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Words in two languages that sound similar but have very different meanings
In linguistics, a false friend is a word in a different language that looks or sounds similar to a word in a given language, but differs significantly
False_friend
1917 American silent drama film
The False Friend is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Harry Davenport and starring Robert Warwick, Gail Kane and Jack Drumier. Robert Warwick
The_False_Friend
1699 she-tragedy written by Mary Pix
The False Friend; or, the Fate of Disobedience is a she-tragedy written by Mary Pix, and first performed at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1699. The play is a
The False Friend; or, the Fate of Disobedience
The_False_Friend;_or,_the_Fate_of_Disobedience
Popular, but false belief about word origins
Chinese word for "crisis" Eggcorn Etymological fallacy Etymology False cognate False friend Just-so story Linguistic interference List of proposed etymologies
False_etymology
British writer (born 1968)
Twice – (2010) 3. More Harm Than Good – (2012) 1. False Positive – (2015) 2. False Friend – (2017) 3. False Witness – (2018) 1. Invisible – (2019) 2. Too
Andrew_Grant_(writer)
Pair of spectacles with a handle
French lorgnette, from lorgner (to take a sidelong look at), but it is a false friend: the equivalent French name for this (obsolete) optical instrument is
Lorgnette
American novelist
which is set during the 1918 influenza epidemic. Her third novel, The False Friend, was published in 2010. It describes a woman whose memory is jogged,
Myla_Goldberg
Form of Dutch slang
Romani beng, drifted into "tough guy" from its meaning of the Devil. A false friend may be responsible for the rare meaning of "spouse". However, the word
Bargoens
Semi-formal Western dress code
in many non-English languages, a dinner jacket is still known as the false friend "smoking". In American English, its synonym "tuxedo" was derived from
Black_tie
Different meanings for numbers
billion is one million million (1012), making the word 'billion' a false friend between long- and short-scale languages. The long scale system includes
Long_and_short_scales
Ancient emerald mining area in Egypt
Persian origin. While smáragdos is thus cognate with emerald, it can be a false friend, as the Greek word can mean any green gem, such as green jasper. The
Mons_Smaragdus
British actor (born 1964)
Almeida and later in the West End and Internationally. He played the false friend and Party apparatchik, O'Brien,[citation needed] for which he won Best
Tim_Dutton
Women's tuxedo suit
pseudo-anglicism smoking refers to tuxedo/black tie clothing. It is a false friend deriving from the Victorian fashion of the smoking jacket. Alexander
Le_Smoking
Words that look or sound alike, but are not related
feature Convergent evolution Equivalence Etymological fallacy False etymology False friend Linguistic interference (language transfer) Pseudoscientific
False_cognate
Play by John Vanbrugh
The False Friend is a 1702 comedy play by the English writer John Vanbrugh. It was inspired by Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla's Spanish play La traición busca
The False Friend (Vanbrugh play)
The_False_Friend_(Vanbrugh_play)
Index of articles associated with the same name
number of post-Soviet states. In Russian language, the word artist is a "false friend": in Russian it corresponds both to художник ("artist") and артист ("actor")
Merited_Artist
Village in South Holland, Netherlands
before the word kaap – "cape". The English translation using Hook is a false friend of the Dutch Hoek, but has become commonplace in the Netherlands (in
Hook_of_Holland
Non-English word that appears to be English
different from a false friend, which is a word with a cognate that has a different main meaning; in some cases, pseudo-anglicisms become false friends. Pseudo-anglicisms
Pseudo-anglicism
Topics referred to by the same term
Central and Eastern Europe when using English. This usage stems from a false friend of the word "polygon" in languages such as Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian
Polygon_(disambiguation)
Room or cell for keeping prisoners
French, the term donjon still refers to a keep. Donjon is therefore a false friend to dungeon (although the game Dungeons & Dragons is titled Donjons et
Dungeon
Words inherited by different languages
portal Linguistics portal Homology (biology) Indo-European vocabulary False friend False etymology Folk etymology Word family Crystal, David, ed. (2011). "cognate"
Cognate
Men's casual loungewear
smoking jacket is named due to its association with tobacco smoking. As a false friend, the name carried on to its derivation the dinner jacket in several non-English
Smoking_jacket
American child actress (1907–1990)
miniature actresses ever engaged on motion picture work". A review of The False Friend (1913) said she handled her part with "unusual skill". Kings of the Forest
Baby_Lillian_Wade
Spanish dramatist
of John Vanbrugh's False Friend and Lesage's Traître puni. La traición busca el castigo – Vanbrugh, John (1702). The False Friend. London: Jacob Tonson
Francisco_de_Rojas_Zorrilla
1921 film by Max Linder
By chance, when he is brought before the judge, he sees Betty and his false friend there to get married. He and Betty reconcile. Max Linder as Max Linder
Seven_Years_Bad_Luck
Informal fallacy involving falsely limited alternatives
A false dilemma, also referred to as false dichotomy or false binary, is an informal fallacy based on a premise that erroneously limits what options are
False_dilemma
Marble statue by Giambologna
Perseus and Andromeda, Pierre Puget, 1684. Louvre, Paris This name is a "false friend" mistranslation of Latin: raptio, meaning kidnapping or abduction of
Abduction_of_a_Sabine_Woman
Belgian actor (1855–1923)
in 1880. An early newspaper account records him as starring in a play False Friend for A. M. Palmer. He was long a leading man on the stage to Clara Morris
Frederic_De_Belleville
American preacher (1752–1819)
these stories, and people who knew the Friend, including some who were never followers, said the rumors were false. Another story began at a 1787 meeting
Public_Universal_Friend
Set of words
this is frequently the case, it is not always true. When faced with a false friend, memorization and repetition are the keys to mastery. If a second language
Vocabulary
Topics referred to by the same term
Phanuwat Jinta (born 1987), Thai footballer The name Jinta means "a false friend" This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Jinta
Jinta
Court trial in England
stated, "I found it made an intolerable situation tolerable. It’s a false friend. I found the answer was in changing the situation and trying to create
R_v_Grillo
Intricate jewellery piece
proudly. In French it is sometimes called a souvenir, but this is a false friend, souvenir being the infinitive for the verb "to remember". Bijouterie
Bijou_(jewellery)
Secondary school in Munich, Germany
photographer Note that "Gymnasium" is German for high school, see Gymnasium and False friend. "K. Peter C. Vollhardt", Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol
Luitpold_Gymnasium
cultural effects are contresense, which occurs when a writer uses a false friend in a context whose meaning is the opposite of the original meaning. In
List of Chinese–Japanese false friends
List_of_Chinese–Japanese_false_friends
1980 American medical malpractice case
to refer to poisoning in general as opposed to its English-language false friend "intoxicated", which implies the influence of psychoactive drugs. Researcher
Willy_Ramirez_case
Sexual pleasure derived from looking at object or person
eagerness." In Don Quixote (1605) by Miguel de Cervantes Cardenio takes his false friend Fernando to Luscinda's window so they could observe her surreptitiously:
Scopophilia
Japanese manga series
My Girlfriend's Friend (Japanese: 彼女の友達, Hepburn: Kanojo no Tomodachi) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Jura. It began serialization
My_Girlfriend's_Friend
some authors view it as a calque of pen name. Calque False etymology False cognate False friend Folk etymology Glossary of French expressions in English
List of pseudo-French words in English
List_of_pseudo-French_words_in_English
Small intermittent river or stream
placename: Camborne, arises from the Cornish language and is in fact a false friend: it refers to a hill (Cornish: bronn, from Common Brythonic *brunda;
Bourne_(stream)
Language (NTLR, Baptist, 2006, copyright by Biblica) does not have this false friend. Biblia adecă dumnezeiasca scriptura a vechiului şi noului testament
Bible translations into Romanian
Bible_translations_into_Romanian
1822 novel by Walter Scott
him. Nigel receives an anonymous note warning him that Dalgarno is a false friend. Ch. 4 (15): In Saint James's Park, Malagrowther sarcastically mocks
The_Fortunes_of_Nigel
Process of reinterpretive word formation
word for "crisis" Eggcorn Etymological fallacy Expressive loan False etymology False friend Folk linguistics Hobson-Jobson Hypercorrection Hyperforeignism
Folk_etymology
Distinct words with identical written forms
Multi-meaning encoding in words, comprising vagueness, polysemy, and homonymy False friend – Words in two languages that sound similar but have very different meanings
Homograph
Japanese manga series
Fall in Love, You False Angels (Japanese: 恋せよまやかし天使ども, Hepburn: Koiseyo Mayakashi Tenshi-domo) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Coco
Fall in Love, You False Angels
Fall_in_Love,_You_False_Angels
Translation mistakes amusing to native speakers
switching from one language to the other, they may occasionally use a false friend by accident, instead of an appropriate translation of the term they are
Humour_in_translation
Russian dramatist
Meaning, Seeking Justice in a Post-Cold War World. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-36167-6. Yuri Krotkov at IMDb False Friend - TIME Testimony of George Karlin
Yuri_Krotkov
1992 film by Carl Franklin
One False Move is a 1992 American Southern noir crime thriller film directed by Carl Franklin, written by Billy Bob Thornton and Tom Epperson, and starring
One_False_Move
English writer and philosopher (1759–1797)
Mothers, Daughters, and Incest in Mary Robinson's 'Vancenza' and 'The False Friend'". Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature. 37 (1). University of Tulsa:
Mary_Wollstonecraft
are Eurymachus, King of Samos and Antinous, an Ithacan nobleman and false friend of Penelope and Ulysses' son, Telemachus. Telemachus, meanwhile, is in
Ulysses_(play)
machine translation - Exegesis - Expletive - Expletive attributive False cognate - False friend - Figleaf- Formal language - Fricative consonant - Function word
Index_of_linguistics_articles
Woman's undergarment worn beneath a dress or skirt
and Italian the word “slip“ is commonly used for panties. (This is a false friend, as is the use of "le smoking" to describe a tuxedo jacket.) "Slip" is
Slip_(clothing)
Mixed Portuguese–Spanish language, especially in South America
direito no coração" (a dagger stabbed right into the heart) rojo/roxo is a false friend, meaning red in Spanish and purple in Portuguese. Because of that, it
Portuñol
American actor (1866–1949)
Alone (1917) Tillie Wakes Up (1917) The Millionaire's Double (1917) The False Friend (1917) A Son of the Hills (1917) A Man's Law (1917) Obituary Variety
Harry_Davenport_(actor)
American actor
where he died in 1962 at the age of 72. The Haunted Manor (1916) The False Friend (1917) The Unbeliever (1918) My Four Years in Germany (1918) To Hell
Earl_Schenck
Lucius is a lord in Timon of Athens, who flatters Titus but proves a false friend. Lucius is the son of Titus in Titus Andronicus. He ends the play as
List of Shakespearean characters (L–Z)
List_of_Shakespearean_characters_(L–Z)
1996 Czech film by Jan Svěrák
difficulties, as they don't speak each other's languages and the many false friend words that exist in Czech and Russian add to the confusion. Gradually
Kolya_(film)
Apocryphal text wrongly ascribed to Martin Luther King Jr.
"Letter to an Anti-Zionist Friend" is an open letter falsely attributed to civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. that expressed support for Zionism
Letter to an Anti-Zionist Friend
Letter_to_an_Anti-Zionist_Friend
American author and editor (born 1988)
Williams subsequently filed a lawsuit against Netflix for defamation and false light invasion of privacy. The case was settled out of court in 2026. Williams
Rachel_DeLoache_Williams
Errors common in Dutch English
the term's sexual connotation. Errors often occur because of the false friend or false cognate possibility: words are incorrectly translated for understandable
Dunglish
Square in Tournai, Belgium
Farnese, Duke of Parma, in 1581. In this case, the French word place is a "false friend", and the correct counterparts in English are "plaza" or "town square"
Grand-Place,_Tournai
Verse of the New Testament
comes from translating Greek μαργαρίτας (margarítas) as its Spanish false friend margaritas ("daisies"). Augustine: Because the simplicity to which He
Matthew_7:6
British actress
Higgons (1701) Delia in The Bath by Thomas D'Urfey (1701) Isabella in The False Friend by John Vanbrugh (1702) Daria in All for the Better by Francis Manning
Mary_Kent
1864–1865 novel by Charles Dickens
Our Mutual Friend, published in 1864–1865, is the fourteenth and final novel completed by English author Charles Dickens and is one of his most sophisticated
Our_Mutual_Friend
Mixture of Danish and English languages
"price" (both called "pris" in Danish) False friend mistakes such as: (see also The dictionary definition of Appendix:False friends between Danish and English
Danglish
English actress
D'Urfey (1697) Nibs in The Pretenders by Thomas Dilke (1698) Zelide in The False Friend by Mary Pix (1699) Lady Weepwell in The Ladies Visiting Day by William
Abigail_Lawson
English organist and composer (1777–1813)
Royal Circus he prepared music for the pieces Harlequin and Time and False Friend (1806). William Russell: Complete Organ Voluntaries, John Kitchen (organ)
William_Russell_(organist)
execution is imminent (The Pope is stern). Beatrice mourns her fate (False friend, willst thou smile or weep). At the foot of the scaffold Bernardo tells
Beatrice_Cenci_(opera)
American novelist and poet
and Fine Linen (1873) Ellen Story (1876) Fantasy and Passion (1878) A False Friend (1880) Our First Families (1880) A Hopeless Case (1880) Sixes and Sevens
Edgar_Fawcett
Argument that classification is not really possible without some sort of bias
not to stereotype (perhaps because you believe that similarity is a false friend), then you will probably be eaten. In other words, in the biological
Ugly_duckling_theorem
English actress (c. 1677 – 1707)
(1698) Urania in Rinaldo and Armida by John Dennis (1698) Appamia in The False Friend by Mary Pix (1699) Mrs Clerimont in The Beau Defeated by Mary Pix (1700)
Elizabeth_Bowman
term as president of the United States, Donald Trump has made numerous false or misleading claims. Major events during Trump's second presidency that
False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)
False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_(second_term)
1930 film
Jack Lamar, John's son & Helen's fiance Francis Ford as Martin Morgan, false friend of John Lamar Louise Lorraine as Helen Morgan, Martin's daughter & Jack
The_Jade_Box
British-American actress (born 1985)
feature-length debut in Tiny Furniture (2010), as a favour for her childhood friend Lena Dunham. Born in London on 26 April 1985, Jemima Kirke moved to New
Jemima_Kirke
Pulitzer Prize-winning article about a series of rapes
believe her, she says that her report was false. She is subsequently charged with a gross misdemeanor for false reporting. The second narrative details
An_Unbelievable_Story_of_Rape
17th century French memoirist
a letter of apology and explanation to the king Bussy claimed that a false friend who had asked to borrow it briefly (Madame de la Baume) had copied it
Roger de Rabutin, comte de Bussy
Roger_de_Rabutin,_comte_de_Bussy
1924 film by Jaque Catelain
made unhappy by continual attempts to break them apart: by Sveti, a false friend in love with Ralda, by Flossie, an American dancer who constantly flirts
La_Galerie_des_monstres
1915 American film
An Eye The Silent Witness The Prodigal's Progress For The Sake of A False Friend Shadows at Sunrise The Fox and The Pig A Mind In The Past A Runaway Match
The_Diamond_from_the_Sky
Biblical psalm
author may have been an Israelite living in a foreign city, and the false friend could be another Israelite living there. This interpretation may be considered
Psalm_55
Form of modern folklore
The narrator of an urban legend may claim it happened to a friend (or to a friend of a friend), which serves to personalize, authenticate and enhance the
Urban_legend
1796 novel by Mary Robinson
Name More Dear": Daughters, Fathers, and Desire in A Simple Story, The False Friend, and Mathilda in Re-Visioning Romanticism: British Women Writers 1776-1837
Hubert_de_Sevrac
Clompus; Director: Peter Fearon; Producer: Lee Thomas (11 January 2018). "False Friend". Doctors. BBC. BBC One. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021
List of Doctors characters introduced in 2018
List_of_Doctors_characters_introduced_in_2018
British writer (1666–1709)
Deceiver Deceived (1697) Queen Catharine; or, The Ruines of Love (1698) The False Friend; or, the Fate of Disobedience (1699) The Beau Defeated; or, the Lucky
Mary_Pix
the joint venture with Somoza in Nicaragua. The Spanish word joya is a false friend with the English word "joy." The actual meaning of the word is "jewel"
Joya_de_Nicaragua
2006 criminal case in Durham, North Carolina, United States
in which three members of the Duke University men's lacrosse team were falsely accused of rape. The three students were David Evans, Collin Finnerty,
Duke_lacrosse_rape_hoax
Mother - A Dialogue The Seven Sailors Friendship The Poisoned Flower To a False Friend A Husband to His Wife, Before Leaving For America Fifty Years of Married
Joan_Kelly_(poet)
British stage actor
(1699) Spinola in The Princess of Parma by Henry Smith (1699) Lorenzo in False Friend by Mary Pix (1699) Belvoir in The Beau Defeated by Mary Pix (1700) Hamlet
John_Thurmond
English actor and dramatist
(1696) Gentil in The Innocent Mistress by Mary Pix (1697) Roderigo in The False Friend by Mary Pix (1699) Fedor in The Czar of Muscovy by Mary Pix (1701) Highfill
Joseph_Harris_(stage_actor)
1995 American TV series or program
socialite Justin Lazard as Gil Chase, Peter's friend, stockbroker Michael Michele as Nikki Sheridan, Carrie's friend, art gallery owner, Allen's mistress Tom
Central_Park_West_(TV_series)
Pseudonym used by the poet and writer Philip Larkin
of Sugar and Spice consists of six poems, which in sequence are: "The False Friend" "Bliss" "Femmes Damnées" "Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis" "Holidays"
Brunette_Coleman
American actor (1887–1913)
'Scutcheon (1912) .... A Nobleman The Voice of the Child (1911) .... The False Friend Saved from Himself (1911) .... The Young Clerk The Failure (1911) ..
Joseph_Graybill
American actor (1885–1920)
York and spent the majority of his career with them. Foul Play; or, A False Friend (1907) short The Wrong Flat; or, A Comedy of Errors (1907) short Launcelot
Leo_Delaney
Former president and COO of Theranos
being used by the U.S. Department of Defense in combat situations. Another false claim included claiming a $100 million revenue stream in 2014 that was actually
Sunny_Balwani
French term for a parish church and churchyard
centuries. The term enclos paroissial seems self-explanatory, but can seem a false friend to the English, especially British English, reader. Cathedral closes
Parish_close
Admission of guilt for a crime one did not commit
A false confession is an admission of guilt for a crime which the individual did not commit. Although such confessions seem counterintuitive, they can
False_confession
Brentford Myanmar Bees
American Way (1919) The Fair Pretender (1918) The Dormant Power (1917) The False Friend (1917) The Social Leper (1917) The Furnace Man (1915) In the Latin Quarter
Florence_Bolles
American actor
Woman Beneath (1917) Moral Courage (1917) The Tenth Case (1917) The False Friend (1917) The Little Duchess (1917) Maternity (1917) The Burglar (1917)
William_A._Brady
Literary technique
In fiction, a false protagonist is a literary technique, often used to make the plot more jarring or more memorable by fooling the audience's preconceptions
False_protagonist
Distinguishing friendly forces using coded radio frequency transponders
Identification, friend or foe (IFF) is a combat identification system designed for command and control. It uses a transponder that listens for an interrogation
Identification_friend_or_foe
Italian dancer and actor
pantomimes and plays at the Royal Circus, including The Cloud King, The False Friend, The Mysterious Freebooter, The Sorceress of Strozzi, Black Beard, Moms
Jack_Bologna
travel, tourism, insurance
FALSE FRIEND
FALSE FRIEND
Boy/Male
Polynesian
House.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Friend.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a companionable person, from Middle English frend ‘friend’ (Old English frēond). In the Middle Ages the term was also used to denote a relative or kinsman, and the surname may also have been acquired by someone who belonged to the family of someone who was a more important figure in the community.American translation of Jewish and German Freund.
Female
Hebrew
(עַש×ְתְּרï‹×ª) Hebrew name, ASHTAROWTH means "star." In the bible, this is the name applied to false goddesses in the Canaanite religion, usually related to a fertility cult. It is also the name of a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh.
Male
Greek
(ΒαÏιησοÏ) Greek form of Aramaic Bar-Yesu, BARIESOU means "son of Jesus." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of a false prophet.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Idols; masters; false gods.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ashtarowth, ASHTAROTH means "star." In the bible, this is the name applied to false goddesses in the Canaanite religion, usually related to a fertility cult. It is also the name of a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Durmada | தà¯à®°à¯à®®à®¤à®¾
The false pride
Durmada | தà¯à®°à¯à®®à®¤à®¾
Biblical
idols; masters; false gods
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English hals ‘neck’ (Old English h(e)als). This was a nickname for a man with a long neck or for a conspicuous sufferer from goiter (a common affliction in medieval times).English (Devon) : topographic name denoting someone living on a neck of land (from Middle English atte halse ‘at the neck’), or a habitational name from either of two places in Devon and Somerset named Halse, from this word. To a lesser extent Halse in Northamptonshire, named from Old English hals + hÅh ‘ridge’, may also have contributed to the surname.Norwegian : habitational name from any of three farmsteads in the county of Møre og Romsdal. The farmsteads are so named from the Old Norse dative singular of hals ‘neck’, referring to a neck of land, or a ridge between two valleys.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
The False Pride
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Ashtaroth, ASTAROTH means "star." In the bible, this is the name applied to false goddesses in the Canaanite religion, usually related to a fertility cult. It is also the name of a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish (of Norman origin)
English and Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name, a variant of Vaux.English and Scottish (of Norman origin) : There are a number of early English examples of the name with articles rather than prepositions, which Reaney explains as being from a southern form of Middle English faus ‘false’, ‘untrustworthy’ (late Old English fals, from Latin falsus, reinforced by Old French fals, faus from the same source).
Boy/Male
Hindu
The false pride
Male
English
Anglicized form of Greek Bariesou, BAR-JESUS means "son of Jesus." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of a false prophet.
Boy/Male
Danish, German
Relating to Falconry; Falconer
Boy/Male
English
Friend.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Batchelor, altered by false association with elder.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Sanskrit, Telugu
False Pride; Illusion
Boy/Male
German
Surname relating to falconry.
FALSE FRIEND
FALSE FRIEND
FALSE FRIEND
FALSE FRIEND
FALSE FRIEND
FALSE FRIEND
FALSE FRIEND
travel, tourism, insurance