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Process of making, adapting, or imitating objects to deceive
Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally consists of the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud
Forgery
Malicious website exploit
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF, sometimes pronounced sea-surf) is a type of malicious exploit of a website or web application where unauthorized commands
Cross-site_request_forgery
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up forgery in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Forgery is the process of making false documents. Forgery may also refer to the following conceptually
Forgery_(disambiguation)
Creation and trade of falsely credited art
Art forgery is the creation and sale of works of art which are intentionally falsely credited to other, usually more famous artists. Art forgery can be
Art_forgery
Literary work which is deliberately misattributed to a historical or invented author
Literary forgery (also known as literary mystification, literary fraud or literary hoax) is writing, such as a manuscript or a literary work, which is
Literary_forgery
1969 novel by Patricia Highsmith
The Tremor of Forgery (1969) is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith. It was the thirteenth of her 22 novels. American writer Howard Ingham
The_Tremor_of_Forgery
Security definition for digital signatures
In a cryptographic digital signature or MAC system, digital signature forgery is the ability to create a pair consisting of a message, m {\displaystyle
Digital_signature_forgery
Type of computer security exploit
Server-side request forgery (SSRF) is a computer security vulnerability that enables an attacker to send requests from a vulnerable server to internal
Server-side_request_forgery
Topics referred to by the same term
Historical forgery may refer to: Archaeological forgery, the creation of false artifacts Literary forgery, in the context of the creation of false or misattributed
Historical_forgery
Manufacture of supposedly ancient items
Archaeological forgery is the manufacture of supposedly ancient items that are sold to the antiquities market and may even end up in the collections of
Archaeological_forgery
Stock short title used in UK legislation
Forgery Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom which relates to forgery and similar offences. The
Forgery_Act
Message sent with a fake identity
In cryptography, message forgery is sending a message so to deceive the recipient about the actual sender's identity. A common example is sending a spam
Message_forgery
Fraudulently manufactured imitation postage stamps
In general, philatelic fakes and forgeries are labels that look like postage stamps but have been produced to deceive or defraud. Learning to identify
Philatelic fakes and forgeries
Philatelic_fakes_and_forgeries
Scholarly monograph on literary forgery in early Christianity
Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics is a 2012 scholarly monograph by American New Testament historian Bart
Forgery_and_Counterforgery
Form of social engineering
Lazcano, Christine (September 2026). Protecting Tokens and Assertions from Forgery, Theft, and Misuse: Implementation Recommendations for Agencies and Cloud
Phishing
Overview of and topical guide to forgery
Signature forgery Forgery of Foreign Bills Act 1803 Forgery Act 1830 Forgery, Abolition of Punishment of Death Act 1832 Forgery Act 1837 Forgery Act 1861
Outline_of_forgery
Act of proving an assertion
Attribute comparison may be vulnerable to forgery. In general, it relies on the facts that creating a forgery indistinguishable from a genuine artifact
Authentication
False signature
Signature forgery refers to the act of falsely replicating another person's signature. Several different methods can be used to forge signatures. One
Signature_forgery
Fake IDs and their production
Identity document forgery is the process by which identity documents issued by governing bodies are illegally copied and/or modified by persons not authorized
Identity_document_forgery
Type of counterfeit coin
A cliché coin forgery is a type of counterfeit coin (a subtype of fourrée) produced using a genuine coin to impress a design into silver foil. Evidence
Cliché_forgery
American murderer who forged Mormon documents
of his forgeries were accepted by scholars for years, and an unknown number of them may still be in circulation. But it is Hofmann's forgeries of Mormon
Mark_Hofmann
Information warfare technique
Forgery is used by some governments and non-state actors as a tool of covert operation, disinformation and black propaganda. Letters, currency, speeches
Forgery_as_covert_operation
Antimsemitic canard falsely attributed to Benjamin Franklin
The Franklin Prophecy, sometimes called the Franklin Forgery, is an antisemitic speech falsely attributed to Benjamin Franklin, warning of the supposed
Franklin_Prophecy
Christian church based in Rome
Quesnelliana Collectio canonum Wigorniensis Gelasian Decree Symmachian forgeries Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals Donation of Constantine Gregorian Reform Lay
Catholic_Church
1992 studio album by Monks of Doom
Forgery is an album by the American band Monks of Doom, released in 1992. It was the band's first album to be distributed by a major label, and their
Forgery_(album)
2014 film
Beltracchi: The Art of Forgery (German: Beltracchi – Die Kunst der Fälschung) is a 2014 film by Arne Birkenstock based on the life of German art forger
Beltracchi: The Art of Forgery
Beltracchi:_The_Art_of_Forgery
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 (c. 45) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which makes it illegal to make fake versions of many
Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981
Forgery_and_Counterfeiting_Act_1981
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
attribution False balance Fear, uncertainty, and doubt Firehose of falsehood Forgery as covert operation Gaslighting Greenwashing Historical negationism Information
Soviet_Union
Forged documents in the Iraq disarmament crisis
The Niger uranium forgeries were forged documents initially released in 2001 by SISMI (the former military intelligence agency of Italy), which seem to
Niger_uranium_forgeries
Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC
queen, as it was Ptolemaic practice to countersign documents to avoid forgery. In a speech to the Roman Senate on the first day of his consulship on
Cleopatra
Fabricated Shakespearian writings
The Ireland Shakespeare forgeries were a cause célèbre in 1790s London, when author and engraver Samuel Ireland announced the discovery, by his son William
Ireland_Shakespeare_forgeries
Ancient Jewish biblical manuscripts
000,000 in 2025 dollars), and brought to Jerusalem. Since 2002, many forgeries of Dead Sea Scrolls have appeared on black markets. In 2020, the Museum
Dead_Sea_Scrolls
German philosopher (1844–1900)
Bible.) Mazzino Montinari, the editor of Nietzsche's Nachlass, called it a forgery.[incomplete short citation] Yet, the endeavour to rescue Nietzsche's reputation
Friedrich_Nietzsche
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
their bookshops. The quality of editing varied wildly, and plagiarism or forgery were common, since there was no copyright law. Collectors amassed personal
Roman_Empire
Fake archaeological finds
Throughout history there have been several mummy forgeries. By the 18th century fake mummies were made in Europe for the production of Mummia. These were
Mummy_forgeries
Imitation currency intended to defraud
and to deceive its recipient. Counterfeit money is a form of fraud or forgery, and is illegal across the world. The business of counterfeiting money
Counterfeit_money
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Forgery Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 98) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it then was). It consolidated
Forgery_Act_1861
1991 film
The Original of the Forgery (Serbian: Original falsifikata) is a 1991 Yugoslav drama film directed by Dragan Kresoja. The film was selected as the final
The_Original_of_the_Forgery
American author and forger
December 24, 2014) was an American author known for committing literary forgery. Her 2008 confessional autobiography Can You Ever Forgive Me? was adapted
Lee_Israel
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
several offences of forgery and uttering, while repealing numerous other offences of forgery, thereby consolidating the law of forgery. It did not extend
Forgery_Act_1913
American murderer executed by the state of Texas (1965-2005)
In December 1985, Newton was sentenced to three years of probation for forgery. A previous employer also testified that they'd fired Newton for stealing
Frances_Newton
Hungarian painter and art forger (1906–1976)
forger. It is claimed he was responsible for producing over a thousand forgeries that were sold to reputable art galleries all over the world. His activities
Elmyr_de_Hory
Form of influence campaign
and Know Your Enemy: Japan), but most historians now believe it was a forgery.[citation needed] The following message was distributed in black propaganda
Black_propaganda
2004 American political controversy
Several typewriter and typography experts soon concluded that they were forgeries. Lieutenant Colonel Bill Burkett provided the documents to CBS, but he
Killian_documents_controversy
Apostle of Jesus
Matthes) Manuscripts Papyrus 45 84 88 137 Fayyum Fragment Minuscule 2427 (forgery) 7Q5 (disputed) Sources Greek Text Latin Vulgate Wycliffe Version King
Saint_Peter
Standard defining codes for currencies
on Numismatics the study of currency Glossary Currency Coins Banknotes Forgery List ISO Circulating currencies Africa Asia Europe North America South
ISO_4217
Country in West Asia
revealed that documents relating to the export of the trash to Russia were forgeries. On 19 March 2016, the Cabinet reopened the Naameh landfill for 60 days
Lebanon
Unidentified 1971 airplane hijacker
served time in at least six prisons from 1945 to 1968 for burglary and forgery. He was proposed as a suspect by his widow, Jo, based primarily on a deathbed
D._B._Cooper
American convicted murderer; last person to be hanged in the US
violating his parole in January 1979. He received an 18-month sentence for forgery. In August 1978, Bailey threatened to kill his wife, daughter, mother-in-law
Billy_Bailey
Indian religion and philosophy
is not given." According to Harvey, this also covers fraud, cheating, forgery as well as "falsely denying that one is in debt to someone". "I undertake
Buddhism
Putative longer version of the Gospel of Mark
is a forgery mostly think it is a modern forgery, with Smith being denounced the most often as the perpetrator. If the letter is a modern forgery, the
Secret_Gospel_of_Mark
Island in the North Atlantic Ocean
there is no general agreement as to whether the bull was genuine or a forgery. Further, it had no standing in the Irish legal system. In 1172, Pope Alexander
Ireland
Typeface designed for vehicle licence plates
Fälschungserschwerende Schrift (German pronunciation: [fɛlʃʊŋsɐʃveːʁəndə ʃʁɪft], 'forgery-impeding typeface'), is a sans serif typeface introduced for use on license
FE-Schrift
English rock band
the UK and the US. Waters said: "I think it's facile, but a quite clever forgery ... The songs are poor in general ... [and] Gilmour's lyrics are third-rate
Pink_Floyd
2000 shooting of a child in the Gaza Strip
when a French-Jewish army captain was found guilty of treason based on a forgery. In the view of Charles Enderlin, the controversy is a smear campaign intended
Killing_of_Muhammad_al-Durrah
Alleged Japanese strategic planning document from 1927 to take over the world
This event proves that the British knew that the Tanaka Memorial was a forgery prior to World War II.[dubious – discuss] While the Tanaka Memorial is
Tanaka_Memorial
German art forger and artist (born 1951)
netting millions of euros. Beltracchi, together with his wife Helene, sold forgeries of alleged works by famous artists, including Max Ernst, Heinrich Campendonk
Wolfgang_Beltracchi
American aviator, aerospace engineer and business magnate (1905–1976)
the LDS Church office. In 1978, a Nevada court ruled the Mormon Will a forgery and officially declared that Hughes had died intestate (without a valid
Howard_Hughes
Forged 'Norse' map of North America
The Vinland Map is a 20th-century forgery purporting to be a 15th-century mappa mundi with unique information about Norse exploration of North America
Vinland_Map
Country in West Asia
coins and notes, with the notes printed by De La Rue using modern anti-forgery techniques. Jim Cramer's 20 October 2009 endorsement of the Iraqi dinar
Iraq
Queen of England from 1533 to 1536
corroborating de Carle's account, was in 1845 shown by French scholars to be a forgery. Aubrey, William Hickman Smith (1867). The National and Domestic History
Anne_Boleyn
1868 U.S. court case
The Howland will forgery trial (Robinson v. Mandell) was a U.S. court case in 1868 where businesswoman Henrietta "Hetty" Howland Robinson, who would later
Howland_will_forgery_trial
2010 film by Christopher Nolan
sharp-tongued associate of Cobb. He is referred to as a fence but his specialty is forgery, more accurately identity theft. Eames uses his ability to impersonate
Inception
Dutch painter and art forger (1889–1947)
Facing a possible death penalty, he confessed that the painting was a forgery, and was subsequently convicted and sentenced to one year in prison. However
Han_van_Meegeren
£10 million in 2015. The four men responsible for the Bank of England forgeries, brothers George and Austin Bidwell, George MacDonnell and Edwin Noyes
1873 Bank of England forgeries
1873_Bank_of_England_forgeries
15th-century codex in an unknown script
"effectively rules out any possibility that the manuscript is a post-medieval forgery", as the consistency of the pages indicates origin from a single source
Voynich_manuscript
Simple email-validation system designed to detect email spoofing
on the "From:" line, other technologies, such as DMARC, must be used. Forgery of this address is known as email spoofing, and is often used in phishing
Sender_Policy_Framework
Editing of video content for malicious intent
audio Fake news websites Fakelore Fictitious entries Firehose of falsehood Forgery Gaslighting List Literary Lying press Photograph manipulation Racial Urban
Video_manipulation
authenticity was questioned. The book has been definitively discredited as a forgery and fraud. William Dennes Mahan was born July 27, 1824, in Pittsylvania
William_Dennes_Mahan
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685
a son named James de la Cloche in 1646 are dismissed by historians as forgeries. The traditional date of the Restoration marking the first assembly of
Charles_II_of_England
Indian politician
On 4 January 2016, Sharma, his son, and seven others were charged with forgery and fraud. The group stole at least Rs26.0 million. Mant (Assembly constituency)
Shyam_Sunder_Sharma
British writer, lay theologian, and scholar (1898–1963)
attributed forged works to Lewis. Lewis's stepson, Douglas Gresham, denies the forgery claims, saying that "[t]he whole controversy thing was engineered for very
C._S._Lewis
Spanish surrealist artist (1904–1989)
forced by his guardians to sign blank canvases that could later be used in forgeries. It is also alleged that he knowingly sold otherwise-blank lithograph
Salvador_Dalí
Fraud in religion or medicine
reformer, would write a Treatise on Relics, about the problem of relic forgeries since the time of Augustine of Hippo. In Isaac Newton's 1690 dissertation
Pious_fraud
Forged papyrus fragment
Though initially dated to the 4th century, it is now regarded as a modern forgery. The text received widespread attention when first publicized in 2012 for
Gospel_of_Jesus'_Wife
The Bibliotheca Fictiva Collection of Literary and Historical Forgery is the premier library collection in the world that is dedicated entirely to the
Bibliotheca Fictiva Collection
Bibliotheca_Fictiva_Collection
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Forgery Act 1830 (11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4. c. 66) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated for England and Wales all legislation
Forgery_Act_1830_(UK)
British actress (1929–1993)
daughter of a famous art collector, whose collection consists entirely of forgeries that are about to be exposed as fakes. Her character plays the part of
Audrey_Hepburn
Linked hypertext system on the Internet
which the cookie belongs (see cross-site scripting and cross-site request forgery for examples). Tracking cookies, and especially third-party tracking cookies
World_Wide_Web
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
to further Soviet foreign policy goals," consisting of disinformation, forgeries, leaks to foreign media, and the channeling of aid to militant groups
Cold_War
Head of the Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005
planting false memoirs in his dwelling; Piotrowski was exposed and the forgeries were found and destroyed before the SB could say to have discovered them
Pope_John_Paul_II
American comic book writer (1922–2018)
false imprisonment, grand theft of an elder or dependent adult, fraud, forgery, and elder abuse. Another figure in the alleged abuse was Lee's former
Stan_Lee
Alleged lost manuscript by Herman Wirth
commentary to the Ura Linda Chronicle (1933), a 19th-century literary forgery that he thought to be genuine. The Chronicle tells the story of a lost
Palestinabuch
Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567
on a version of the late king's will that his opponents dismissed as a forgery. Arran, supported by his allies and kin, assumed the regency until 1554
Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
Ancient Iberian sculpture
by an exact replica afterwards. The bust was first accused of being a forgery in 1906, in an essay called "Las esculturas del Cerro de los Santos, cuestión
Lady_of_Elche
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Forgery Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 58) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The enactments consolidated by this act and the National
Forgery_Act_1870
1912 paleoanthropological hoax
considerable controversy until it was conclusively exposed in 1953 as a forgery. It was found to have consisted of the altered mandible and some teeth
Piltdown_Man
Male religious congregation of the Catholic Church
for the Catholic Church. The Catholic Encyclopedia states the book is a forgery, fabricated to ascribe a sinister reputation to the Society of Jesus. The
Jesuits
American singer-songwriter (1968–2023)
Lending LLC was not a real company, and the identity thieves routinely used forgeries of recently deceased individuals to carry out fraud schemes. As a central
Lisa_Marie_Presley
Israeli diplomat (born 1959)
children. In September 2025, Braverman was investigated for suspected forgery and fraud in the Prime Minister's Office and was questioned by police.
Tzachi_Braverman
1st-century limestone box
analysis of the patina, which concluded that the inscription is a modern forgery. Specifically, it claimed that the inscription was added in modern times
James_Ossuary
recipient of the Donation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery. 34 18 January 336 – 7 October 336 (263 days) St Mark MARCVS Rome, Italy
List_of_popes
English stamp forger
notable for his forgeries of the stamps of India and Australia who was known as The Brighton forger and his works as Brighton forgeries. Treherne appears
Harold_Treherne
Italian Dominican friar and philosopher (1225–1274)
visibly legitimated directly through coronation by the pope. Simple theft, forgery, fraud, and other such crimes were also capital offences; Thomas's point
Thomas_Aquinas
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
software,[citation needed] and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering. A digital signature on a message or document is similar to
Digital_signature
Concept concerning the genuineness and originality of artworks
Saarinen's proposition of "forgery as an art", and said that if a forgery fits into the body of work of an artist, and if the forgery produces the same aesthetic
Authenticity_in_art
Chronological inconsistency
legitimate suspicions of forgery. ... The use of words not used till after the date of the writing; – second indication of forgery. Examples are: The exposure
Anachronism
Nigerian confraternity
and crimes in Nigeria and abroad, including drug trafficking, passport forgery, money laundering, and sex trafficking. The criminal activities of local
Supreme_Eiye_Confraternity
Data item stored in a browser by a website
which the cookie belongs (see cross-site scripting and cross-site request forgery for examples). Tracking cookies, and especially third-party tracking cookies
HTTP_cookie
Criminal acts involving unlawful use of cheques
their innocence. Sometimes, forgery is the method of choice in defrauding a bank. There are three main types of cheque forgery: Counterfeit. This is a cheque
Cheque_fraud
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance