islands
Coastal region in South East India
Research – Page 1 by University of Madras – 1960 The Periplus of the Erythræan Sea by Wilfred Harvey Schoff Edgar Thurston (2011). The Madras Presidency
Coromandel_Coast
Seven demi-gods associated with human wisdom
Chaldaean, in whose time appeared the Musarus Oannes the Annedotus from the Erythraean sea. (But Alexander Polyhistor anticipating the event, has said that he
Apkallu
Geographical region inhabited by the ancient Tamil people
designate Tamil territory in the Indian subcontinent. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, as well as Ptolemy's writings, mention the term "Limyrike" which
Tamilakam
Idiom and monetary unit
Hindu or Arabic currency terms still in use in what was once called the Erythraean Sea "State Bank of Pakistan". Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paisa
Paisa
14th-century BCE Mediterranean shipwreck
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Uluburun_shipwreck
the Lord. The prophet Isaiah The prophet Jonah The Cumaean Sibyl The Erythraean Sibyl The Persian Sibyl The Delphic Sibyl The Libyan Sibyl Detail of the
Gallery of the Sistine Chapel ceiling
Gallery_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_ceiling
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
List of surviving ancient ships
List_of_surviving_ancient_ships
Ancient promontory in Arabia
to Yemen in the south. Geographer Ptolemy placed Cape Poseidion on the Erythraean Sea past the straits. He recorded its location at 11° 30′ North latitude
Cape_Poseidion_(Arabia)
2700–2000 BC Greek shipwreck
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Dokos_shipwreck
Legendary mountain range in east Africa
Nile (1805 edition), vol. 5 p. 209 G.W.B. Huntingford, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, p. 175 (London: the Hakluyt Society, 1980). Don Quijote de la Mancha
Mountains of the Moon (Africa)
Mountains_of_the_Moon_(Africa)
Oceanic division
geography, the Indian Ocean region known to the Greeks was called the Erythraean Sea. In traditional Indian geography, the ocean is historically called
Indian_Ocean
Historic international commerce
Roman trade with India according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 1st century.
Spice_trade
Area in the Red Sea coast
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Wadi_al-Jarf
Ancient Greek temple in East Attica, Greece
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion
Legendary people
marked the western boundary for the land of Libya (Africa). While the Erythraean sea (Indian Ocean) of Arabia (east of the Nile) marked the southern boundary
Macrobians
Process of steering a ship from a starting point to a destination
network Sa Huynh-Kalanay Incense trade Maritime Silk Road Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Periplus of the Euxine Sea Maya Greece Greco–Indian shipping Rome
Marine_navigation
Medieval Christian feast
convertimur ad gentes." The testimony of Virgil, Nabuchodonosor, and the Erythraean Sibyl is interpreted in favor of the general thesis. As early as the eleventh
Feast_of_the_Ass
Archaeological site in South India
as the port of Podouke, known as an "emporium" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and Ptolemy. Digs have found Amphorae, Arretine ware, Roman lamps
Arikamedu
Ancient name of Berbera city
city of Berbera. It is mentioned in the 1st century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: "After Avalites there is another market-town, better than this, called
Malao
One of three ancient Tamil kingdoms
country and its towns, ports and commerce furnished by the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Periplus Maris Erythraei). Periplus is a work by an anonymous Alexandrian
Early_Cholas
Dravidian ethnic group
2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021. W.H. Schoff (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century
Tamils
Polyptych by Jan and Hubert van Eyck
far right one shows Micah. The two much taller inner shutters show the Erythraean Sibyl (on the left) and the Cumaean Sibyl on the right. Each panel includes
Ghent_Altarpiece
Period of European global exploration
Red Bay wreck and some sites in European waters. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a document from 40 to 60 AD, describes a newly discovered route through
Age_of_Discovery
Wooden horse in Greek mythology
Phineus Polyeidos Polypheides Pythia Sibyls Cimmerian Cumaean Delphic Erythraean Hellespontine Libyan Persian Phrygian Samian Telemus Theiodamas Theoclymenus
Trojan_Horse
Former Latin name for South Arabia and Yemen
transshipping port in the Red Sea trade. It was described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (probably 1st century AD) as if it had fallen on hard times. Of the
Arabia_Felix
Ancient Greek writer
Eduard Glaser identified Basilis as the author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, but other scholars, such as Wilfred Harvey Schoff, disagreed strongly
Basilis_(writer)
Snake-like monsters from Greek mythology
Phineus Polyeidos Polypheides Pythia Sibyls Cimmerian Cumaean Delphic Erythraean Hellespontine Libyan Persian Phrygian Samian Telemus Theiodamas Theoclymenus
Dragons_in_Greek_mythology
Ephesia/Ephesus – Greek city in Asia Minor Eridu – Mesopotamian city Eritrea- Erythraean Sea Ancient name for Red Sea and surrounding region Eshcol Eshnunna –
List_of_biblical_places
Nomadic Iranian peoples of Saka and Scythian origin
Indo-Greek King Apollodotus II. The first-century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes the Scythian territories: Beyond this region (Gedrosia)
Indo-Scythian_Kingdom
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