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Programming language feature
is said to have first-class functions if it treats functions as first-class citizens. This means the language supports passing functions as arguments to
First-class_function
Concept in programming language design
passed as an argument, returned from a function, and assigned to a variable. The concept of first- and second-class objects was introduced by Christopher
First-class_citizen
Topics referred to by the same term
programming First class (computing), a concept in data modeling First-class function First-class object, a concept in programming FirstClass, e-mail and
First_class
Function definition that is not bound to an identifier
languages with first-class functions, where they fulfil the same role for the function type as literals do for other data types. Anonymous functions originate
Anonymous_function
Function that takes one or more functions as an input or that outputs a function
procedure), returns a function as its result. All other functions are first-order functions. In mathematics higher-order functions are also termed operators
Higher-order_function
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
Programming construct
support first-class function objects and may even make significant use of them. Functional programming languages additionally support closures, i.e. first-class
Function_object
Software design pattern
be achieved by mechanisms such as the native function pointer, the first-class function, classes or class instances in object-oriented programming languages
Strategy_pattern
Family of solutions to related differential equations
Bessel functions are a class of special functions that commonly appear in problems involving wave motion, heat conduction, and other physical phenomena
Bessel_function
Currying Exponential object, category-theoretic equivalent First-class function Function space, set-theoretic equivalent Pierce, Benjamin C. (2002).
Function_type
System with weakly-associated components
object). See First-class function for further insight into functions as objects, which qualifies as one form of first-class function. For example, in an
Loose_coupling
Mathematical-logic system based on functions
function pointers. However, function pointers are an insufficient condition for functions to be first class datatypes, because a function is a first class
Lambda_calculus
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
running state of the program. In functional programming, functions are treated as first-class entities, meaning that they can be bound to names (including
Functional_programming
Degree of differentiability of a function or map
the number of times a function can be differentiated without producing discontinuities. The smoothness, or differentiability class, is an integer k {\displaystyle
Smoothness
Object-oriented programming language feature
due to their complexity. Delegate (object-oriented programming) First-class function Shroff & Smith Shroff & Smith Shroff & Smith Susumu Nishimura (1998)
First-class_message
Composite data type
such as System F-sub. Since type-theoretical records may contain first-class function-typed fields in addition to data, they can express many features
Record_(computer_science)
Type of data structure
collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is
C++_classes
High-level programming language
It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and
JavaScript
In statistical learning theory, a learnable function class is a set of functions for which an algorithm can be devised to asymptotically minimize the expected
Learnable_function_class
Association of one output to each input
mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. The set X is called the domain of the function and the
Function_(mathematics)
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
incorporates built-in data types and structures, control flow mechanisms, first-class functions, and modules for better code reusability and organization. Python
Python_syntax_and_semantics
Lightweight programming language
programmers to implement namespaces, classes and other related features using its single table implementation; first-class functions allow the employment of many
Lua
Programming paradigm entirely based on functions
of functional programming, such as first-class functions and higher-order functions. However, a first-class function need not be purely functional, as
Purely_functional_programming
Programming language
"Codewalk: First-Class Functions in Go". Go supports first class functions, higher-order functions, user-defined function types, function literals, closures
Go_(programming_language)
Programming mechanism
later. Such a function can always be defined but languages with first-class functions make it easier. The ability to easily compose functions encourages
Function composition (computer science)
Function_composition_(computer_science)
Programming language implementation problem
funarg problem (function argument problem) refers to the difficulty in implementing first-class functions (functions as first-class objects) in programming
Funarg_problem
Behavioral design pattern
of first-class functions and higher-order functions in functional programming languages. Specifically, the invoker object is a higher-order function of
Command_pattern
Negative of a convex function
a concave function is any function for which the hypograph is convex. The class of concave functions is in a sense the opposite of the class of convex
Concave_function
Programming language concept
For example, an Action<T> represents a first-class function expecting an argument of type T, and a function that can handle any type of animal can always
Type_variance
In functional programming
function application says "if you fix the first arguments of the function, you get a function of the remaining arguments". For example, if function div(x
Partial_application
Function that is continuous everywhere but differentiable nowhere
smoothness. These types of functions were disliked by contemporaries. For instance, Charles Hermite, on finding that one class of function he was working on had
Weierstrass_function
Collection of sets in mathematics that can be defined based on a property of its members
be thought of as "classes". In ZF, the concept of a function can also be generalised to classes. A class function is not a function in the usual sense
Class_(set_theory)
concepts of first-class function and anonymous function, but is distinct from them. These two concepts have more to do with how functions are defined
Procedural_parameter
Widely exported German frigate design
Nautos. The four Hydra-class frigates of the Hellenic Navy of Greece are 3,200-ton frigates of the MEKO 200HN design. The first of the four, Hydra was
MEKO_200
Programming language
facilities. Iterators are supported and can be used as first class entities, as can functions, allowing for the use of functional programming methods
Nim_(programming_language)
languages with first-class functions, where they fulfil the same role for the function type as literals do for other data types. Anonymous functions originate
Examples of anonymous functions
Examples_of_anonymous_functions
Representation of the control state of a computer program
produced the call to the current function, or to a function that has previously exited. One can think of a first-class continuation as saving the execution
Continuation
Extension of the factorial function
extension of the factorial function to complex numbers. First studied by Daniel Bernoulli, the gamma function Γ ( z ) {\displaystyle \Gamma (z)} is defined for
Gamma_function
Class of mathematical functions
elliptic functions are elliptic functions that take a particularly simple form. They are named for Karl Weierstrass. This class of functions is also referred
Weierstrass_elliptic_function
Mathematical function such that every output has at least one input
surjective function (also known as surjection, or onto function /ˈɒn.tuː/) is a function f such that, for every element y of the function's codomain, there
Surjective_function
Programming style in which control is passed explicitly
a functional language that does not feature first-class continuations but does have first-class functions and tail-call optimization. Without tail-call
Continuation-passing_style
Mechanism for supporting dynamic dispatch
method binding). Whenever a class defines a virtual function (or method), most compilers add a hidden member variable to the class that points to an array
Virtual_method_table
Mathematical function whose derivative exists
differentiable functions are sometimes said to be of class C 1 {\displaystyle C^{1}} . A function is of class C 2 {\displaystyle C^{2}} if the first and second
Differentiable_function
Finalizer First-class function Fragile base class Function composition Generic programming God object Heap-based memory allocation Helper class Hybrid language
Index of object-oriented programming articles
Index_of_object-oriented_programming_articles
Defines the inputs and outputs for a function, subroutine or method
for first-class functions; this function requires two inputs where one argument is supplied and the function is "curried" to produce a function for the
Type_signature
System for transporting documents and other small packages
over second-class (newspapers and magazines), third class (bulk advertisements), and fourth-class mail (books and media packages). First-Class Mail prices
Projected Turkish anti-air warfare destroyer
named TCG Kocatepe. The class will provide survivability in the presence of aerial threat and also support mission functions such as command, control
Tepe-class_destroyer
Theorem in mathematics
determinant". If the function of the theorem belongs to a higher differentiability class, the same is true for the inverse function. There are also versions
Inverse_function_theorem
Mathematical function having a characteristic S-shaped curve or sigmoid curve
sigmoid function is any mathematical function whose graph has a characteristic S-shaped or sigmoid curve. A common example of a sigmoid function is the
Sigmoid_function
Computer programming function
the function indicating no value. In languages which support first-class functions and currying, map may be partially applied to lift a function that
Map_(higher-order_function)
Analytic function in mathematics
The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the lowercase Greek letter ζ (zeta), is a mathematical function of a complex variable
Riemann_zeta_function
Mathematical function that can be computed by a program
general recursive functions. Although these four are of a very different nature, they provide exactly the same class of computable functions, and, for every
Computable_function
Patterns used in computer programming
glob() (/ɡlɒb/) is a POSIX C function for globbing, which is the archetypal use of pattern matching against the names in a filesystem directory such that
Glob_(programming)
S-shaped curve
A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve (sigmoid curve) with the equation f ( x ) = L 1 + e − k ( x − x 0 ) {\displaystyle f(x)={\frac
Logistic_function
Type of Lisp function
user-defined function whose operands are passed unevaluated. However, in later usage the term fexpr may describe any first-class function whose operands
Fexpr
smooth functions v i j {\displaystyle v_{i}^{j}} . This can be done globally, using a partition of unity. Then, we say we have an irreducible first-class constraint
First-class_constraint
Pointer that points to a function
} Functors, or function objects, are similar to function pointers, and can be used in similar ways. A functor is an object of a class type that implements
Function_pointer
Programming language
core distinction of K is that functions are first-class objects, a concept borrowed from Scheme. First-class functions can be used in the same contexts
K_(programming_language)
Target set of a mathematical function
of a function f if f is defined as just a graph. For example, in set theory it is desirable to permit the domain of a function to be a proper class X, in
Codomain
Conjecture on zeros of the zeta function
Unsolved problem in mathematics Do all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function have a real part equal to one half? More unsolved problems in mathematics
Riemann_hypothesis
Structure in computing
feature dynamic dispatch (e.g. Java or C++), first-class functions (e.g. Python or Racket), or function pointers (e.g. C), computing a static call graph
Call_graph
Computer programming paradigm
Functional programming languages support (and heavily use) first-class functions, anonymous functions and closures, although these concepts have also been included
Procedural_programming
than that of Lisp. One of POP-11's features is that it supports first-class functions. CycL is a special-purpose language for Cyc. Glossary of artificial
List of programming languages for artificial intelligence
List_of_programming_languages_for_artificial_intelligence
quasi-analytic class of functions is a generalization of the class of real analytic functions based upon the following fact: If f is an analytic function on an
Quasi-analytic_function
Method of solution to differential equations
of Green's functions as well due to linearity of L. This means that the integral, viewed as a continuous sum, can reconstruct a wide class of sources
Green's_function
Function reference passed to and called by another function
generally support first-class functions, which can be passed as callbacks to other functions, stored as data or returned from functions. Many languages
Callback (computer programming)
Callback_(computer_programming)
Axiomatic definition of a class of L-functions
In mathematics, the Selberg class is an axiomatic definition of a class of L-functions. The members of the class are Dirichlet series which obey four axioms
Selberg_class
Type of logical system
usually a first-order logic together with a specified domain of discourse (over which the quantified variables range), finitely many functions from that
First-order_logic
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
look like functions, some look like constants, but they are actually language constructs. It is forbidden to use any keywords as constants, class names,
PHP_syntax_and_semantics
Set of all things that may be the input of a mathematical function
the unknown function(s) sought. For example, it is sometimes convenient in set theory to permit the domain of a function to be a proper class X, in which
Domain_of_a_function
Guided-missile destroyer class in the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Forces
made in many areas. Most notable are those that allow the Hatakaze-class to function as a group flagship. Normally, this duty resides with a larger type
Hatakaze-class_destroyer
Function that preserves distinctness
In mathematics, an injective function (also known as injection, or one-to-one function) is a function f that maps distinct elements of its domain to distinct
Injective_function
Function whose domain is the positive integers
prime-counting functions. This article provides links to functions of both classes. An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value
Arithmetic_function
Real function with secant line between points above the graph itself
function is called convex if the line segment between any two distinct points on the graph of the function lies above or on the graph of the function
Convex_function
"Codewalk: First-Class Functions in Go". Go supports first class functions, higher-order functions, user-defined function types, function literals, closures
Comparison of programming languages
Comparison_of_programming_languages
supports first class functions and higher order functions, including function types and anonymous functions // A top-level higher-order function using block
Ceylon_(programming_language)
Function defined by multiple sub-functions
mathematics, a piecewise function (also called a piecewise-defined function, a hybrid function, or a function defined by cases) is a function whose domain is partitioned
Piecewise_function
Special function occurring in problems possessing elliptic symmetry
In mathematics, Mathieu functions, sometimes called angular Mathieu functions, are solutions of Mathieu's differential equation d 2 y d x 2 + ( a − 2
Mathieu_function
Indicator function of rational numbers
shows that the Dirichlet function is a Baire class 2 function. It cannot be a Baire class 1 function because a Baire class 1 function can only be discontinuous
Dirichlet_function
Class of South Korean destroyers
Sejong the Great-class destroyers are often compared to the Arleigh Burke and Atago classes because they utilize the AN/SPY-1D multi-function radar, and have
Sejong the Great-class destroyer
Sejong_the_Great-class_destroyer
KERMIT_SUPPORT as a first-class function which can be passed as an argument to another function, making CTM_JS_CALL a higher-order function that calls its
S3_(programming_language)
Probability distribution
real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is f ( x ) = 1 2 π σ 2 exp ( − ( x − μ ) 2 2 σ 2 ) . {\displaystyle f(x)={\frac
Normal_distribution
Sigmoid shape special function
mathematics, the error function (also called the Gauss error function), often denoted by e r f {\displaystyle \mathbf {erf} } , is the function erf ( z ) = 2
Error_function
Mathematical description of quantum state
In quantum mechanics, a wave function (or wavefunction) is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system. The most common
Wave_function
scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment. cloud
Glossary_of_computer_science
Indicator function of positive numbers
of the general class of step functions, all of which can be represented as linear combinations of translations of this one. The function was originally
Heaviside_step_function
Function and primitive data structure in Lisp and other functional programming languages
ridiculously. Since Lisp has first-class functions, all data structures, including cons cells, can be implemented using functions. For example, in Scheme:
Cons
Multi-paradigm system programming language
implements garbage collection, first-class arrays (std::array in C++ are technically not first-class), array slicing, nested functions and lazy evaluation. D
D_(programming_language)
Thesis on the nature of computability
Herbrand, formalized the definition of the class of general recursive functions: the smallest class of functions (with arbitrarily many arguments) that is
Church–Turing_thesis
About mathematical functions
the notion of "function" in a manner somewhat similar to Frege, but without the precision. First Peano defines the sign "K means class, or aggregate of
History of the function concept
History_of_the_function_concept
Function computable with bounded loops
In computability theory, a primitive recursive function is, roughly speaking, a function that can be computed by a computer program whose loops are all
Primitive_recursive_function
Type of function in complex analysis
mathematics, plurisubharmonic functions (sometimes abbreviated as psh, plsh, or plush functions) form an important class of functions used in complex analysis
Plurisubharmonic_function
Higher-order function Y for which Y f = f (Y f)
combinator (or fixpoint combinator) is a higher-order function (i.e., a function that takes a function as argument) that returns some fixed point (a value
Fixed-point_combinator
Approximating an arbitrary function with a well-behaved one
(for example, special functions) can be approximated by a specific class of functions (for example, polynomials or rational functions) that often have desirable
Function_approximation
Quickly growing function
recursive functions f 1 , f 2 , … {\displaystyle f_{1},f_{2},\dots } selected from the Grzegorczyk hierarchy. This makes the Ackermann function the first limit
Ackermann_function
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
problems, then NP = RP and PH ⊆ BPP. NP is a class of decision problems; the analogous class of function problems is FNP. The only known strict inclusions
NP_(complexity)
Standard system of axiomatic set theory
exists a function f {\displaystyle f} from X {\displaystyle X} to the union of the members of X {\displaystyle X} , called a "choice function", such that
Zermelo–Fraenkel_set_theory
List data structure
proportional to its length. Difference lists can be implemented using first-class functions or using unification. Whether a difference list is more efficient
Difference_list
Planned class of German Navy frigates
F126 or Niedersachsen-class frigate (Fregatte 126) was a planned German frigate class intended to replace the F123 Brandenburg-class frigates in the German
Niedersachsen-class_frigate
Function used in signal processing
processing and statistics, a window function (also known as an apodization function or tapering function) is a mathematical function that is zero-valued outside
Window_function
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, German, Greek
People's Victory
Girl/Female
Indian
Glass
Male
German
Short form of German Niclaus, CLAUS means "victor of the people."Â
Female
English
English short form of Latin Cassandra, CASS means "she who entangles men."Â
Boy/Male
Arabic
Peace Maker; Brightness; Class
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval female personal name Cass, a short form of Cassandra. This was the name (of uncertain, possibly non-Greek, origin) of an ill-fated Trojan prophetess of classical legend, condemned to foretell the future but never be believed; her story was well known and widely popular in medieval England.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : metonymic occupational name for a glazier or glass blower, from Old English glæs ‘glass’ (akin to Glad, referring originally to the bright shine of the material), Middle High German glas.Irish and Scottish : Anglicized form of the epithet glas ‘gray’, ‘green’, ‘blue’ or any of various Gaelic surnames derived from it.German : altered form of the personal name Klass, a reduced form of Nikolaus (see Nicholas).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Glass ‘glass’, or a metonymic occupational name for a glazier or glass blower.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : topographic name from Middle Low German plas ‘place’, ‘open square’, ‘street’.South German (also Pläss) : from a short form of the medieval personal name Blasius.English : variant of Place 3.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval personal name Classe, a short form of Nicholas. See also Clayson.Variant of Klaas or Klass, North German forms of Claus.
Surname or Lastname
North German variant of Laas 2.Jewish (Ashkenazic)
North German variant of Laas 2.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : unexplained.English : nickname from Middle English lesse, lasse ‘smaller’ (from Old English lǣssa ‘less’), perhaps also used in the sense ‘younger’.
Boy/Male
English Latin Irish Welsh
Wealthy man.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old French, Middle English cras ‘big’, ‘fat’ (Latin crassus).Possibly an altered spelling of German Krass.
Boy/Male
English
From the Thicket of Trees
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Glass
Girl/Female
Indian
Glass
Girl/Female
Tamil
Glass
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
People's victory.
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, Greek, Swedish
People of Victory; Victory of the People
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Close 1.German : variant of Kloss.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Glass
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, British, English
Powerful Warrior
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bala Gopal | பாலகோபால
Baby Krishna, Infant Krishna
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Wearing Gold
Boy/Male
Hindu
Clump of reeds
Boy/Male
Indian
Name of a companion of the prophet
Boy/Male
German American French Polish
Army man; soldier. Famous Bearer: romantic actor Armand Assante.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Praise
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Desire Light
Boy/Male
African, American, Anglo, British, Christian, English, German, Jamaican
Prosperous Friend; Valued; Wealthy Friend
Female
English
English pet form of French Danielle, DANNI means "God is my judge." Compare with masculine Danni.
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
FIRST CLASS-FUNCTION
v. t.
To case in glass.
n.
A war vessel of the highest grade or the most powerful class.
a.
Of the rank or degree below the best highest; inferior; second-rate; as, a second-class house; a second-class passage.
a.
Obtained directly from the first or original source; hence, without the intervention of an agent.
n.
One of the sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and which is under the supervision of a class leader.
v. t.
To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze.
n.
To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.
v. t.
Variant of Clasp
v. t.
A looking-glass; a mirror.
a.
Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest; as, the first day of a month; the first year of a reign.
a.
Of the best class; of the highest rank; in the first division; of the best quality; first-rate; as, a first-class telescope.
v. t.
To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a clasp).
v. t.
To strike with the fist.
n.
To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to class words or passages.
v. t.
To gripe with the fist.
n.
A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes.
a.
Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest; as, Demosthenes was the first orator of Greece.
v. t.
Anything made of glass.