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Censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain
Excommunication
Catholic practice
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, excommunication (from Latin ex- 'out of' and communio or communicatio 'communion'; literally 'exclusion from
Excommunication in the Catholic Church
Excommunication_in_the_Catholic_Church
Consecration of bishops by SSPX
"formally adhere" to the SSPX were excommunicated. The SSPX disputes these excommunications. The Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) was founded in 1970 by Archbishop
2026_Écône_consecrations
disobedience to the Church or its teachings. In Roman Catholic canon law, excommunication is a censure and thus a "medicinal penalty" intended to invite the
List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church
List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church
Album by Tyler Glenn
Excommunication is the first solo album by Neon Trees singer Tyler Glenn, released on October 21, 2016, by Island Records. The title of the album refers
Excommunication_(album)
Painting by Jean-Paul Laurens
The Excommunication of Robert the Pious (French: L'Excommunication de Robert le Pieux) is an 1875 painting by Jean-Paul Laurens, held by the Musée d'Orsay
The Excommunication of Robert the Pious
The_Excommunication_of_Robert_the_Pious
Term for something or someone vehemently hated or banned
liturgical meaning evolved again to mean a formal ecclesiastical curse of excommunication and the condemnation of heretical doctrines, the severest form of separation
Anathema
King of the Franks from 996 to 1031
years and, in the event of non-separation, they would be struck with excommunication. Moreover, at the end of three years of union, there were no living
Robert_II_of_France
has attached the penalty of excommunication; the list is not exhaustive. In most cases these were "automatic excommunications", wherein the violator who
List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church
List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church
Congregation discipline as practiced by Jehovah's Witnesses
enforced, from reproof and restriction of congregational duties to excommunication, which includes shunning. Individuals who are removed may be later
Jehovah's Witnesses congregational discipline
Jehovah's_Witnesses_congregational_discipline
2001 studio album by The Meads of Asphodel
The Excommunication of Christ is the first full-length studio album by the black metal band The Meads of Asphodel. It was released on Supernal Music in
The_Excommunication_of_Christ
Abortion controversy in 2009
The excommunication of Margaret McBride occurred with the sanctioning by the American religious sister Margaret McBride in November 2009 of an abortion
Excommunication of Margaret McBride
Excommunication_of_Margaret_McBride
Head of the Catholic Church since 2025
confronted the second Écône consecrations, which resulted in renewed excommunications and schism with the Society of St. Pius X. Robert Francis Prevost was
Pope_Leo_XIV
1988 consecrations of SSPX bishops
Castro Mayer, and the consecrated bishops, had incurred automatic excommunication by participating in the consecration of bishops without papal consent
1988_Écône_consecrations
Radical Islamist group founded by Shukri Mustafa
wal-Hijra (Arabic: التكفير والهجرة, translation: "Excommunication and Exodus", alternatively "excommunication and emigration" or "anathema and exile"), was
Takfir_wal-Hijra
SSPX bishops individually incurred a disciplinary latae sententiae excommunication for this schismatic act. The SSPX maintained that it was canonically
Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X
Canonical_situation_of_the_Society_of_Saint_Pius_X
Russian writer (1828–1910)
Orthodox Church to reconsider Tolstoy's excommunication. Despite his efforts, the status of the excommunication remained unchanged, with Orthodox priest
Leo_Tolstoy
French Discalced Carmelite nun and saint (1873–1897)
Protestant widow whom he had brought to Catholicism years ago. After his excommunication, he continued to travel around France giving lectures. While clerical
Thérèse_of_Lisieux
Italian Dominican friar and philosopher (1225–1274)
whereby they deserve not only to be separated from the Church by excommunication, but also to be severed from the world by death. For it is a much graver
Thomas_Aquinas
King of England from 1509 to 1547
took the step of excommunicating the King and Cranmer, although the excommunication was not made official until some time later. The King and Queen were
Henry_VIII
Highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community
Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include
Herem_(censure)
Ways sentences are imposed in the Catholic Church
that the 1983 Code of Canon Law envisages are excommunication, interdict, and suspension. Excommunication prohibits participation in certain forms of liturgical
Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae
Latae_sententiae_and_ferendae_sententiae
2009 incident in Brazil
mother's life. The 1983 Code of Canon Law says that latae sententiae excommunication is incurred by "a person who procures a completed abortion" (Canon
2009 Brazilian girl abortion case
2009_Brazilian_girl_abortion_case
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
1965 by the Catholic and Orthodox churches, mutually revoking the excommunications that marked their Great Schism in 1054; the Anglican Catholic International
Christianity
Current calendar year
says SSPX bishop consecrations constitute 'schismatic act' subject to excommunication". OSV News. Retrieved June 30, 2026. "Episcopal Consecrations at Écône
2026
European political entity (800/962–1806)
famous Walk to Canossa in 1077, by which he achieved a lifting of the excommunication at the price of humiliation. Meanwhile, the German princes had elected
Holy_Roman_Empire
Spanish-Argentine bishop (born 1957)
officially declared the remission of the SSPX's contested automatic excommunications. In 2026, Bishop de Galarreta was again excommunicated from the Catholic
Alfonso_de_Galarreta
Canadian polygamist
Winston Blackmore (born August 25, 1956) is the leader of a polygamous Fundamentalist Latter Day Saint religious group in Bountiful, British Columbia,
Winston_Blackmore
1570 papal bull by Pius V excommunicating Queen Elizabeth I of England
Those who shall act to the contrary we include in the like sentence of excommunication." Among the queen's offences, "She has removed the royal Council, composed
Regnans_in_Excelsis
American SSPX bishop (born 1980)
was automatically excommunicated. The SSPX does not consider this excommunication valid.[better source needed] "The Coats of Arms and Mottos of the Future
Michael_Goldade
English excommunicated Catholic bishop (1940–2025)
declared all parties had incurred ipso facto automatic excommunication. The validity of the excommunication has always been denied by the SSPX, who, citing canon
Richard_Williamson
Schismatic traditionalist Catholic priestly fraternity
co-consecrator. This resulted in the automatic excommunication of the SSPX. The Holy See confirmed the excommunication of the entire society the following day
Society_of_Saint_Pius_X
Excommunicated Zambian bishop (born 1930)
mandate. Through that act alone, Milingo had incurred a latae sententiae excommunication, which was stated by the Holy See Press Office two days later. On December
Emmanuel_Milingo
Italian cardinal (born 1934)
notified Catholics in his diocese that they would incur automatic excommunication if they belonged to groups that espoused beliefs that contradicted
Giovanni_Battista_Re
American researcher
Thaminder Singh Anand Born (1957-09-30) 30 September 1957 (age 68) Known for Excommunication by Akal Takht
Thaminder_Singh_Anand
heresies in a variety of ways, including through theological debate, excommunication, and even violence. This is a list of some of the Christian heresies
List_of_Christian_heresies
Founder and former CEO of Operation Underground Railroad
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints of defaming him and argued that his excommunication was the result of a broader conspiracy. These claims, made in interviews
Tim_Ballard
Relations between Napoleon and the Catholic Church
turns and had two successive popes held prisoner, resulting in his excommunication by Pope Pius VII. In 1796, French troops under the command of General
Napoleon and the Catholic Church
Napoleon_and_the_Catholic_Church
Stance of the Catholic Church on abortion
of the 1983 Code of Canon Law imposes automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication on Latin Catholics who actually procure an abortion, if they fulfill
Catholic_Church_and_abortion
Latin Catholic legislation
person who actually procures an abortion incurs a latae sententiae excommunication". Before the December 2021 reform, the content related to this topic
Canon_1397_paragraph_2
Many bishops, priests and monks strongly condemned theatrical amusements or even declared the actors to be "instruments of Satan", "a curse to the Church"
Catholic_Church_and_theatre
Loans with unfairly high interest rate
not fully and freely restored when claimed, incur the sentence of excommunication. They shall also incur the same sentence unless within three months
Usury
French traditionalist Catholic archbishop (1905–1991)
the ceremony had incurred automatic excommunication, which Lefebvre refused to acknowledge. The excommunications were rescinded in 2009 by Pope Benedict
Marcel_Lefebvre
Masonic organizations were censured with automatic excommunication. Since 1983, excommunication is no longer automatic but optional. Pope John Paul II's
Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry
Papal bull issued by Pope Pius VII
decree's proclamation in Rome, capital of the Papal States, with an excommunication of Napoleon (though not by name) and all those who had contributed
Quum_memoranda
American Mormon leader (1943–2010)
minor girl in 1989, and that this was one of the reasons for Lee's excommunication. Initially, Lee denied the charges; however, on October 12, 1994, the
George_P._Lee
Catholic Church law
penalty completely except in cases of latae sententiae (automatic) excommunication. The diminution or replacement of the penalty must be applied if the
Canon_1324
Sri Lankan Catholic priest and theologian
intense international publicity and six days of negotiations, the excommunication was rescinded in January 1998. Although Balasuriya did not admit to
Tissa_Balasuriya
Dutch theologian, namesake for the Mennonites (1496–1561)
Protestant reformer John Calvin (1509–64), focusing on the issue of excommunication. This theological analysis stresses sharp contrasts between the two
Menno_Simons
refused or threatened to refuse communion, or threatened to declare excommunication upon Catholic politicians who support abortion rights. In some cases
Eucharist denial to Catholic politicians over abortion
Eucharist_denial_to_Catholic_politicians_over_abortion
election. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. Excommunication—literally, the denial of communion—usually means that a person is barred
List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church
List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church
12th-century dispute between Thomas Becket and Henry II of England
dispute with the king confiscating property and the archbishop issuing excommunications. King Henry II appointed his chancellor, Thomas Becket, as Archbishop
Becket_controversy
Belief that is strongly at variance with customs
Christianity, and Islam has at times been met with censure ranging from excommunication to the death penalty. Heresy is distinct from apostasy, which is the
Heresy
Term used in law
mitigation. In canon law, "aggravation" was a form of censure, threatening excommunication after three disregarded admonitions. Black, Henry Campbell, Black's
Aggravation_(law)
German priest, theologian and author (1483–1546)
outlaw at the Diet of Worms. At the time of Luther's death in 1546, his excommunication was still in effect. Luther taught that justification is not earned
Martin_Luther
Count of Toulouse
with Pope Innocent III over his tolerance of the Cathars prompted his excommunication and the start of the Albigensian Crusade. Raymond was born at Saint-Gilles
Raymond_VI_of_Toulouse
Swiss bishop (born 1958)
Congregation for Bishops, on instructions from Pope Benedict XVI, lifted the excommunications. In July 2026, Fellay was automatically excommunicated from the Catholic
Bernard_Fellay
Christian church based in Rome
(1520) which accused the Pope of being the anti-Christ: this led to his excommunication in 1521. In Switzerland Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant
Catholic_Church
American Mormon leader (1806–1850)
Missouri leaders amid a leadership struggle with Smith. After his excommunication, Cowdery moved to Wisconsin, where he practiced law and became involved
Oliver_Cowdery
Excommunication ritual
phrase "bell, book, and candle" refers to a Latin Christian method of excommunication by anathema, imposed on a person who had committed an exceptionally
Bell,_book,_and_candle
French sedeprivationist bishop and theologian (1898–1988)
Doctrine of the Faith judged in 1983 that he had incurred "ipso facto excommunication" as a consequence. Regardless, Guérard des Lauriers himself later consecrated
Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
Michel-Louis_Guérard_des_Lauriers
Mosque and former church in Istanbul, Turkey
of Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox civilization". It was where the excommunication of Patriarch Michael I Cerularius was officially delivered by Humbert
Hagia_Sophia
1320 letter to Pope John XXII affirming Scottish independence from England
to Pope John XXII. It constituted King Robert I's response to his excommunication for disobeying the pope's demand in 1317 for a truce in the First War
Declaration_of_Arbroath
French traditionalist Catholic bishop (1945–2024)
Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, incurring automatic excommunication and suspension. The excommunication was later lifted by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009. The
Bernard_Tissier_de_Mallerais
American frontiersman and territorial politician (1815–1883)
William Adams "Wild Bill" Hickman (April 16, 1815 – August 21, 1883) was an American frontiersman. He also served as a representative to the Utah Territorial
Wild_Bill_Hickman
Queen of Wessex from 856 to 860
Bishop Hunger of Utrecht in which he informed Hunger of Baldwin's excommunication for kidnapping Judith and marrying her without royal consent. Contemporary
Judith_of_Flanders
Head of the Catholic Church from 1585 to 1590
over-ambitious; he excommunicated King Henry IV of France and renewed the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth I of England. He is recognized as a significant
Pope_Sixtus_V
Habsburg monarch from 1848 to 1916
veto, as the new Pope Pius X prohibited future uses and provided for excommunication for any attempt. During the mid-1870s, a series of violent rebellions
Franz_Joseph_I
English charter of freedoms made in 1215
charter was "null, and void of all validity for ever"; under threat of excommunication, the King was not to observe the charter, nor the barons try to enforce
Magna_Carta
Early 17th century Portuguese-Jewish philosopher
prompting the Hamburg community to sanction da Costa with a herem, or excommunication. The Propositions are extant only as quotes and paraphrases in Shield
Uriel_da_Costa
Type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse without consent
(ravishment). Both of these forms of raptus had a civil penalty and possible excommunication for the family and village receiving the abducted woman, although raptus
Rape
Ritual submission of Henry IV
involved the Emperor seeking absolution and the revocation of his excommunication by the Pope who had been staying at the castle as the guest of Margravine
Road_to_Canossa
Break of communion between the Western and Eastern churches
legates' act is doubtful because Pope Leo had died and Cerularius' excommunication only applied to the legates personally. Still, the Church split along
East–West_Schism
German teenager executed for resisting Nazism
Otto Berndt, refused to provide the second required signature on the excommunication certificate. However, a member of the mission presidency later provided
Helmuth_Hübener
American judge
they had overstayed their visas, which would be revoked if Leander's excommunication was not lifted. Beck, Darnell Brunner. "Obits of the Perez Family of
Leander_Perez
Catholic archbishop
exception of Brazil’s abortion laws, Sobrinho stated that automatic excommunication had been incurred by the girl's mother and the medical team. Regarding
José_Cardoso_Sobrinho
American religious leader (1870-1963)
church's Relief Society general president during the period of his excommunication. Lyman was born in Fillmore, Utah Territory, and was closely related
Richard_R._Lyman
1228–1229 attempted conquest of the Holy Land
others. Frederick II carried out his maneuvers in 1228 while under excommunication from the Church by Pope Gregory IX. The Fifth Crusade ended in 1221
Sixth_Crusade
American human rights lawyer (born 1980/1)
letters on her behalf from supporters. In the weeks before and after her excommunication, Kelly urged followers to stay in the church and "raise hell" if they
Kate_Kelly_(feminist)
Major branch of Christianity
monasticism, the authority of the pope, the ecclesiastical law, censure and excommunication, the role of secular rulers in religious matters, the relationship
Protestantism
Statement of belief
we see not, we shall have cause to be thankful to God and to them. Excommunication is a practice of the Bible to exclude members who do not respect the
Creed
Confidentiality of Catholic confession
explicitly connects a sin to a penitent, "incurs a latae sententiae excommunication". One who breaks the seal "indirectly" (that is, through their words
Seal of confession in the Catholic Church
Seal_of_confession_in_the_Catholic_Church
Head of the Catholic Church from 1073 to 1085
Church's clergy. These decrees were further stressed, under threat of excommunication, the next year (24–28 February). In particular, Gregory decreed that
Pope_Gregory_VII
King of Italy from 1861 to 1878
victorious Battle of Castelfidardo over the Papal forces. This led to his excommunication from the Catholic Church. He subsequently met Garibaldi at Teano, receiving
Victor_Emmanuel_II
Filipino antipope (born 1970)
Philippines advised Catholics not to support Martinez or risk facing excommunication. Rojas says Martinez is not a Catholic priest, and therefore cannot
Rogelio_del_Rosario_Martinez
Anglo-Norman knight who killed Thomas Becket in 1170)
William de Tracy (died c. 1189) was a knight and the feudal baron of Bradninch, Devon, with caput at the manor of Bradninch near Exeter, and was lord of
William_de_Tracy
Tapered four-sided stone monument
sixteenth century (after reduced contact with Italy following the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth), Shakespeare failed to distinguish between pyramids
Obelisk
Organization responsible for the upkeep of Sikh temples in Haryana, India
The Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕ ਕਮੇਟੀ; abbr. HSGMC), is an organization responsible for the upkeep
Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee
Haryana_Sikh_Gurdwara_Management_Committee
Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105
alarming Alexander's successor, Gregory VII, who threatened him with excommunication for selling church offices. In 1076, German bishops, encouraged by
Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Abortion rights advocacy group
face automatic excommunication. Bruskewitz noted that heeding the ban on receiving the sacraments, which results from excommunication, would "be left
Catholics_for_Choice
Head of the Catholic Church in 1590
instituting the world's first known public smoking ban, threatening excommunication for those using tobacco in or near a church. Giovanni Battista Castagna
Pope_Urban_VII
14th century Metropolitan of Ephesus
Byzantium, serving as the metropolitan of Ephesus from 1329, until his excommunication in 1351, due to his anti-Palamite stance during the Hesychast controversy
Matthew_of_Ephesus
Terrorist acts by groups of individuals who profess Islamic motivations or goals
Justification of violence without permitted declarations of takfir (excommunication) has been criticized. The use of the phrase "Islamic terrorism" is
Islamic_terrorism
Independent Catholic International organization
excommunicated by the Vatican, and his request for a revocation of the excommunication was denied, in Decree on the Attempted Ordination of Some Catholic
Roman_Catholic_Womenpriests
Brazilian Catholic clergyman
Catholic and ally of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, he incurred automatic excommunication for participating in the 1988 illicit consecration of four bishops
Antônio_de_Castro_Mayer
Emperor of the French (1804–1814; 1815)
2 December 2023. "Napoleon and the Pope: From the Concordat to the Excommunication". Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January
Napoleon
Slovenian artist, theologian, and priest
the director of Centro Aletti in Rome. In December 2022, Rupnik's excommunication due to the ecclesiastical crime of absolution of an accomplice and
Marko_Rupnik
Symbolic day in American abolitionism
A symbolic day in the history of the American abolitionist movement was May 14, 1838. On that date two related events occurred: the inauguration in Philadelphia
Wedding of Theodore Weld and Angelina Grimké
Wedding_of_Theodore_Weld_and_Angelina_Grimké
Head of the Catholic Church from 1227 to 1241
Europe complaining of his treatment. The suspension was followed by excommunication and threats of deposition, as deeper rifts appeared. Frederick II went
Pope_Gregory_IX
Ex-communicated son of Guru Har Rai
became an Udasi after being ex-communicated by his father. After his excommunication, he founded the Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib, a Darbar in Dehradun which
Ram_Rai
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