Search references for EV GIVEN-NAME. Phrases containing EV GIVEN-NAME
See searches and references containing EV GIVEN-NAME!EV GIVEN-NAME
Name list
Ev is a given name, often a short form (hypocorism) of Everett or Evan. It may refer to: Ev Faunce (1926–2009), American football player and college head
Ev_(given_name)
Given name used for multiple genders
unisex name (also known as an epicene name, a gender-neutral name or an androgynous name) is a given name that is not gender-specific. Unisex names are common
Unisex_name
Topics referred to by the same term
consumer would pay before a price increase to avert the price increase Ev (given name) Electric vehicle, a vehicle using an electric motor instead of an internal
EV
names closely corresponds to that of given names. Many families bear the name of the family's founder, adding the patronymic Slavic suffix "–ov/–ev"
Bulgarian_name
Name list
girl's name Aveline (which is of Norman origin and represents a diminutive form of Ava). Since the 17th century, it has also been used as a given name. The
Evelyn_(name)
Telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO, etc.) is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for
Evolution-Data_Optimized
Name list
Irish given name and surname, now also in use as a given name for girls. Variants of the name include Roan, Rohan, Ruadhán, and Ruadh. The name comes
Rowan_(name)
Russian naming system
Russian given names are provided at birth or selected during a name change. Orthodox Christian names constitute a fair proportion of Russian given names, but
Russian_given_name
Hereditary portion of a personal name
or family name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the
Surname
Genus of flowering plants
Bibcode:2018EcoEv...812397K. doi:10.1002/ece3.4553. PMC 6308857. PMID 30619554. S2CID 57573184. Mozaffarian, V. 1996. A dictionary of Iranian plant names: Latin
Limonium
Proposed Cambodian electric car
Angkor EV (mentioned in sources with various names including Angkor 333-1000, Angkor, Angkor EV 2011, Angkor EV 2013 and Angkor EV 2014) is a proposed
Angkor_EV
Combination drug
Estradiol valerate/norethisterone enantate (EV/NETE), sold under the brand name Mesigyna among others, is a form of combined injectable birth control
Estradiol valerate/norethisterone enantate
Estradiol_valerate/norethisterone_enantate
Surname list
patronymic surname derived from the Ossetian given name Sanako (Iron Ossetic: Санахъо) by adding the patronymic suffix -ev/yev. The native Ossetian form is Санахъоты
Sanakoyev
Pharmaceutical combination
Estradiol valerate/hydroxyprogesterone caproate (EV/OHPC), sold under the brand names Gravibinon and Injectable No. 1 (or Chinese Injectable No. 1) among
Estradiol valerate/hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Estradiol_valerate/hydroxyprogesterone_caproate
Feminine given name
'Madonna'". CollinsDictionary.com. Retrieved September 24, 2022. Nevaer, Louis E.V. (2002). The dot-com debacle and the return to reason. Bloomsbury Academic
Madonna_(name)
Auto official. "Nio's Alps sub-brand has its official name revealed through new spy shots". ArenaEV.com. Retrieved 2024-09-21. "HOME | Automotive Industry
Automobile manufacturers and brands of China
Automobile_manufacturers_and_brands_of_China
models, developed in or outside North America: Notes Name given in the U.S. Subcompact car. Name given in China. In 2005, the car was totally redesigned
List_of_Buick_vehicles
American electric vehicle company
(April 14, 2026). "Lucid names auto industry outsider as CEO, expands Uber deal". CNBC. Wayland, Michael. "Lucid CEO steps down; EV maker plans to more than
Lucid_Motors
Indian social activist and politician (1879–1973)
2022. Retrieved 9 April 2023. Krishnan, P. A. (27 September 2019). "Periyar EV Ramasamy -- The Man Who Opposed Mahatma Gandhi's Idea Of India". Outlook.
Periyar
Component of a personal name based on the given name of one's male ancestor
A patronymic, or patronym, is a personal name, or component of a personal name, based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (more specifically
Patronymic
American electric vehicle and clean energy company
endorsement of EV maker's software technology"]. Reuters. Ross, Jeffrey N. (October 4, 2012). "Mercedes B-Class headed to America... but only as an EV?". Autoblog
Tesla,_Inc.
Data proving ownership of a public key
The issuer's common name (CN) is shown as SSL.com EV SSL Intermediate CA RSA R3, identifying this as an Extended Validation (EV) certificate. Validated
Public_key_certificate
Vietnamese automotive company
Vice-Chair As VinFast Global CEO reuters.com 6 January 2024: Vietnam EV maker VinFast names founder as CEO, replaces CFO "VinFast Structures its Automotive
VinFast
Rechargable battery used for vehicles
batteries using lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides are the most common in EV. The lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) is on the rise, reaching 41% global
Electric_vehicle_battery
are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions
Meanings of minor-planet names: 1–1000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_1–1000
Name list
Thorbjørn (given name) are modern Swedish, Norwegian and Danish forms of the Old Norse and Icelandic name Þorbjörn, meaning thunder (from the name Thor) and
Torbjörn
1996 video game
Software for the Macintosh. Two other similar games based on the original, EV Override and Escape Velocity Nova, followed in 1998 and 2002 respectively
Escape_Velocity_(video_game)
Compact crossover SUV
Pre-facelift Toyota RAV4 5-door Pre-facelift Toyota RAV4 hard-top The RAV4 EV is a plug-in, all-electric variant of the RAV4. Produced from 1997 to 2003
Toyota_RAV4
Genus of viruses
serotypes EV-C95, EV-C96, EV-C99, EV-C102, EV-C104, EV-C105, EV-C109, EV-C113, EV-C116, EV-C117, and EV-C118. Enterovirus D: serotypes EV-D68, EV-D70, EV-D94
Enterovirus
American brand of vehicles
SUV, both sold under the GMC brand as the "GMC Hummer EV". The pre-production versions of the EV began in November 2021, after a $2.2 billion investment
Hummer
are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions
Meanings of minor-planet names: 1001–2000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_1001–2000
Unit of energy
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic
Electronvolt
Mergers, acquisitions and venture capital specialist
Magazine" (PDF). FirstCapital. 12 December 2016. EV (2024-03-27). "The CEO Letters – Hazel Moore | By EV". EV. Retrieved 2025-05-30. Coleman, Alison. "London
Hazel_Moore
Compact SUV produced by Suzuki
generations have used the name Suzuki Escudo (Japanese: スズキ・エスクード, Hepburn: Suzuki Esukūdo) until 2024. The choice of the name "Vitara" was inspired by
Suzuki_Vitara
Motor vehicle
Tata produces four models - the Ace, the Super Ace, the Ace Zip and the Ace EV. Both the Ace and Ace Zip have a passenger variant called the Magic and Magic
Tata_Ace
and accounted for 25% of global car sales."Trends in electric cars – Global EV Outlook 2026". International Energy Agency. 20 May 2026. Retrieved 25 June
Electric_car_use_by_country
name order" with the surname placed after the given name. "Eastern name order" may be used when multiple names appear in a sorted list, particularly in official
Serbian_name
American social networking service
2010. Ev [@ev] (April 13, 2011). "It's true that @Noah never got enough credit for his early role at Twitter. Also, he came up with the name, which was
X_(social_network)
Combination drug
valerate/norethisterone acetate/testosterone enanthate (EB/EV/NETA/TE), sold under the brand name Ablacton, is an injectable combination medication of estradiol
Estradiol benzoate/estradiol valerate/norethisterone acetate/testosterone enanthate
Estradiol_benzoate/estradiol_valerate/norethisterone_acetate/testosterone_enanthate
Chinese recreation of the original 1960s Mini Moke
(this company was subsequently acquired by EV Technology Group in 2022 and since then the Moke brand has become EV only). The original Mini Moke was designed
Moke_(2013)
East Slavic naming customs are the traditional way of identifying a person's given name, patronymic name, and family name in East Slavic cultures in Russia
East_Slavic_name
Topics referred to by the same term
Vida, football team from Honduras VAT in the Digital Age, EU VAT reform Vida EV, a subsidiary of Hero MotoCorp Queen Vida Vida "V" Rocca, character from Power
Vida
Professional wrestling stable
"The New Breed". In July 2010, the group debuted in TNA under the name EV 2.0 (EV being an abbreviation for "Extreme Violence" or "Extreme Version")
ECW_Originals
Mid-size crossover SUV
Controlled Brake remain new features include a driver selectable electric only EV mode (when possible) and another ECON mode which restricts acceleration and
Toyota_Highlander
Electric pickup truck
Lawsuit Alleges". Vice News. Retrieved March 23, 2026. "IIHS EV Safety Ratings Revealed". The EV Report. US. September 16, 2025. Retrieved October 10, 2025
Tesla_Cybertruck
Type of electric vehicle
fully electric vehicle or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses electrical energy exclusively from an on-board battery pack to
Battery_electric_vehicle
Robotaxi operated by Waymo
2024". ArenaEV. Doll, Scooter (March 30, 2023). "Waymo to retire Chrysler hybrids in transition to all-electric robotaxis, including ZEEKR EV". Electrek
Waymo_Ojai
Electric brand series by Mercedes-Benz
battery-electric G580 with EQ Technology marked the start of the new EV naming strategy. It will be followed by the battery-electric version of the third-generation
Mercedes-EQ
constructive dismissal". ABS-CBN. Retrieved September 27, 2024. "Marcos opens first EV battery plant in Philippines". The Philippine Star. October 1, 2024. Retrieved
2024_in_the_Philippines
informally named Mesozoic reptiles is a listing of prehistoric reptiles from the Mesozoic era (excluding dinosaurs) that have never been given formally
List of informally named Mesozoic reptiles
List_of_informally_named_Mesozoic_reptiles
Country in North Africa
The name is realised as K(h)ēmə (Bohairic: ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Sahidic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ) in Egyptian Coptic, and appeared in Early Greek as Χημία (Khēmía). Another name was ⟨tꜣ-mry⟩
Egypt
Sports compact car produced by Mitsubishi Motors (1990–2012)
test ratings of Eclipse of different model years: The Mitsubishi Eclipse EV was a prototype electric vehicle with a lightweight electric motor and lithium-ion
Mitsubishi_Eclipse
Void between celestial bodies
from about 106 eV up to an extreme 1020 eV of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The peak flux of cosmic rays occurs at energies of about 109 eV, with approximately
Outer_space
Series of Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs)
plans to launch a smaller version of the G-Class, named "little G"—though no definitive date was given for the launch. The 400,000th unit was built on 4
Mercedes-Benz_G-Class
Slavic last names are formed by adding possessive and other suffixes to given names and other words. Most Slavic surnames have suffixes which are found in
Slavic_name_suffixes
fiscal exceptionalism". The Economist's Voice. 20 (1): 119–130. doi:10.1515/ev-2023-0021. "Liz Truss resigns as UK prime minister". BBC News. 20 October
2024 United Kingdom general election
2024_United_Kingdom_general_election
Experimental technique to determine the distribution of electrons in solids
discharge UV lamps and radio-frequency plasma sources (10–40 eV), ultraviolet lasers (5–11 eV) to synchrotron insertion devices that are optimized for different
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Angle-resolved_photoemission_spectroscopy
Battery electric mid-size crossover SUV
BYD Seal. 2024: N7 was given a minor facelift with a new headlight and DRL design, similar to that of Denza Z9. Denza N7 (EV, 2024 facelift) Rear view
Denza_N7
(-ew) (Belarusian /Belarusian Latin: -eŭ/) equivalent to Russian -ev[citation needed] -ev (Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages), Bulgarian, Macedonian)
List_of_family_name_affixes
Chinese electric vehicle company
released images of a concept car called the NIU 4 Fun, a 4 seater in the micro EV segment. On December 15, 2021 Niutron officially launched as a new startup
Niutron
Male offspring
Constantin"). Russian ov /ɒf/, ovich /əvɪtʃ/. Example: "Ivanov" ("son of Ivan"). ev /ɛf/, evich /ɨvɪtʃ/. Example: "Dmitriev" ("son of Dmitri"). Spanish Ez. Examples:
Son
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2022 to 2024
fiscal exceptionalism". The Economist's Voice. 20 (1): 119–130. doi:10.1515/ev-2023-0021. ISSN 1553-3832. "A billionaire, a former magician's assistant and
Rishi_Sunak
Turkish actress
actress known for her performance in Yaprak Dökümü as Fikret Tekin, Umutsuz Ev Kadınları as Nermin, Kadın as Hatice, and Süper Baba [tr] as Elif. Her family
Bennu_Yıldırımlar
Full-size sedan
It is the second Heritage Series restomod EV after the Pony EV, and will be followed by the Galloper EV. Front View Rear View Interior Interior "Parametric
Hyundai_Grandeur
American and French actor (born 1995)
Electric: Timothée Chalamet Lands New Role As Global Brand Ambassador for EV Maker Lucid". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 3, 2025
Timothée_Chalamet
Name list
Katrin is a feminine given name. It is a German and Swedish contracted form of Katherine. Katrin may refer to: Katrin Apel (born 1973), German biathlete
Katrin
Software authentication
commonName = SSL.com EV Code Signing Intermediate CA RSA R3 organizationName = SSL Corp localityName = Houston stateOrProvinceName = Texas countryName = US
Code_signing
American basketball player (born 2001)
February 2026, Ball struck a Kia Forte with his custom camo-patterned Hummer EV truck in downtown Charlotte. No one was injured. In May 2026, Ball announced
LaMelo_Ball
Fictional country in the Oz books
The Land of Ev is a fictional country in the Oz books of L. Frank Baum and his successors. The country was first visited in Baum's third Oz novel, 1907's
Land_of_Ev
Japanese sports car / grand tourer
claimed top speed of over 320 km/h (199 mph), aerodynamic performance was given the priorities. In contrast to typical production car development, the exterior
Toyota_GR_GT
Spanish university entrance examinations
the popular name given to the Spanish University Admission Tests ("Evaluación de Bachillerato para Acceso a la Universidad", E.B.A.U. or Ev.A.U.), a non-compulsory
Selectividad
Businessman and public official (born 1971)
Shepardson, David (August 20, 2024). "Trump says he may end EV tax credit; is open to naming Elon Musk as an adviser". Reuters. Archived from the original
Elon_Musk
Battery electric compact car
Nissan developed three prototype battery electric vehicles—dubbed the EV-01, EV-02 and EV-11. The Leaf followed the unsuccessful Altra and began production
Nissan Leaf (first generation)
Nissan_Leaf_(first_generation)
American professional wrestler and promoter (born 1971)
EV 2.0. In 2012, Dreamer started his wrestling promotion called House of Hardcore, named in honor of ECW's former wrestling school of the same name.
Tommy_Dreamer
are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions
Meanings of minor-planet names: 5001–6000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_5001–6000
the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that
Next_Spanish_general_election
Indian ceremony celebrating cinema of 2021
original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023. "Srikanth Deva, EV Ganesh Babu celebrate as 'Karuvarai' wins Best Non-Feature Film". ANI News
69th_National_Film_Awards
of the EV scale itself. An increase in exposure corresponds to a decrease in EV, so an exposure compensation of +1 EV results in a smaller EV; conversely
APEX_system
Chinese chemist and businessman (born 1966)
Wealth Of China EV Maker BYD's CEO". Forbes. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021. "Wang Chuanfu: A Name Everyone in the
Wang_Chuanfu
Line of Fujifilm cameras
Fujica is the name given by Fujifilm of Japan to its line of still-photography and motion picture cameras. The company was founded on January 20, 1934
Fujica
East Asian ethnic group
Chinese". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 51 (3): 271–279. Bibcode:2013JSyEv..51..271L. doi:10.1111/jse.12003. Project, Joshua. "Pinghua, Southern in China"
Han_Chinese
Range of automobiles
car. An electric version of the wagon was released to Japan named the "Lancer Libero EV" and utilizing a nickel–cadmium battery. Australia Australian
Mitsubishi_Mirage
Motorola mobile phone model
CDMA2000 version of the Razr V3, and supports the 3G CDMA 2000 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO technologies. It was released first on November 21, 2005, on Alltel and
Motorola_Razr_V3
SI unit of energy
(approximately unless otherwise stated): 1.0×107 erg (exactly) 6.24151×1018 eV 9.47817×10−4 BTU 0.737562 ft⋅lb (foot-pound) 23.7304 ft⋅pdl (foot-poundal)
Joule
Full-size SUV
‘Most Dakar Rally Wins by A Manufacturer’ from the Guinness World Records. Given their competition in the T2 class, vehicles were required by entry regulations
Mitsubishi_Pajero
Mid-size pickup truck
the Toyota Hilux in lieu of the Tacoma. The name "Tacoma" was derived from the Coast Salish peoples' name for Mount Rainier in the U.S. state of Washington
Toyota_Tacoma
Battery electric city car
"Ant" during the official launch in 2017. Originally code-named the Chery S51 EV, the Chery eQ1 is powered by a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor
Chery_eQ1
(Mitsubishi In-wheel motor Electric Vehicle) or MiEV (Mitsubishi innovative Electric Vehicle) /ˈmiːv/ is the name given by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors
MIEV
American audio equipment manufacturer
Electro-Voice (EV) is an American manufacturer of audio equipment, including microphones, amplifiers, and loudspeakers, focused on pro audio applications
Electro-Voice
Motor vehicle
the fourth-generation Integra. The Prelude name was originally trademarked by Toyota, but was amicably given to Honda for use. The Prelude's nameplate
Honda_Prelude
Petroleum Technology. 58 (3): 199–208. doi:10.3720/japt.58.199. dos Santos Neto, EV; Hayes, JM (1999). "Use of hydrogen and carbon stable isotopes characterizing
Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry
Hydrogen_isotope_biogeochemistry
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Luka may refer to: Luka (given name), a unisex given name Luka Dončić, Slovenian professional basketball player (born
Luka
by Yumaguzin and Vinnik (2019): Those Russian surnames that end with -ov/-ev or -in/-yn are originally patronymic or metronymic possessive adjectivals
Lists of most common surnames in Asian countries
Lists_of_most_common_surnames_in_Asian_countries
Electric mid-size sedan
2019). "Tesla Model 3 becomes all-time best-selling electric car in US". EV Adoption. The Driven. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved
Tesla_Model_3
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
reactors with kinetic energy of around 1 MeV, thermalize to around 0.025 eV as they scatter from light atoms. The resulting de Broglie wavelength (around
Matter_wave
Energy needed to remove an electron
In physics, ionization energy (IE) is usually expressed in electronvolts (eV) or joules (J). In chemistry, it is expressed as the energy to ionize a mole
Ionization_energy
LA = Leadership ability IQ = Intelligence AM = Avoiding crucial mistakes EV = Experts' view O = Overall Blue backgrounds indicate first quartile. Green
Historical rankings of presidents of the United States
Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States
History of Istanbul under Ottoman rule
Residential buildings in Istanbul were divided into several categories: ev — small structures housing commoners and lower-ranking servants; konak — a
Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire
Istanbul_during_the_Ottoman_Empire
Vanessa Hall and Philip Osborne, on the occasion of their marriage. The name was given by Gareth V. Williams, astronomer at the Minor Planet Center and a friend
Meanings of minor-planet names: 3001–4000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_3001–4000
Species of virus
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), also known as Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), is a virus of the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, notable for its role in
Enterovirus_71
EV GIVEN-NAME
EV GIVEN-NAME
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English
Having Courage Strength and Beauty; Wisdom Chivalry and Grace
Boy/Male
Indian
Hill, Heights
Boy/Male
Hindu
Language of God
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Rough.
Boy/Male
French
Little archer.
Boy/Male
Teutonic
Oath.
Boy/Male
Slavic Russian Polish
Lively.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Hill; High Place
Boy/Male
Scottish American
White hawk.
Boy/Male
Gaelic, Hindu, Indian, Irish
Rough; Small Rough One
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Scottish, Welsh
Little Falcon
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Indian
Life
Boy/Male
Basque, German, Teutonic
Industrious Pledge
Boy/Male
Australian, Christian, French, Irish
Holy; Sacred; Little Bone; Servant of the Saint's Disciple; From the New Town
Boy/Male
Hebrew, Hindu, Indian
Full of Life; Vigorous and Alive
Boy/Male
Muslim
Hill, Heights
Boy/Male
Christian, Indian
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Welsh
God is good.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Naomhán, NIVEN means either "little saint."
EV GIVEN-NAME
EV GIVEN-NAME
Girl/Female
Indian
Inescapable, Not running away
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Pure Lord
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Leaves.
Girl/Female
German
Noble; Kind
Girl/Female
Indian
Denote Goddess sowdeswari
Female
Scottish
 Norman French form of Old High German Adalheid, ALISON means "noble sort." In use by the English and Scottish.
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Indian, Tamil
Beautiful
Boy/Male
English
Son of a farmer. Both surname and given name.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Boy/Male
British, English, Finnish, Indian, Sanskrit
Gift of God; Beyond Me; Coconut Shell Previously Protecting the Baby Coconut Flowers
EV GIVEN-NAME
EV GIVEN-NAME
EV GIVEN-NAME
EV GIVEN-NAME
EV GIVEN-NAME
n.
To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to understand, to know, etc.
v.
Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given.
v.
Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise.
n.
Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to do something.
p. p.
Given.
p. p.
of Give
n.
The sense given by an interpreter; exposition or explanation given; meaning; as, commentators give various interpretations of the same passage of Scripture.
n.
To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy.
adv.
Stated; fixed; as, in a given time.
n.
To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.
n.
To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense; to give pleasure or pain.
n.
To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form given.
n.
To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship.
v. t.
To christen ( because a name is given to infants at their baptism); to give a name to; to name.
v. i.
To give a gift or gifts.
v. i.
To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as, the earth gives under the feet.
n.
One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.
n.
To pledge; as, to give one's word.
n.
To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give sparks.