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Fabricated Shakespearian writings
The Ireland Shakespeare forgeries were a cause célèbre in 1790s London, when author and engraver Samuel Ireland announced the discovery, by his son William
Ireland_Shakespeare_forgeries
English author and engraver (21 May 1744–July 1800)
Samuel Ireland (21 May 1744 – July 1800) was an English author and engraver best known as the chief victim of the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries created
Samuel_Ireland
English Shakespearean forger (1775–1835)
Ireland Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Ireland, William Henry". William Henry Ireland's Shakespeare Forgeries A
William_Henry_Ireland
William Shakespeare's handwriting is known from six surviving signatures, all of which appear on legal documents. It is believed by many scholars that
Shakespeare's_handwriting
Irish Shakespearean scholar and editor
also a central figure in the refutation of the claim that the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries were authentic works of the playwright, which many contemporary
Edmond_Malone
Overview of and topical guide to forgery
attributed to Mozart Russian philatelic forgeries — some examples of notable Russian stamp forgeries Stock Exchange forgery 1872–73 — a fraud perpetrated by
Outline_of_forgery
Play written by William Henry Ireland
Be Shakespeare: A Tale of Forgery and Folly. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81831-8. William Henry Ireland's Shakespeare Forgeries Camelot
Vortigern_and_Rowena
Well-established legal rules
Scottish writer George Chalmers published an essay on the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries that criticised historians who relied on the "black-letter law"
Black-letter_law
Overview of and topical guide to the life and legacy of William Shakespeare
Ireland Shakespeare forgeries A Funeral Elegy The Passionate Pilgrim To the Queen Shakespeare's editors Shakespeare attribution studies Shakespeare authorship
Outline of William Shakespeare
Outline_of_William_Shakespeare
charge it. The Ireland Shakespeare forgeries, a collection of Shakespeare-related documents supposedly discovered by William Henry Ireland and published
List_of_hoaxes
5th-century ruler in Sub-Roman Britain
244. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4. Boese, Alex (2002). "William Henry Ireland's Shakespeare Forgeries". Museum of Hoaxes. Retrieved 28 July 2010. Wikimedia Commons
Vortigern
Irish stage actor and theatre manager
suspected of possible involvement in the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries as an acquittance of William Henry Ireland. He made his debut at Covent Garden on
Montague_Talbot
English Shakespearian scholar
and Shakespeare's life in particular fell under suspicion. Re-examination of several documents showed them to be out-and-out forgeries, forgeries so obvious
Clement_Mansfield_Ingleby
English writer and scholar (1789–1883)
for publishing many books on Shakespeare. However, his reputation has declined as a result of the Perkins Folio forgery. His father, John Dyer Collier
John_Payne_Collier
Scottish antiquarian and political writer
other tracts by Chalmers on the same subject, relating to the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries. He also took part in the controversy on the identity of Junius
George_Chalmers_(antiquarian)
Possible order of composition of Shakespeare's plays
William Shakespeare. Shakespearean scholars, beginning with Edmond Malone in 1778, have attempted to reconstruct the relative chronology of Shakespeare's oeuvre
Chronology of Shakespeare's plays
Chronology_of_Shakespeare's_plays
1780 novel by Sir Herbert Croft, 5th Baronet
influence on William Henry Ireland, the author of the Shakespeare Forgeries, who used the subplot about forgery as an inspiration. Ireland was himself reported
Love_and_Madness
Painting by Angelica Kauffman
Kauffman Vortigern and Rowena, a 1796 play forming part of the Ireland Shakespeare Forgeries Kahan p. 81 Moyle p.180-81 Moyle p.180 https://www.nationaltrustcollections
Vortigern and Rowena (painting)
Vortigern_and_Rowena_(painting)
Irish playwright and theatre historian
one of the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries. He issued an anonymous pamphlet, ‘Vortigern under Consideration’ (1796), on Samuel Ireland's behalf. On recent
Walley_Chamberlain_Oulton
Independent research library in Washington, D.C.
compiled while writing Middlemarch, the 18th-century Shakespeare forgeries of William Henry Ireland, and the papers of legendary 18th-century actor David
Folger_Shakespeare_Library
Alternative Shakespeare authorship theory
instances of the claim that Bacon wrote Shakespeare's works, but the Wilmot research has been exposed as a forgery, and the pamphlet makes no direct reference
Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship
Baconian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship
18th/19th-century English biographer, dramatist, and journalist
Papers of Shakespeare published by Mr. Samuel Ireland." He stated in this letter his grounds for believing the papers held by Samuel Ireland to be spurious;
James_Boaden
English writer and scholar (1736–1800)
was one of the foremost in exposing the Chatterton-Rowley and the Ireland forgeries. He wrote an entirely fictitious account of the Java upas tree, derived
George_Steevens
Claims that someone other than William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon wrote the works traditionally attributed to him were first explicitly made in
History of the Shakespeare authorship question
History_of_the_Shakespeare_authorship_question
English writer and actor
under the hand and seal of W. Shakespeare in the possession of S. Ireland (1796) on the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries, A Compendious History of the English
Francis_Godolphin_Waldron
Irish medium (1868–1949)
Smith, was an Irish spiritualist medium who is most notable for having claimed to contact the spirits of Oscar Wilde, William Shakespeare and other writers
Hester_Dowden
Chronological inconsistency
Reitzenstein (1861–1931), all of whom succeeded in exposing literary forgeries and plagiarisms, such as those included in the "Hermetic Corpus", through
Anachronism
Religious nonconformism in Britain, 16th–19th centuries
missionary work, and could never have been in the possession of John Shakespeare. John Shakespeare was listed as one who did not attend church services, but this
Recusancy
2011 novel by Arthur Phillips
Arthurian play attributed to William Shakespeare, which the main narrator, "Arthur Phillips", believes to be a forgery produced by his father. It was published
The_Tragedy_of_Arthur
donzella Laura Gussoni) William Combe – Letters of the Late Lord Lyttelton (forgeries) Martin Madan – Thelyphthora (in favor of polygamy) Johannes von Müller
1780_in_literature
American historian
studies—including William Henry Ireland's 1795 forgeries, the Davenant paternity rumors, the authorship controversy, and analysis of Shakespeare's portraits—Keevak traces
Michael_Keevak
Poet and singer in Celtic societies
familiarly as "the Bard" for William Shakespeare. The English term bard is a loanword from the Gaelic bàrd and Irish bàrd. Linguistically related terms
Bard
Wales, but not in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where three banks in Scotland and three in Northern Ireland, issue their own banknotes as provisioned
Banknotes of the pound sterling
Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling
1993 novel by John Banville
that of the film director Peter Greenaway. She notes that it recalls Shakespeare's play, The Tempest, beginning with a group of travellers cast up on an
Ghosts_(Banville_novel)
reviewers than large profits. March-April- Samuel Ireland publishes a collection of Shakespearean forgeries in his Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments
1796_in_literature
Passport issued to British nationals
inside featuring places related to the imagery. A portrait of William Shakespeare was embedded in each page as a watermark. The Series B passport was initially
British_passport
Banknote in England and Wales
note issues Memorials to William Shakespeare Other £20 banknotes are more commonly used in Scotland and Northern Ireland Read, Simon (20 February 2020)
Bank_of_England_£20_note
"British Isles" refers to a European archipelago comprising Great Britain, Ireland and the smaller, adjacent islands. The word "British" has also become an
Names_of_the_British_Isles
English poet and cultural critic (1822–1888)
No 3 font used in many other Wise forgeries. Other copies of Alaric at Rome in other fonts are probably not forgeries. John Carter and Graham Pollard conclude
Matthew_Arnold
for Dental Research. He also was the author of The Home and Haunts of Shakespeare and had an interest in anthropology, including the Piltdown Man. Shklar
James_Leon_Williams
Banknotes issued by the Bank of England
English banknotes, and was hanged for the crime in 1812. Several of his forgeries and printing plates are in the collection of Birmingham Museum and Art
Bank_of_England_note_issues
Impacts on English writer and philologist
Gold Does Not Glitter': Aragorn's Debt to Shakespeare". In Croft, Janet Brennan (ed.). Tolkien and Shakespeare: Essays on Shared Themes and Languages. McFarland
Influences_on_Tolkien
English dramatist
his caricature of Samuel Ireland as Sir Bamber Blackletter in Fortune's Fool, and for his adaptations of some of Shakespeare's comedies. His first name
Frederick_Reynolds_(writer)
English actress (1761–1831)
the role. The newly discovered play that was said to be by Shakespeare proved to be a forgery. Mrs Powell had a benefit at Drury Lane on 2 May 1795 when
Mrs_Powell
stories are told. The case inspired the song "I Don't Like Mondays" by Irish punk rock group The Boomtown Rats. The Canadian Juvenile Law prohibits the
List_of_Deadly_Women_episodes
(rare) and the various inconsistencies among the works, resulting from forgeries in many cases. Despite its problems, the ecclesiastic historiography of
Medieval ecclesiastic historiography
Medieval_ecclesiastic_historiography
Scottish lawyer, diarist and author (1740–1795)
Ireland, were genuine. After Boswell's death they proved to be forgeries created by Ireland himself. Boswell's remains were interred in the crypt of the
James_Boswell
Alleged anti-Spanish historiography
of Reason Begins: A History of European Civilization in the Period of Shakespeare, Bacon, Montaigne, Rembrandt, Galileo, and Descartes: 1558–1648. p. 451
Black_Legend
Roe, John Alan (2002). Shakespeare and Machiavelli. DS Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85991-764-3. Roe, John Alan (2002). Shakespeare and Machiavelli. DS Brewer
List_of_stock_characters
several Shelley poems in the library's collection have been replaced with forgeries. Buckley leads a "Secrets of Oxford" tour of dubious accuracy. Her body
List_of_Lewis_episodes
Archived from the original on Jul 29, 2025. Retrieved 6 September 2010. Shakespeare, Andrew-Paul (2019-01-23). "Timothy Evans: An Innocent Man Hanged for
List of exonerated death row inmates
List_of_exonerated_death_row_inmates
British author and biographer
Roman Catholic family in Birkenhead, is married to Sir Jonathan Bate, Shakespeare scholar and former Provost of Worcester College, Oxford. Paula Byrne's
Paula_Byrne
considers they may be forgeries and scornfully dismisses him. September 5–7 – English actor-manager David Garrick stages a Shakespeare Jubilee festival in
1769_in_literature
Irish playwright and songwriter
to 1694 A.D. (London: The New Shakespeare Society/N. Trübner & Co., 1886), p. 242. Charles A. Read: The Cabinet of Irish Literature vol. 1 (London: Blackie
Thomas_Duffet
Fictional poet and literary hoax
lifting words and phrases from the Concise Oxford Dictionary, a Collected Shakespeare, and a Dictionary of Quotations: "We opened books at random, choosing
Ern_Malley_hoax
American documentary TV series
stories are told. The case inspired the song "I Don't Like Mondays" by Irish punk rock group The Boomtown Rats. The Canadian Juvenile Law prohibits the
Deadly_Women
Anglo-Irish satirist and cleric (1667–1745)
Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Irish writer, essayist, satirist, and Anglican cleric. He was the author of the satirical prose
Jonathan_Swift
List of cases featuring Fictional British detective Sexton Blake
Criminals' Confederation The Union Jack (2nd Series) 1,192 The Secret of Shakespeare's Skull Anon. (Gwyn Evans) The Union Jack (2nd Series) 1,193 Ruff Hanson
Sexton Blake bibliography part 2: 1912–1945
Sexton_Blake_bibliography_part_2:_1912–1945
Scottish author and critic (1844–1912)
The Puzzle of Dickens's Last Plot (1905) The Clyde Mystery. A Study in Forgeries and Folklore (1905) Adventures among Books (1905) Homer and His Age (1906)
Andrew_Lang
Historical account of facts and events
Poloniae – Poland Annals of Inisfallen – Ireland Annals of Lough Cé – Ireland Annals of the Four Masters – Ireland Annals of Spring and Autumn – China Annals
Chronicle
German TV June 27, 1999 (1999-06-27) A German television production of Shakespeare's famous play. 194 10 It Lives By Night (The Bat People) 1974, Color,
List of Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes
List_of_Mystery_Science_Theater_3000_episodes
Poem by Sir Walter Scott
the work was clear from the outset. Moreover, Surtees sent Scott two forgeries of his own, an account in Latin of a ghostly combat and a ballad, both
Marmion_(poem)
British journalist and fascist (1899–1973)
Stratford-upon-Avon Herald, then as a public relation officer at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre. In 1928, he edited the short-lived monthly Shakespearean
A._K._Chesterton
American actor (born 1958)
Don't Tell Me What to Do 1997: One Less Thing to Worry About 1998: Recent Forgeries 1999: The Other Parade 1999: One Man's Meat 1999: Live at Beyond Baroque
Viggo_Mortensen
English actor-manager (1757–1823)
newly discovered work of William Shakespeare, but which turned out to be a forgery by a teenager named William Henry Ireland, who had enlisted Richard Brinsley
John_Philip_Kemble
First-hand account of information
secular power. Among the earliest forgeries are false Anglo-Saxon charters, a number of 11th- and 12th-century forgeries produced by monasteries and abbeys
Primary_source
Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC
republish his 1594 play Cleopatra in 1607. He was followed by William Shakespeare, whose Antony and Cleopatra, largely based on Plutarch, was first performed
Cleopatra
English spy and statesman (1532–1590)
colonisation, the development of the English navy and the plantations of Ireland. He worked to bring Scotland and England together. His foreign policy demonstrated
Francis_Walsingham
English writer and polymath (1709–1784)
History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia (1759) and The Plays of William Shakespeare (1765). In 1763, he befriended James Boswell, with whom he travelled
Samuel_Johnson
Anti-Catholic Irishman is in town and is the target of a sharpshooter. 303 16 "Shakespeare's Beard" Gary Harvey Maureen Jennings March 3, 2025 (2025-03-03) A Shakespearean
List of Murdoch Mysteries episodes
List_of_Murdoch_Mysteries_episodes
Social class in late medieval/early modern England
and given command of the 16,000-man Irish invasion force. Shakespeare wrote Henry V to rally support for the Ireland invasion. The play followed naturally
Yeoman
Mythical King of England
104. ISBN 9781916905122. Hiatt, Alfred (2004). The making of medieval forgeries: false documents in fifteenth-century England. The British Library studies
King_Gurgunt
Town and civil parish in Shropshire, England
considered that the landscape around the town may be the inspiration for Shakespeare's play As You Like It, a belief reflected in cultural programming in the
Wem
2010 film by Christopher Nolan
Graham Greene-type diplomat; sort of faded, shabby, grandeur—the old Shakespeare lovey mixed with somebody from Her Majesty's Special Forces", who wears
Inception
American comedian, actor, musician and writer (born 1945)
bars, and treating women as sex objects.' With apologies to William Shakespeare, this is like calling Hamlet a play about a castle [...] I will finance
Steve_Martin
British poet (1788–1824)
satirical pamphlet Irish Avatar after the royal visit by King George IV to Ireland. Byron criticised the attitudes displayed by the Irish people towards the
Lord_Byron
American politician (1829–1888)
He also practiced his oratory by reciting passages from the Bible, Shakespeare, and British Whigs including Thomas Babington Macaulay, Edmund Burke
Roscoe_Conkling
group of connoisseurs. On 18 January 1806, it opens the former Boydell Shakespeare Gallery on Pall Mall as the "British Gallery", and it alternates the
Timeline of London (19th century)
Timeline_of_London_(19th_century)
story writer, publisher, editor My Life and Loves, The Bomb, The Man Shakespeare and his Tragic Life Story, The Veils of Isis, and Other Stories, Oscar
2002_in_public_domain
Anglo-Irish writer and cleric (1713–1768)
and succeeded in suppressing her letters to him, though some blatant forgeries were produced in a volume of Eliza's Letters to Yorick. Less than a month
Laurence_Sterne
American theologian, minister and writer (1843 – 1921)
testimony that he was an enthusiastic reader and that he had studied Shakespeare and Homer.[unreliable source?] In 1861, Scofield was visiting relatives
C._I._Scofield
French writer and philosopher (1694–1778)
Literary Culture, 1790–1805. Rodopi. p. 100. Burke, Tony (2017). Fakes, Forgeries, and Fictions: Writing Ancient and Modern Christian Apocrypha: Proceedings
Voltaire
Alcoholic drink made from grapes
drinking leads imbibers to the grave. Wine negatively affects several Shakespeare characters, such as Cassio in Othello and the Duke of Clarence in Richard
Wine
American cartoonist and humorist (1909–1979)
reader. According to Capp's brother Elliot, Alfred had finished all of Shakespeare and George Bernard Shaw before he was 13 years old. Among his childhood
Al_Capp
President of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985
Nyerere published widely. He wrote poetry, and translated William Shakespeare's plays Julius Caesar and The Merchant of Venice into Swahili, publishing
Julius_Nyerere
British actress (1929–1993)
daughter of a famous art collector, whose collection consists entirely of forgeries that are about to be exposed as fakes. Her character plays the part of
Audrey_Hepburn
Medieval Italian history source publication
Muratori was well aware that many ancient manuscripts were, in fact, forgeries. Daniel Paperbroch, drafting the Bollandist Acta Sanctorum, set the rules
Rerum_italicarum_scriptores
playwright (Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead) and screenwriter (Shakespeare in Love, Empire of the Sun), five-time Tony winner. Klaus von Trotha
Deaths_in_November_2025
Presenting another author's work as own original work
2018-12-07 at the Wayback Machine (2010) Eco, Umberto (1987) Fakes and Forgeries in Versus, Issues 46–48, republished in 1990 in The limits of interpretation
Plagiarism
Filipino nationalist, writer, and polymath (1861–1896)
character in multiplayer, alongside other historical figures such as William Shakespeare and Winston Churchill. He can be unlocked by completing the single-player
José_Rizal
the Richardsons come clean to Archie, explaining that it is one of many forgeries perfected by Brian and given to a middle man whom they only know as "Picasso"
List_of_Minder_episodes
end violence in Northern Ireland. 9 September – The Royal Shakespeare Company opens a memorable production of Shakespeare's Macbeth at The Other Place
1976_in_the_United_Kingdom
American journalist and writer (1817–1885)
called the Gazette a record of "horrid murders, outrageous robberies, bold forgeries, astounding burglaries, hideous rapes, vulgar seductions, and recent exploits
George_Wilkes
Study of the past
involves distinguishing between original works, copies, and deceptive forgeries. Internal criticism evaluates the content of a source, typically beginning
History
French rebel groups that fought Nazi Germany in World War II
Importance' Finally Gets Her Due". NPR.org. Retrieved 10 October 2020. Shakespeare, Nicholas (4 September 2015). "The truth behind the French Resistance"
French_Resistance
Chapone – Miscellanies William Combe – Letters from Eliza to Yorick (forgeries supposed to be from Eliza Draper to Laurence Sterne) Charles Johnstone
1775_in_literature
Fictional detective by William Hope Hodgson
prose stories, letters, maps, guidebooks, magazines and even a lost Shakespeare folio. Carnacki features most prominently in a short story "What Ho,
Carnacki
Maria Roche's The Children of the Abbey. Samuel Ireland publishes a collection of Shakespearean forgeries in his Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments
1796_in_Great_Britain
Traditional British puppet show
the words of Speaight, Collier is someone of whom "the full list of his forgeries has not yet been reckoned, and the myths he propagated are still being
Punch_and_Judy
his friend Robert Southey. March – William Henry Ireland first displays his Shakespearean forgeries to the public. They will inspire a major controversy
1795_in_literature
travel, tourism, insurance
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : ethnic name for someone from Ireland, Old English Īraland. The country gets its name from the genitive case of Old English Īras ‘Irishmen’ + land ‘land’. The stem Īr- is taken from the Celtic name for Ireland, Èriu, earlier Everiu. The surname is especially common in Liverpool, England, which has a large Irish population.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly northern Ireland)
English (mainly northern Ireland) : variant of Stenson 1.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish (chiefly northern Ireland)
English and Scottish (chiefly northern Ireland) : variant of Hawthorne.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern Ireland)
English (northern Ireland) : probably a variant of Blakeney.
Male
French
Norman French form of German Hrodland, ROLAND means "famous land."Â
Surname or Lastname
English (northern Ireland)
English (northern Ireland) : patronymic from a pet form of Herbert.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, German, Latin, Spanish, Teutonic
Renowned in the Land; From the Pointed Hill; Form of Roland
Surname or Lastname
English (Ireland)
English (Ireland) : variant of Hyslop.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English schak(k)en ‘to brandish’ + speer ‘spear’, nickname for a belligerent person or perhaps a bawdy nickname for an exhibitionist or womanizer.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern Ireland)
English (northern Ireland) : from a pet form of Hodge.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern Ireland)
English (northern Ireland) : variant of Blakely.
Girl/Female
Latin Shakespearean
Lost. Perdita was the heroine of Shakespeare's play 'The Winter's Tale'.
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Island meadow.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern Ireland)
English (northern Ireland) : variant of Blakely.
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian name derived from Old Norse örlendr, ERLAND means "foreigner, stranger."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Kirkland.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish (chiefly northern Ireland)
English and Scottish (chiefly northern Ireland) : variant of Hawthorne.
Surname or Lastname
English (Ireland)
English (Ireland) : patronymic from the personal name Hodgin.
Surname or Lastname
English (now mainly East Midlands) and Scottish
English (now mainly East Midlands) and Scottish : topographic name for someone who lived on land belonging to the Church, from northern Middle English kirk ‘church’ + land ‘land’. There are several villages named with these elements, for example in Cumbria, and in some cases the surname will have arisen from these. Exceptionally, Kirkland in Lancashire has as its second element Old Norse lundr ‘grove’.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English, Irish
Island Meadow; From the Rye Land
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
IRELAND SHAKESPEARE-FORGERIES
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