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Form of censorship of artistic or other media works
An expurgation of a work, also known as a bowdlerization or fig-leafing, is a form of censorship that involves purging anything deemed noxious or offensive
Expurgation
Controversy over books by Roald Dahl
Books, the children's imprint of the British publisher Penguin Books, expurgated various works by British author Roald Dahl, causing controversy. During
Roald Dahl revision controversy
Roald_Dahl_revision_controversy
1953 dystopian novel by Ray Bradbury
Playboy magazine. Starting in January 1967, Fahrenheit 451 was subject to expurgation by its publisher, Ballantine Books, with the release of the "Bal-Hi Edition"
Fahrenheit_451
U.S. state
intensified in the late 19th and early 20th century, the word aikāne was expurgated of its original sexual meaning, and in print simply meant "friend". Nonetheless
Hawaii
English physician and editor (1754–1825)
an interested knowledge of continental Europe. His last work was an expurgation of Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published posthumously
Thomas_Bowdler
1876 novel by Émile Zola
Son Excellence Eugène Rougon is the sixth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola. It was serialized in 1876 in Le Siècle before being published
Son_Excellence_Eugène_Rougon
1880 novel by Émile Zola
Nana is a novel by the French naturalist author Émile Zola. Completed in 1880, Nana is the ninth installment in the 20-volume Les Rougon-Macquart series
Nana_(novel)
1877 Novel by Émile Zola
L'Assommoir [lasɔmwaʁ], published as a serial in 1876, and in book form in 1877, is the seventh novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart
L'Assommoir
Irish writer (1854–1900)
the Person Act 1861, ss 61, 62 Ross published a version of the letter expurgated of all references to Douglas in 1905 with the title De Profundis, expanding
Oscar_Wilde
1890 novel by Émile Zola
La Bête humaine (English: The Beast Within or The Beast in Man or The Monomaniac) is an 1890 novel by Émile Zola. It is the seventeenth book in Zola's
La_Bête_humaine
Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing
Permanent Record, as the Chinese publisher had violated their agreement by expurgating all mentions of Tor and other matters deemed politically sensitive by
Tor_(network)
Personal diaries of Queen Victoria
diaries and journals throughout her life, filling 122 volumes which were expurgated after her death by her daughter Princess Beatrice. Extracts were published
Queen_Victoria's_journals
Music genre
success to have English traditional songs (in his own heavily edited and expurgated versions) to be taught to school children in hopes of reviving and prolonging
Folk_music
Topics referred to by the same term
a 1992 Herman's Head episode The C Word (film), a 2016 documentary Expurgation, replacing taboo words List of disability-related terms with negative
C-word
Diary (1762/63) of James Boswell
is the only one whose material had not undergone extensive familial expurgation in the 19th century, and so it retained the racy material that made the
London_Journal_(Boswell)
1884 novel by Émile Zola
La joie de vivre (English: The Joy of Living) is the twelfth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola. It was serialized in the periodical Gil
La_joie_de_vivre
Artistic or metaphorical censorship practice
knowledge of good and evil. A "fig-leaf edition" of a work is known as an expurgation or Bowdlerization. Ancient Greek art was dominated by the tradition of
Fig_leaf
Ethnic group in Japan and Russia
Chamberlain, B. H. Folk-Lore Society, 1888. (Members edition, without expurgation) of: Aino Folk-Tales Organizations Hokkaido Utari Kyokai/Ainu Association
Ainu_people
American-born British politician (1897–1958)
until 60 years from my death." An expurgated selection from the diaries was published in 1967. The necessity for expurgation is illustrated by the reaction
Henry_Channon
Novel by Émile Zola published in 1892
La Débâcle (1892), translated as The Debacle and The Downfall, is the penultimate novel of Émile Zola's Les Rougon-Macquart series, which first appeared
La_Débâcle
Contractual agreement not to disclose specified information
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Non-disclosure_agreement
American computer programmer
oriented listservs in the early 1990s after posting the memoir "The Expurgation of Maniac Mansion" to a video gaming bulletin board. The memoir documented
Douglas_Crockford
1605–1615 novel by Miguel de Cervantes
translators take as their model the 1885 translation by John Ormsby. An expurgated children's version, under the title The Story of Don Quixote, was published
Don_Quixote
1954 French film
film first screened publicly in 1954 with the sexually explicit scenes expurgated. The film begins with a hand extended from prison bars, swinging a bouquet
Un_chant_d'amour
English playwright and author (1874–1965)
thirty-seven separate reasons. In the first screen version of Rain (1928) expurgations fundamentally altered the characters; an adaptation of "The Facts of
W._Somerset_Maugham
Song
Martin Page published a compilation of "British military songs without expurgation", titled Kiss Me Goodnight, Sergeant Major! The Songs and Ballads of
Kiss Me Goodnight, Sergeant Major
Kiss_Me_Goodnight,_Sergeant_Major
Embroidery depicting the 1066 Norman invasion of England
The Bayeux Tapestry (French: Tapisserie de Bayeux) is an embroidered cloth nearly 70 metres (230 feet) long and 50 centimetres (20 inches) tall that depicts
Bayeux_Tapestry
1891 Novel by Émile Zola
L'Argent ("Money") is the eighteenth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola. It was serialized in the periodical Gil Blas beginning in November
L'Argent
1851 novel by Herman Melville
the result was that the British edition was "badly mutilated". The expurgations fall into four categories, ranked according to the apparent priorities
Moby-Dick
1873 novel by Émile Zola
imprisonment for obscene libel the novel was one of those revised and expurgated by his son, Ernest Alfred Vizetelly; this mutilated version entitled The
Le_Ventre_de_Paris
English poet (1792–1822)
poetry and prose was not published in his lifetime, or only published in expurgated form, due to the risk of prosecution for political and religious libel
Percy_Bysshe_Shelley
1885 novel by Émile Zola
Germinal is the thirteenth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart. Often considered Zola's masterpiece and one of the most significant
Germinal_(novel)
Mild or indirect word or expression
Dog whistle (politics) Double entendre Dysphemism Emotive conjugation Expurgation (often called bowdlerization, after Thomas Bowdler) Inclusive language
Euphemism
1872 novel by Émile Zola
La Curée (English: The Kill) is the 2nd novel in Émile Zola's 20-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart serialised from 1871 to 1872 and published in book form
La_Curée
Canadian poet of Scottish descent
h-Urchaid ("The Venereal Disease"). According to Robert Dunbar, Sinclair's expurgated and heavily rewritten versions of his grandfather's poems were long treated
Iain_mac_Ailein
1888 novel by Émile Zola
Le rêve (lit. 'The Dream') is the sixteenth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola. It is about an orphan girl who falls in love with a nobleman
Le_Rêve_(novel)
Legal order to restrict publication
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Gag_order
on Free Will, many of his works were at times banned or required to be expurgated under various Catholic regional Indexes of prohibited books, and issued
Works_of_Erasmus
1874 novel by Émile Zola
La Conquête de Plassans (1874), published in English as The Conquest of Plassans and A Priest in the House, is the fourth novel in French writer Émile
La_Conquête_de_Plassans
Initialism for "read the fucking manual"
question, and to provide an exact location or link where exactly to RTFM. In expurgated texts, substitutions such as "read the frickn' manual", "read the factory
RTFM
19th-century expurgated edition of the plays of William Shakespeare
Legacy: A History of Expurgated Books in England and America. Perrin attributes the fall of bowdlerization and literary expurgation to the rise of Freudian
The_Family_Shakespeare
1627 book by Francisco de Quevedo
censorship of the time, which had already caused problems for Quevedo, in 1631 expurgated versions of the Dreams were published under the name Juguetes de la niñez
Los_Sueños
Fictional story typically featuring folkloric fantasy characters and magic
tales as indicative of psychological conflicts, strongly criticized this expurgation, because it weakened their usefulness to both children and adults as
Fairy_tale
1875 novel by Émile Zola
La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret (1875) is the fifth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart. Viciously anticlerical in tone, it follows
La_Faute_de_l'Abbé_Mouret
1877 novel by Émile Zola
Une page d'amour is the eighth novel in the 'Rougon-Macquart' series by Émile Zola, set among the petite bourgeoisie in Second Empire suburban Paris. It
Une_page_d'amour
1883 novel by Émile Zola
Au Bonheur des Dames (French pronunciation: [obɔnœʁ deˈdam]; The Ladies' Delight or The Ladies' Paradise) is the eleventh novel in the Rougon-Macquart
Au_Bonheur_des_Dames
Exclusion of someone from social relations
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Social_rejection
1867 novel by Émile Zola
Thérèse Raquin (French pronunciation: [teʁɛz ʁakɛ̃]) is an early novel by French writer Émile Zola. The germ of the novel was present in his short story
Thérèse_Raquin
2023 Indian film by Lokesh Kanagaraj
Leo (also marketed as Leo: Bloody Sweet) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by Lokesh Kanagaraj. Produced by Seven Screen Studio
Leo_(2023_Indian_film)
2008 Indian film by Madhur Bhandarkar
Fashion is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language drama film co-written and directed by Madhur Bhandarkar. The film stars Priyanka Chopra, Kangana Ranaut and Mugdha
Fashion_(2008_film)
2002 film by K. S. Ravikumar
Panchatanthiram (transl. Five Ruses) is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language black comedy film co-written and directed by K. S. Ravikumar. The story is written
Panchatanthiram
1991 Indian film
Uruvam (transl. Figure) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language Supernatural horror film, directed by G. M. Kumar. The film stars Mohan, Pallavi, R. P. Viswam
Uruvam
is best known today because it was one of the books spared during the expurgation of Don Quixote's library in Chapter 6 of Part I of Don Quixote. This
Belianís_de_Grecia
1926–27 American novel by Upton Sinclair
Oil! is an American novel by Upton Sinclair, first published in 1926–27 and told as a third-person narrative, with only the opening pages written in the
Oil!
Central text of Rabbinic Judaism
Mishnah) instead of "Talmud" dates from this time. The first edition of the expurgated Talmud, on which most subsequent editions were based, appeared at Basel
Talmud
1986 film by G. M. Kumar
Aruvadai Naal (transl. Harvest Day) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by G. M. Kumar in his debut. The film stars Prabhu and
Aruvadai_Naal
1967 single by Van Morrison
"Brown Eyed Girl" is a song by Northern Irish singer and songwriter Van Morrison. Written by Morrison and recorded in March 1967, it was released as a
Brown_Eyed_Girl
Legal control of the internet
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Internet_censorship
impurity, pure, puree, purge, purify, purity purg- cleanse Latin purgare expurgate, purgatory, purge purpur- purple Latin purpura purpurate, purpureal put-
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
Fictional pilot by W. E. Johns
James Charles Bigglesworth, nicknamed "Biggles", is a fictional pilot and adventurer, the title character and hero of the Biggles series of adventure books
Biggles
French philosopher and writer (1713–1784)
1821. Another copy of the text was published in 1823, but it had been expurgated by Diderot's daughter prior to publication. The original manuscript was
Denis_Diderot
usum Delphini for the use of the Dauphin Said of a work that has been expurgated of offensive or improper parts. Originates from editions of Greek and
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
System of tribunals enforcing Catholic doctrine
Castillo's Cancionero General, appeared on the Index. La Celestina faced expurgation in 1632 and a full ban in 1790. Non-Spanish authors like Ovid, Dante
Spanish_Inquisition
14th-century collection of stories by Giovanni Boccaccio
acknowledgement of the original translator. The 1804 reissue makes further expurgations. The 1822 reissue adds half-hearted renditions of III.x and IX.x, retaining
The_Decameron
1986 book excerpted from diaries of Anaïs Nin
narratives about the same time period, both widely read and praised. The expurgated diary reveals Nin the philosopher and amateur but astute psychologist
Henry_and_June
Season of television series
The fourteenth season of the American animated television series South Park began airing in the United States on Comedy Central between March 17, 2010
South_Park_season_14
Head of the Catholic Church from 1265 to 1268
Jews of the Crown of Aragon submit their books to Dominican censors for expurgation. In February 1265 Clement summoned Thomas Aquinas to Rome to serve as
Pope_Clement_IV
Speech that expresses hatred towards individuals or groups
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Hate_speech
1995 genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina
in meetings with prosecutors and judges that it wanted the documents expurgated to keep them from harming Serbia's case at the International Court of
Bosnian_genocide
2025 film by Bharat S. Shrinate and Jayant Sinha
Udaipur Files: Kanhaiya Lal Tailor Murder is a 2025 Indian Hindi language propaganda film based on true story co-directed by Bharat S. Shrinate and Jayant
Udaipur_Files
1886 novel by Émile Zola
L'Œuvre (The Masterpiece) is the fourteenth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola. It was first serialized in the periodical Gil Blas beginning
L'Œuvre
Process of telling a story again, often tweaking or recontextualising it
used in education studies. Greek mythology retelling Parallel novel Expurgation Remix Lubawa, Katarzyna (2021-12-13). "Rekonstrukcja historii Tristana
Retelling
Book by Anaïs Nin
their appearance starting in 1966 are now sometimes referred to as the "expurgated" editions. This is because in 1986, Rupert Pole, Nin's widower and literary
The_Diary_of_Anaïs_Nin
Discouragement of exercising rights by threats of legal sanctions
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Chilling_effect
1975 Indian film by Ramesh Sippy
Sholay (Hindustani: [ˈɕoːleː] , transl. 'Embers') is a 1975 Indian Hindi-language action-adventure film directed by Ramesh Sippy, produced by his father
Sholay
1979 single by Elvis Costello
"Oliver's Army" is a song written by English musician Elvis Costello and performed by Costello and the Attractions, from the former's third studio album
Oliver's_Army
2019 Hindi-language comedy film
Rangeela Raja (transl. The colourful king) is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Sikander Bharti and written and produced by Pahlaj Nihalani
Rangeela_Raja
1955 book written by T. E. Lawrence
brother took the further precaution of substituting "new names" in the expurgated edition for characters in A/c Ross's squad "in all passages which might
The_Mint_(book)
1928 novel by D. H. Lawrence
Lady Chatterley's Lover is the final novel by the English author D. H. Lawrence, first published privately in 1928, in Florence, Italy, and in 1929, in
Lady_Chatterley's_Lover
French-born American author (1903–1977)
death in 2006. Large portions of the diaries are still available only in expurgated form. The originals are in the UCLA Library. The feminist movement in
Anaïs_Nin
Italian sociologist (born 1975)
thinking, the book creates a "Bruno Rizzi palatable to contemporary taste, expurgating everything of which neoliberals are not fond" and ultimately harms understanding
Alessandro Orsini (sociologist)
Alessandro_Orsini_(sociologist)
Incorrect or misleading information
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Misinformation
2006 book by journalist Ben Hills
Princess Masako: Prisoner of the Chrysanthemum Throne is a controversial 2006 book by Australian investigative journalist Ben Hills. Billed as "The Tragic
Princess Masako: Prisoner of the Chrysanthemum Throne
Princess_Masako:_Prisoner_of_the_Chrysanthemum_Throne
French politician and writer (born 1958)
rather by argument. The album was released on 12 October 2009, with an expurgated version of the controversial track in which Zemmour's name is scrambled
Éric_Zemmour
1897 novella by Joseph Conrad
The Nigger of the "Narcissus": A Tale of the Forecastle (sometimes subtitled A Tale of the Sea) is an 1897 novella by Polish-British novelist Joseph Conrad
The_Nigger_of_the_"Narcissus"
Second wife of novelist Henry Miller (1902–1979)
portrayed by Uma Thurman. June was not pleased with the publication of Nin's expurgated diaries, which omitted Nin's affair with Miller and thus omitted the role
June_Miller
Cycle of twenty novels by Émile Zola
Les Rougon-Macquart (French pronunciation: [le ʁuɡɔ̃ makaʁ]) is a literary cycle of twenty novels by French writer Émile Zola. Subtitled Histoire naturelle
Les_Rougon-Macquart
Novel written by the Portuguese writer José Maria de Eça de Queiroz
O Primo Basílio ("Cousin Bazilio") is one of the realist novels of the Portuguese author José Maria de Eça de Queiroz, also known under the modernized
Cousin_Bazilio
Mexican folk song and dance
"La Bamba" (pronounced [la ˈβamba]) is a Mexican folk song, originally from the state of Veracruz. The song is best known from a 1958 adaptation by Ritchie
La_Bamba_(song)
English author and expurgator (1750–1830)
called Mrs. Harriet Bowdler, was an English religious author and literary expurgator, notably of the works of William Shakespeare. Bowdler was born in Conington
Henrietta_Maria_Bowdler
American television sitcom (1990–1996)
Dream On is an American sitcom television series created by Marta Kauffman and David Crane. It follows the family life, romantic life, and career of Martin
Dream_On_(TV_series)
dates of publication.) De Profundis (written 1895–97, in Reading Gaol). Expurgated edition published 1905; suppressed portions 1913, expanded version in
Oscar_Wilde_bibliography
1610 Chinese naturalistic novel
the novel refused to claim credit for its English version. It was an "expurgated", though complete, translation of the 1695 edition, with the more explicit
Jin_Ping_Mei
Someone imprisoned for their political activity
memoriae Debanking Financial censorship Deplatforming Euphemism Minced oath Expurgation Fig leaf Fogging Gag order Gatekeeping Hallin's spheres Heckling Heckler's
Political_prisoner
2013 video game
fellatio on a "spirit" while being covered in a mystery fluid, while the top image shows the expurgated western version with the lewd elements removed.
Dungeon_Travelers_2
2013 Indian film directed by Kamal Haasan
Vishwaroopam (titled Vishwaroop in Hindi; transl. The Universal Form) is a 2013 Indian spy action thriller film co-written, directed and produced by Kamal
Vishwaroopam
2024 Indian film by Arun Matheswaran
Captain Miller is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language historical action adventure film directed and co-written by Arun Matheswaran and produced by Sathya Jyothi
Captain_Miller_(film)
1675 play by William Wycherley
The Country Wife is a Restoration comedy written by William Wycherley and first performed in 1675. A product of the tolerant early Restoration period,
The_Country_Wife
1893 novel by Émile Zola
Le Docteur Pascal (Doctor Pascal) is the twentieth and final novel of the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola, first published in June 1893 by Charpentier
Le_Docteur_Pascal
2010 Indian film by Prakash Jha
Raajneeti (transl. Politics) is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language political thriller film co-written, directed and produced by Prakash Jha, with a screenplay
Raajneeti
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance