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Work that employs people against their will
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with
Forced_labour
The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany (German: Zwangsarbeit) and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented
Forced labour under German rule during World War II
Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II
Type of detention facility
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form
Labor_camp
Specialized agency of the United Nations
to collective bargaining, the elimination of forced or compulsory labour, the abolition of child labour, and the elimination of discrimination in respect
International Labour Organization
International_Labour_Organization
Form of intermittent, unpaid, unfree labour
Corvée (French: [kɔʁve] ) is a form of unpaid forced labour that is intermittent in nature, lasting for limited periods of time, typically only a certain
Corvée
Type of forced labour performed by prisoners
penology, penal labour or prison labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour that prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour. The work
Penal_labour
in forced sexual exploitation, and 4 million people in forced labour imposed by state authorities. An additional 15.4 million people are in forced marriages
Slavery_in_the_21st_century
Chinese penal labor system
"中国重庆允许律师代理劳动教养案". Voice of America. Retrieved April 4, 2007. "Uighurs in 'forced labour for Western brands'". BBC News. March 2, 2020. Archived from the original
Laogai
Prostitution that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party
International Labour Office. (2005). A global alliance against forced labour The Cost of Coercion ILO 2009 ILO Minimum Estimate of Forced Labour in the World
Forced_prostitution
International Labour Organization Convention
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957, the full title of which is Convention concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour, 1957 (No. 105), is one of
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention
inner China. Other camp 'graduates' have been sent into securitized forced labour. Those who remain outside the camps have been terrified into religious
Persecution of Uyghurs in China
Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China
the communist People's Republic of Bulgaria operated a network of forced labour camps between 1944 and 1989, with particular intensity until 1962. Tens
Forced labour camps in the People's Republic of Bulgaria
Forced_labour_camps_in_the_People's_Republic_of_Bulgaria
Ownership of people as property
the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure. Slavery, despite no longer being legally
Slavery
Exploitation of children through work
Eradication of forced labour – General Survey concerning the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), and the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957
Child_labour
their documented collaboration in the implementation of the Holocaust, forced labour and other German war crimes. Circle of Friends of the Economy Bonstein
List of companies involved in the Holocaust
List_of_companies_involved_in_the_Holocaust
International treaty, 1930-
The Forced Labour Convention, the full title of which is the Convention Concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour, 1930 (No.29), is one of eight ILO fundamental
Forced_Labour_Convention
United States sanctions law
da Costa (November 13, 2019). "Xinjiang cotton sparks concern over 'forced labour' claims". BBC. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved
Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act
Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act
Post-war punishment of Germany
civilians and captured soldiers were forced into labor by the Allied forces. The topic of using Germans as forced labor for reparations was first broached
Forced labor of Germans after World War II
Forced_labor_of_Germans_after_World_War_II
South Korean compulsory employment system
"C029 - Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)". International Labour Organization. Retrieved 16 February 2020. "C105 - Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
Social_service_personnel
Trade of humans for exploitation
or the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the
Human_trafficking
Structural and economic analysis of modern coercive labour in Africa
of coercive labour practices that persist despite formal legal prohibition across African states. These practices include forced labour, human trafficking
Slavery in contemporary Africa
Slavery_in_contemporary_Africa
Clandestine fraud operations in Cambodia
deprivation of liberty and, in some cases, human trafficking, forced labour, child labour, torture and other ill-treatment and enslavement; interventions
Scam_centers_in_Cambodia
Mirziyoyev, who has pledged to outlaw forced labour in Uzbekistan since coming to power in 2016. In 2022 the International Labour Organisation (ILO) announced
Cotton production in Uzbekistan
Cotton_production_in_Uzbekistan
Legal term which may constitute slavery
article 6, states: No person shall be held in slavery. All forms of forced labour are prohibited, but Parliament may by law provide for compulsory service
Involuntary_servitude
Forced labour was used extensively in the Soviet Union and the following categories may be distinguished. The Bolshevik government began centralizing
Forced labor in the Soviet Union
Forced_labor_in_the_Soviet_Union
Global study of modern slavery
country-level variables that have a significant relationship with forced labour or forced marriage at the individual level were identified. Data for this
Global_Slavery_Index
Slavery as a means to repay debt
2021, the International Labour Organization estimated that, of the 27.6 million people currently participating in forced labour, 20.9%, or about 5.8 million
Debt_bondage
WWII prisoner of war camp in Austria
547017°E / 47.548817; 15.547017 The Krieglach forced labour camp was a Nazi prisoner of war forced labour camp in Krieglach, Austria. It was built in 1939/40
Krieglach_forced_labour_camp
Killing prisoners by means of forced labour
Extermination through labour (or "extermination through work", German: Vernichtung durch Arbeit) is a term that was adopted to describe forced labor in Nazi concentration
Extermination_through_labour
maintained labour camps (Albanian: Kampe pune, lit. 'work camps') throughout the territories it controlled. The first Communist Albanian labour camps were
Forced labour camps in Communist Albania
Forced_labour_camps_in_Communist_Albania
consists of state-imposed forced labour. The organization reports that forced labour is used for economic development, labour discipline and as punishment
Slavery_in_Korea
Abandoned island near Nagasaki, Japan
of Japan, it is also a reminder of Japanese war crimes as a site of forced labour prior to and during World War II. The 6.3-hectare (16-acre) island was
Hashima_Island
Economic phenomenon
as Marx called them) being forced to sell their labour. The two main perspectives when analysing the exploitation of labour are that of Marx and that of
Exploitation_of_labour
Those who could not pay the tax were put to labour instead. The measure changed the nature of forced labour from a local antisemitic action to a method
The_Holocaust_in_Romania
Town in the Komi Republic, Russia
of Vorkuta are associated with Vorkutlag, one of the most notorious forced-labour camps of the Gulag. Vorkutlag was established in 1932 with the start
Vorkuta
King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909
of ivory and, after a rise in the price of rubber in the 1890s, by forced labour from the Indigenous population to harvest and process rubber. Leopold's
Leopold_II_of_Belgium
Soviet penitentiary institution
Affairs, the terms "forced labour camp" and "concentration camp" were often used interchangeably; there is also the name "concentration labour camps", so most
Correctional_labour_camp
Soviet policy during and after WWII
as a source of forced labor during and after the war by the Soviet Union and by the Western Allies. Nazi Germany had used forced labour of people in the
Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union
Forced_labor_of_Germans_in_the_Soviet_Union
within which a new "Bureau of Temporary Labour" or OVTP (Otdel vremenna trudova povinnost) was set up, and forced labour units of Jews, Turks, ethnic Serbs
The_Holocaust_in_Bulgaria
Reparations paid by Germany
value transferred consisted of German industrial assets as well as forced labour to the Allies. The Allied demands were further outlined during the Potsdam
World_War_II_reparations
allowed free rein to exploit the concessions, with the result being that forced labour and violent coercion were used to collect the rubber cheaply and maximise
Atrocities in the Congo Free State
Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State
children who are subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labour and forced prostitution. Women and children from China are trafficked to Africa
Human_trafficking_in_China
16th- to 18th-century Brazilian plantation
1988-09-01. ISBN 978-0-8223-0888-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Combating Forced Labour in Brazil. International Labour Organization (ILO).
Fazenda
Village near Minsk in Belarus
Тростенец, romanized: Maly Trostenets) was an extermination site and forced-labour camp operated by Nazi Germany in Belarus during World War II. It was
Maly Trostenets concentration camp
Maly_Trostenets_concentration_camp
Consensual or punitive unpaid labor
contract holder but also giving the contract holder the benefit of the child's labour. Through its introduction, the details regarding indentured labor varied
Indentured_servitude
Part of World War II
ISBN 978-0850528589. What is forced labour? (2024) International Labour Organization. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/topics/forced-labour
German occupation of the Channel Islands
German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands
Form of German economic exploitation in World War II
citizens for forced labour to Germany was the forcible export of citizens of the USSR (mainly from the territory of Ukraine and Belarus) to forced labor in
Deportation of Soviet citizens for forced labour to Germany
Deportation_of_Soviet_citizens_for_forced_labour_to_Germany
German World War II prisoner-of-war camp at Görlitz
Polish POWs who were either deported west to Germany or sent to nearby forced labour subcamps were held in the camp. The first 8,000 Polish POWs were brought
Stalag_VIII-A
Foreign forced labor was used by the Soviet Union during and in the aftermath of World War II, which continued up to 1950s. There have been two categories
Foreign forced labor in the Soviet Union
Foreign_forced_labor_in_the_Soviet_Union
Hindu denomination within the Swaminarayan Sampradaya
Byline Times. Retrieved 10 December 2024. "Suit accusing Hindu group of forced labour widens to 5 US states". Al Jazeera. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December
Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha
Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha
Global conflict from 1939 to 1945
of forced labour of foreign civilians and POWs. In greater Germany, there were 7.6 million foreign workers (including POWs undertaking forced labour) and
World_War_II
Imperial German concentration camp in Luderitz, colonial Namibia (1905–1907)
The prisoners held on Shark Island were used as forced labour throughout the camp's existence. This labour was made available by the German army Etappen
Shark Island concentration camp
Shark_Island_concentration_camp
Civil and military engineering group in Nazi Germany
construction of concentration camps to supply forced labour to industry. There were more than 185,000 deaths of forced laborers on OT projects. Contrary to previous
Organisation_Todt
Act of an enslaver freeing the persons they enslaved
will". In rare cases, slaves who were able to earn enough money in their labour were able to buy their own freedom and were known as choris oikointes. Two
Manumission
German businessman (1885–1948)
until Nazi Germany's capitulation. His clothing company also utilized forced labour drawn from German-occupied territories and prisoner-of-war camps to
Hugo_Boss_(businessman)
1988–2011 military government of Myanmar
prevalence of forced labour and other abuses. The same year, the ILO established a Commission of Inquiry to look into allegations of forced labour, coming up
Tatmadaw Government (1988–2011)
Tatmadaw_Government_(1988–2011)
German Nazi politician (1894–1946)
Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment (Arbeitseinsatz) from March 1942 until the end of the Second World War, he oversaw the mobilization of forced labour for the
Fritz_Sauckel
conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour. According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea
Conscription_in_South_Korea
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
someone in slavery or servitude, or requiring them to perform forced or compulsory labour Provision for the abolition of the office of Coroner of the Queen's
Coroners_and_Justice_Act_2009
Republic, the new state, abolished forced labour again, but the employers whose businesses depended on forced labour used their political clout to lobby
Slavery_in_Angola
Sites of mass execution by the Khmer Rouge
which an estimated 1.7 to 2.2 million people died through execution, forced labour, starvation, and disease under the rule of the Communist Party of Kampuchea
Killing_Fields
crimes and forced into labour and often leased to private individuals. Many Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders were also forced into various
Slavery_in_Australia
war debts and reparations. It also covers the economic mobilization of labour, industry, and agriculture leading to economic failure. It deals with economic
Economic history of World War I
Economic_history_of_World_War_I
Compound noun meaning "labor camp" in the German language
partners) used forced labor extensively, starting in the 1930s but most especially during World War II. Another term was Zwangsarbeitslager ("forced labor camp")
Arbeitslager
1881–1947 French colonial laws for natives
companies. Demands for taxes and forced labour varied according to the local cercle, and in some areas, forced contract labour continued as a staple of the
Native_code_(France)
This includes forced labour, forced prostitution, debt bondage, forced servile marriage, exploitation of children, and forced prison labour most belonging
Slavery_in_Russia
Australian discount department store chain owned by Wesfarmers
products from factories in China's Xinjiang region allegedly linked to forced labour. Kmart Australia was formed as a joint venture between G.J. Coles &
Kmart_Australia
German politician and war criminal (1900–1946)
directly involved in the mass murder of Jews. He engaged in the use of forced labour and oversaw four of the extermination camps. Frank remained head of
Hans_Frank
Nestlé controversial business practices
practices. Since the 1970s, Nestlé has faced criticism for: forced labour modern slavery child labour incidents of contaminated and infested food products deliberately
Controversies_of_Nestlé
The forced labour of Hungarians in the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II was not researched until the fall of Communism and the dissolution
Forced labor of Hungarians in the Soviet Union
Forced_labor_of_Hungarians_in_the_Soviet_Union
German colony in northeast New Guinea (1884–1914)
became a matter of forced mobilisation. The government enforced new laws that required the tribes to furnish four weeks of labour per person annually
German_New_Guinea
Theatre of war in Europe
of every ten German guns" during the Hitler era. The use of foreign forced labour and slavery in Germany and throughout German-occupied Europe during
Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)
international human rights and humanitarian law." Forced labour, human trafficking and child labour are common. The Burmese military junta[clarification
Human_rights_in_Myanmar
West African youth studying the Quran at a daara
of teaching their talibés about the Quran, exploit them for labour, typically through forced begging on the streets. The nature of this exploitation exposes
Talibe
Form of human trafficking
transportation, harbouring, or receipt of a child" for the purpose of slavery, forced labour, and sexual exploitation. This definition is substantially broader than
Child_trafficking
trafficking into Côte d'Ivoire, where children were then being subjected to forced labour and slavery. In response to this phenomenon, the committee recommended
Slavery_in_international_law
German state from 1933 to 1945
banning or discouraging others. Genocide, mass murder and large-scale forced labour became hallmarks of the regime; the implementation of its racial policies
Nazi_Germany
German anthropologist (born 1974)
forced labor and the situation of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Instead, paragraph 1 of the resolution "strongly condemned the state system of forced labour exploiting
Adrian_Zenz
Dutch colony in Indonesia (1800–1949)
minor offenders directly to forced labour, without any due process. Also, long term convicts were subjected to forced labour for constructing infrastructure
Dutch_East_Indies
Nazi history museum in Berlin
accommodations dispersed throughout the city for forced labourers. The Documentation Centre on Nazi Forced Labour opened in the summer of 2006 on a part of historical
Topography_of_Terror
Being married without consenting
marriage to prevent this. Similarly, the International Labour Organization recognizes forced marriage as a form of modern slavery. In 2009, the Special
Forced_marriage
but did little to enforce that ban. Mauritania ratified in 1961 the Forced Labour Convention, having already enshrined abolition of slavery, albeit implicitly
Slavery_in_Mauritania
fundamental Conventions as binding on all members; four prohibit forced labour and child labour, and four provide rights to organize, to collectively bargain
List of International Labour Organization Conventions
List_of_International_Labour_Organization_Conventions
Collaborationist regime in France (1940–1944)
treaty. Germany kept two million French prisoners-of-war and imposed forced labour on young Frenchmen. (The Vichy government tried to negotiate with Germany
Vichy_France
claims related to the higher pay available in Dubai and can include forced labour labourers. Along with demand for migrant laborers was also the demand
Human_trafficking_in_Dubai
Air force of Nazi Germany (1935–1945)
died at Vaivara. Luftwaffe airfields were frequently maintained using forced labour. Thousands of inmates from five subcamps of Stutthof worked on the airfields
Luftwaffe
Class of wage-earners in a tenuous job situation close to unemployment
Precarious work – Type of non-standard or temporary employment Reserve army of labour – Marxist term to describe the unemployed and undereployed in capitalist
Precariat
fulfil their compulsory military service in the labour battalions and not the regular army. Forced labour battalions were instituted in Bulgaria in 1920
Bulgaria_during_World_War_II
Nazi extermination camp in Poland (1942–1943)
Germans – the camp consisted of two separate units. Treblinka I was a forced-labour camp (Arbeitslager) whose prisoners worked in the gravel pit or irrigation
Treblinka_extermination_camp
German field marshal (1891–1944)
papers point primarily to plans for forced labour rather than systematic extermination, and that by the time labour camps were fully established in Tunisia
Erwin_Rommel
Human rights organisation
of forced labour in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.[citation needed] In 2010 the organisation also exposed the routine use of the forced labour of
Anti-Slavery_International
German general (1892–1972)
from 1941, adopting a policy of mass production, and utilising the forced labour of foreign workers under inhumane conditions to supply the Luftwaffe
Erhard_Milch
Laws regulating labour in India
unions". Article 23 prohibits all trafficking and forced labour, while article 24 prohibits child labour under 14 years old in a factory, mine or "any other
Labour_laws_in_India
Survivors of the Nazi extermination camp Sobibor
selected to perform forced labour for the camp's daily operation. The second comprises those deported to Sobibor but selected there for forced labor in other
List_of_survivors_of_Sobibor
northern regions, transporting them to urban centers in the south for forced labour or sexual exploitation. Domestic trafficking is more prevalent than
Human_trafficking_in_Benin
for commercial sexual exploitation and forced/bonded labour. Although no reliable study of forced and bonded labour was completed, NGOs[who?] estimated this
Human_trafficking_in_India
Spanish labour system in its colonies
conquered were subject to conditions that closely resembled instances of forced labour and outright slavery. The encomienda was first established in Spain
Encomienda
Human trafficking and fraud enterprises
Scam center operators lure foreign nationals to scam hubs, where they are forced into modern slavery, to scam internet users around the world into fraudulently
Scam_center
ran plantations in the Congo for the production of palm oil, using forced labour. It was established in 1911, when the soap manufacturer received a concession
Huileries_du_Congo_Belge
Historical region of west-central Poland
Lebensraum policy. Many Poles were also enslaved as forced labour and either sent to forced labour camps or German colonists in the region or deported
Greater_Poland
travel, tourism, insurance
FORCED LABOUR
FORCED LABOUR
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Norrod.Norwegian : variant of Nored.
Girl/Female
English
Dark.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from the Old English word ford, FORD means "ford, river crossing."
Boy/Male
British, Christian, English, Gaelic, Greek, Irish, Scottish
Prosperous; Field; Headstrong
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Meets; One with Strong Intentions; One with Decisiveness; Distance; Gap
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Dark; Variant of Darcy
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant spelling of Ford 1 and 2. This is a very common spelling in Ireland.Norwegian : habitational name from any of numerous farmsteads named Førde (there are eleven on the west coast), from Old Norse fyrði, dative of fjórðr ‘fjord’.
Girl/Female
Sikh
One who meets
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a respelling of the southern French name Faure, which was taken to England as early as the 13th century.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Fosse. There has been some confusion with northwestern English force in the sense of ‘waterfall’, it is possible that the surname may also have arisen as a topographic name for someone living by a waterfall.French : topographic name for someone who lived by a fortress or stronghold, Old French force, Late Latin fortia, a derivative of fortis ‘strong’ (see Fort). There are several places named with this word (for example in Aude, and baronial lands in the Dordogne), and it may also be a habitational name from any of these.
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who meets
Girl/Female
Shakespearean
The Merry Wives of Windsor' Mistress Ford.
Surname or Lastname
Italian
Italian : from the personal name Forte, from Late Latin fortis ‘strong’ (see Fort) or from a short form of a medieval personal name formed with this element, as for example Fortebraccio (‘strong arm’).Slovenian : shortened form of the personal name Fortunat, Latin Fortunatus.English : variant of Fort.
Boy/Male
Gaelic Scottish
Wealthy or stubborn.
Male
Scottish
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Gaelic word forba, FORBES means "district, field."Â
Boy/Male
Hindi Muslim
Unique.
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset and Avon)
English (Somerset and Avon) : topographic name for someone living in or by a furze-covered enclosure, from Old English fyrs ‘furze’ + hæg ‘enclosure’.Americanized spelling of French Fortier.
Male
English
Short form of English Frederick, FRED means "peaceful ruler."
Boy/Male
Indian
Unique, Matchless, Precious
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : topographic name for someone who lived near a forge or smithy, Middle English, Old French forge (from Latin fabrica ‘workshop’, a derivative of faber ‘smith’, ‘workman’; compare Lefevre). The surname is thus in most cases a metonymic occupational name for a smith or someone employed by a smith.
FORCED LABOUR
FORCED LABOUR
FORCED LABOUR
FORCED LABOUR
FORCED LABOUR
FORCED LABOUR
FORCED LABOUR
v. i.
To be of force, importance, or weight; to matter.
v. t.
To prohibit; to forbid; to avert.
n.
To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to strain; to urge to excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to produce by unnatural effort; as, to force a consient or metaphor; to force a laugh; to force fruits.
n.
To compel, as by strength of evidence; as, to force conviction on the mind.
a.
Having structure; capable of growth and development; organized; as, the formed or organized ferments. See Ferment, n.
n.
To provide with forces; to reenforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.
n.
One who, or that which, forces or drives.
imp. & p. p.
of Force
v. t.
To stuff; to lard; to farce.
a.
Done or produced with force or great labor, or by extraordinary exertion; hurried; strained; produced by unnatural effort or pressure; as, a forced style; a forced laugh.
imp. & p. p.
of Farce
n.
To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce.
n.
To allow the force of; to value; to care for.
a.
Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing into two or more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag; as, the forked lighting.
a.
Compelled; forced; not voluntary.
n.
The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump.
a.
Arranged, as stars in a constellation; as, formed stars.
imp. & p. p.
of Forge
n.
Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or motion; or, more generally, which changes, or tends to change, any physical relation between them, whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or of any other kind; as, the force of gravity; cohesive force; centrifugal force.
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