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Public health measurements
In epidemiology, the excess deaths or excess mortality is a measure of the increase in the number of deaths during a time period and/or in a certain group
Excess_mortality
Academic views on death rates in Stalin-era USSR
Books, 2010. ISBN 0465002390 pp. vii, 413 Rosefielde, Steven (1983). "Excess Mortality in the Soviet Union: A Reconsideration of the Demographic Consequences
Excess mortality under Joseph Stalin
Excess_mortality_under_Joseph_Stalin
Lifespan of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender populations
although mortality may be higher in bisexuals. A 2022 study in the United States found no excess mortality among gay and bisexual males, but found excess mortality
LGBTQ_life_expectancy
Phenomenon of lower life expectancy and poor health in Glasgow, Scotland
use the phrase “excess mortality”. Walsh elaborates further that the terms are functionally outdated, because this excess mortality is no longer unexplained
Glasgow_effect
cardiovascular disease often experienced elevated mortality rates even among younger age groups. Excess mortality provides a broader estimate of these numbers
COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country
COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country
places 30th. A 2022 estimate of excess mortality during the pandemic using IHME COVID model estimated 18,300 excess deaths during 2020–2021 The Economist
COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden
Political and socioeconomic ideology
Many authors have written about excess deaths under Communist states and mortality rates, such as excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin
Communism
Phenomenon related to one's death date
who died between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019, found that excess mortality during the 15 days after a birthday amounted to 19,700 people. This
Birthday_effect
Awareness about death
Mortality salience is the awareness that one's death is inevitable and that all attempts to defer it indefinitely are ultimately futile. The term derives
Mortality_salience
Heatwaves in Europe in 2026
Benelux area. Between 18 and 29 June, the excess mortality rate in the country was 39 percent, with 1,222 excess deaths reported during the heatwave. A report
2026_European_heatwaves
1988–1991 breakup of the sovereign state
PMID 28626827. Ndefru, Bineh G.K.; Sullivan, Dylan; Hickel, Jason (2026). "Excess Mortality During the Dissolution of the Soviet Union". doi:10.2139/ssrn.6148078
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
1845–1852 mass starvation in Ireland
famine survivors and found that in areas with the highest famine-period excess mortality, selection effects were strong enough that surviving cohorts did not
Great_Famine_(Ireland)
Death rates in the early modern period
were also gender differences in the mortality rates, leading to an excess mortality rate in urban areas and in the female population. A main cause of death
Mortality in the early modern period
Mortality_in_the_early_modern_period
Famine in India under Crown rule
000 sq mi) and caused distress to a population totalling 58,500,000. The excess mortality in the famine has been estimated in the range of 5.6 million - 9.6
Great_Famine_of_1876–1878
Legal killing of a person as punishment
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Capital_punishment
Disease of the heart muscle
investigation, cardiomyopathies were associated with a substantial excess mortality compared with the general population, ranging from a 32-fold and 16-fold
Cardiomyopathy
Death of children under the age of 1
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before its first birthday. The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant
Infant_mortality
1918–1920 global influenza pandemic
than the mortality rate in the U.S., which the authors hypothesize is likely due to the severe effects of the war in Europe. The excess mortality rate in
Spanish_flu
Posthumous legal determination
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Manner_of_death
Artistic or symbolic reminder of the inevitability of death
general during the procession and remind him from time to time of his own mortality or prompt him to "look behind". A version of this warning is often rendered
Memento_mori
Funeral practice
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Sky_burial
Death of adult between 15 and 60 years old
Adult mortality is the death of an adult between the ages of 15 and 60 years. The adult mortality rate refers to the probability of dying between 15 and
Adult_mortality
Death rate of infants and young children
Child mortality is the death of children under the age of five. The child mortality rate (also under-five mortality rate) refers to the probability of
Child_mortality
Deaths per 1,000 individuals per year
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the
Mortality_rate
1840s northern European food crisis
correspondent lack of other staple foods was the direct cause of the crisis. Excess mortality occurred across all affected areas, with the highest casualty rates
European_potato_failure
Iraqi mortality rate. The first was published in 2004; the second (by many of the same authors) in 2006. The studies estimate the number of excess deaths
Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties
Lancet_surveys_of_Iraq_War_casualties
Aspect of human reproduction and medicine
Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined in slightly different ways by several different health organizations. The World Health Organization (WHO)
Maternal_death
Fourth stage of death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Rigor_mortis
Human mortality as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
the pandemic. Excess deaths (The patterns indicate the quality of the all-cause mortality data that were available for each country.) Excess deaths (global
COVID-19_pandemic_deaths
Display of executed criminals from a gallows-type structure
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Gibbeting
Medical condition
Perinatal mortality (PNM) is the death of a fetus or neonate and is the basis for calculation of the perinatal mortality rate. Perinatal means "relating
Perinatal_mortality
Act of mercy killing
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Coup_de_grâce
Entity believed to escort deceased souls to an afterlife
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Psychopomp
Condition involving an enlarged, ineffective heart
associated with a substantial excess mortality compared with the general population, ranging from about a 32-fold higher mortality in the youngest adults with
Dilated_cardiomyopathy
and studies found child mortality more than doubled during the sanctions, with estimates ranging from 227,000 to 500,000 excess deaths among children under
International sanctions against Iraq
International_sanctions_against_Iraq
Place in prison housing inmates awaiting execution
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Death_row
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Lists_of_unusual_deaths
Famine in British India during World War II
Regional differences in mortality rates were influenced by the effects of migration, and of natural disasters. In general, excess mortality was higher in the
Bengal_famine_of_1943
Type of tissue death by ischemia
soft, putrid, rotten, and dark.[citation needed] Because of the high mortality associated with infected gangrene (about 80% without treatment and 20%
Gangrene
Permanent loss of brain function
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Brain_death
Global pandemic
of 1893–1894, and early 1895. According to researchers' estimates, excess mortality from Russian influenza in the Russian Empire for the period 1889–1890
1889–1890_pandemic
Dead and decaying flesh of an animal
Nemeth, NM; Beckett, S; Edwards, E; Klenk, K; Komar, N (2007). "Avian mortality surveillance for West Nile virus in Colorado". American Journal of Tropical
Carrion
Cause of death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Death_from_laughter
1968–70 flu pandemic
excess pneumonia and influenza and all-cause mortality rates of 4.0 and 23.5 per 100,000, respectively, the second wave resulted in excess mortality rates
Hong_Kong_flu
Ritual act of placing a dead person or animal into the ground
Chang-Won (2010). "Funerary transformations in contemporary South Korea". Mortality. 15 (1): 18–37. doi:10.1080/13576270903537559. S2CID 143440915. Swazey
Burial
Unprogrammed cell death caused by external cell injury
leukocytes would create collateral damage to surrounding tissues. This excess collateral damage inhibits the healing process. Thus, untreated necrosis
Necrosis
Health computed a death toll of >70,000 by analysing daily temperature and mortality data. The disease was a public health emergency of international concern
List of natural disasters by death toll
List_of_natural_disasters_by_death_toll
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
(April 2022). "Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21". Lancet. 399 (10334):
COVID-19_pandemic
Dominici, Francesca; Roberts, Jessica; Zigler, Corwin (24 November 2023). "Mortality risk from United States coal electricity generation". Science. 382 (6673):
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
Health_and_environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Lists_of_deaths_by_year
Response to loss in humans and other animals
in the first six months following a death. Others have noted increased mortality rates (Ward, A.W. 1976) and Bunch et al. found a five times greater risk
Grief
Preserved dead human or animal
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Mummy
Completely removing the limbs from a living or dead being
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Dismemberment
Wax or plaster cast made of a person's face following death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Death_mask
Recurring periods of influenza
places, with lower all-cause excess mortality and a lower increase in both pneumonia-influenza and all-cause excess mortality, both indicating that this
Flu_season
Reinterpretation of a historical account
In historiography, historical revisionism is the reinterpretation of a historical account. It involves challenging the orthodox (established, accepted
Historical_revisionism
Ethical concept about the end of life
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Dignified_death
Committing murder and suicide
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Murder–suicide
Buddhist mummification
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Sokushinbutsu
of mortality, as the United States did. However, a second wave was observed in Quebec and in particular Montreal, where all-cause excess mortality in
1957–1958_influenza_pandemic
Intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Euthanasia
Reflex movement in brain-dead or brainstem failure patients
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Lazarus_sign
WWI naval blockade
has been pointed out that there was an even slightly larger civilian excess mortality during the war in the United Kingdom and France, both countries that
Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)
Blockade_of_Germany_(1914–1919)
End of an organism's life
Right to Food from 2000 to March 2008, mortality due to malnutrition accounted for 58% of the total mortality rate in 2006. Ziegler says worldwide, approximately
Death
Beings in mythology and fiction
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Undead
Famine that affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union
policies by the Soviet state were the primary contributors to famine mortality (52% of excess deaths), and some evidence shows that ethnic Ukrainians and Germans
Soviet_famine_of_1930–1933
Magic involving communication with the deceased
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Necromancy
Personal experiences associated with death or impending death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Near-death_experience
Death of the second Soviet leader
Tehran Conference Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference 1946–1947 famine Excess mortality Political ideology Stalinism Bibliography Comparison to Nazism Antisemitism
Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin
Death_and_state_funeral_of_Joseph_Stalin
Burning of a dead body as a disposal method
cremation rates in the world and cities in Denmark and Finland have made use of excess heat from cremations to heat nearby homes. Antyesti Burial at sea Burial
Cremation
First stage of death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Pallor_mortis
Second stage of death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Livor_mortis
Killing of a human by another human
around the world were killed in homicides in 2017, a number significantly in excess of the 89,000 killed in armed conflicts during the same period. Murder is
Homicide
Deborah; Botts, Elizabeth; Smith, Ken; Pimentel, Richard (2013). "Excess Mortality and Causes of Death in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Follow up of the
Mortality of autistic individuals
Mortality_of_autistic_individuals
Fifth stage of death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Putrefaction
Process of cells digesting parts of themselves
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Autophagy
Disorder of consciousness caused by severe brain damage
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Vegetative_state
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
List_of_unusual_animal_deaths
Third stage of death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Algor_mortis
Medically induced suicide with help from another person
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Assisted suicide in the United States
Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States
Nongovernmental humanitarian organization
the excess mortality in the DRC due to conflicts following the genocide of Tutsis in Rwanda. According to the IRC at first, the excess mortality was estimated
International Rescue Committee
International_Rescue_Committee
Death-related gathering
286–293. McCorristine, Shane (2017). Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Mortality and Its Timings. Springer. pp. 4–7. Hazlitt, William Carew; Brand, John
Wake_(ceremony)
Postmortem erection often found in those executed by hanging
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Death_erection
Anthropomorphized depiction of life's end
traditional folk songs. The following is a verse of "The Great Messenger of Mortality, or a Dialogue betwixt Death and a Lady" as written in a broadside in
Personifications_of_death
Rhetorical tongue-in-cheek award
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Darwin_Awards
Judicial inquiry, particularly into the cause of a death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Inquest
Dead human body
(2019). "Materiality and the Body. Explorations at the End of Life". Mortality. 24 (2): 231–246. doi:10.1080/13576275.2019.1585787. Wikimedia Commons
Cadaver
Person who suffers persecution and death for their faith
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Martyr
Concept of eternal life
aging. Specifically it is the absence of a sustained increase in rate of mortality as a function of chronological age. A cell or organism that does not experience
Immortality
1837–1838, 800,000. In the second half of the 19th-century large-scale excess mortality was caused by: Upper Doab famine of 1860–1861, 2 million; Great Famine
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule
Timeline_of_major_famines_in_India_during_British_rule
Government official who confirms and certifies the death of an individual
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Coroner
Medical examination of a corpse
Current Trends Autopsy Frequency – United States, 1980–1985, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 37(12);191–94 Pollock DA, O'Neil JM, Parrish RG, Combs
Autopsy
Christian prayers and ministrations given before death
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Last_rites
Type of survival rate
five-year relative survival rates are well below 100%, reflecting excess mortality among cancer patients compared to the general population. However it
Five-year_survival_rate
Fetish involving sexual attraction to corpses
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
Necrophilia
Zone Date 1942–1943 Deaths Highly Disputed; estimates range from modest excess mortality to over 4 million Perpetrators Soviet Union and United Kingdom
Iranian_famine_of_1942–1943
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
List of unusual deaths in the Renaissance
List_of_unusual_deaths_in_the_Renaissance
British discussion group honouring Joseph Stalin
The Stalin Society is a British discussion group for individuals who see Joseph Stalin as a great Marxist–Leninist and wish to preserve his legacy. The
Stalin_Society
Soviet penal labor camp system
and internment camps#Russia and the Soviet Union List of Gulag camps Excess mortality under Joseph Stalin Foreign forced labor in the Soviet Union Human
Gulag
honor the dead Mortality Birthday effect Child mortality Adult mortality Excess mortality Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Infant mortality Karoshi Maternal
List of unusual deaths in antiquity
List_of_unusual_deaths_in_antiquity
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