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History of the FreeBSD operating system
The final release of FreeBSD 2, 2.2.8-RELEASE, was announced on 29 November 1998. FreeBSD 2.0 was the first version of FreeBSD to be claimed legally
FreeBSD_version_history
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). The first version was released in
FreeBSD
Releases of Debian GNU/Linux, a computer operating system
provided in the unstable distribution. This release did not feature the FreeBSD port, although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it
Debian release version history
Debian_release_version_history
minimal version of FreeBSD. NAS4Free fork of 0.7 FreeNAS version, Network attached storage server. Nokia IPSO (IPSO SB variant), the FreeBSD-based OS
History of the Berkeley Software Distribution
History_of_the_Berkeley_Software_Distribution
OS-level virtualisation
OS-level virtualisation that allows system administrators to partition a FreeBSD-derived computer system into several independent mini-systems called jails
FreeBSD_jail
FreeBSD package management system
The FreeBSD Ports collection is a package management system for the FreeBSD operating system. Ports in the collection vary with contributed software.
FreeBSD_Ports
Enterprise NAS for File, Object, Block Storage Solutions
Olivier Cochard-Labbé in October 2005, based on the m0n0wall firewall and FreeBSD 6.0. Volker Theile joined the project in 2006 and later assumed its leadership
TrueNAS
performance improvements. Firefox 62 was released on September 5, 2018. FreeBSD support was added for WebAuthn, a preference that allows users to distrust
Firefox_version_history
Distributed version control software system
local copy of the entire repository, also known as the "repo", with history and version-tracking abilities, independent of network access or a central server
Git
Series of free software licenses
and Linux distributions have application repositories, including NetBSD, FreeBSD, Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. These specific application repositories all
GNU_General_Public_License
1979 minicomputer operating system
version. More recent systems have seen incredible growth in the number of supported system calls. As of December 2025 Linux 6.18 has 470, and FreeBSD
Version_7_Unix
Unix-like operating system
Prior to GhostBSD 18.10, the project was based on FreeBSD. In May 2018 it was announced that future versions of the operating system would be based on TrueOS
GhostBSD
Computer operating system
released by Apple in 2000. It is composed of code derived from NeXTSTEP, FreeBSD and other BSD operating systems, Mach, and other free software projects'
Darwin_(operating_system)
Open-source web browser project
Chromium name and logo. Thus many Linux distributions do this, as well as FreeBSD and OpenBSD.[citation needed] Chromium also forms the basis of Electron
Chromium_(web_browser)
Free and open-source web browser
experimental support for FreeBSD and macOS. Basilisk is an updated fork of Firefox designed to look and feel similar to versions before the underlying backend
Basilisk_(web_browser)
Free and open-source personal information manager by Mozilla
cross-platform application, Thunderbird is available for Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, OpenIndiana, Android, and Linux. The project strategy was originally modeled
Mozilla_Thunderbird
General-purpose programming language
on October 13, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2014. "Man Page for lint (freebsd Section 1)". unix.com. May 24, 2001. Retrieved July 15, 2014. Hardison
C_(programming_language)
Version 6 of the Internet Protocol
protocol it uses. On some systems, e.g., the Linux kernel, NetBSD, and FreeBSD, this feature is controlled by the socket option IPV6_V6ONLY. The address
IPv6
Standards for operating systems for using the UNIX trademark
25, 2023. "FreeBSD C99 and POSIX conformance project". FreeBSD Project. Archived from the original on December 23, 2013. pax(1) – FreeBSD General Commands
Single_UNIX_Specification
Linux standard for directory structure
such as the Version 7 Unix hier(7) from 1979, the SunOS 4.x filesystem(7) and its successor, the Solaris filesystem(7), and the FreeBSD hier(7). Hierarchical
Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard
repositories act as peers, and users typically have a local repository with version history available, in addition to their working copies. Concurrency model,
Comparison of version-control software
Comparison_of_version-control_software
or adding features while staying largely compatible with FreeBSD, NetBSD, or OpenBSD. FreeBSD is a free Unix-like operating system descended from AT&T
List_of_BSD_operating_systems
Free and open-source operating system
operating system forked from FreeBSD 4.8. Matthew Dillon, an Amiga developer in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and FreeBSD developer between 1994 and 2003
DragonFly_BSD
Free and open-source VPN protocol
removed from FreeBSD 13.0, still in testing, after an urgent code cleanup in FreeBSD WireGuard could not be completed quickly. FreeBSD-based pfSense
WireGuard
multiple document interface allowed by previous versions. Opera 6.1 was the first release for FreeBSD. On October 24, 2001, Microsoft blocked users of
History of the Opera web browser
History_of_the_Opera_web_browser
operating system based on NeXT's NeXTSTEP and incorporating parts of the FreeBSD kernel. Aimed at consumers and professionals alike, Mac OS X married the
History_of_Apple_Inc.
Character encoding standard
facto standard encoding for the interchange of Unicode text. It is used by FreeBSD and most recent Linux distributions as a direct replacement for legacy
Unicode
Open-source implementation of ZFS file system
Dawidek ported ZFS to FreeBSD, and it has been part of FreeBSD since version 7.0. This includes zfsboot, which allows booting FreeBSD directly from a ZFS
OpenZFS
Software documentation on Unix systems
(19 February 2013). "announcing mdoc.su, short manual page URLs". freebsd-doc@freebsd.org (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 7 August 2014.
Man_page
Shell command for listing files
Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Version 5 from The Open Group ls(1) – FreeBSD General Commands Manual ls(1) – NetBSD General Commands
Ls
Unix operating system
versions of BSD's command-line networking tools since Windows 2000. Darwin, the basis for Apple's macOS and iOS, is based on 4.4BSD-Lite2 and FreeBSD
Berkeley Software Distribution
Berkeley_Software_Distribution
C compiler for Unix and Unix-like operating systems
to supplant the GNU C Compiler on BSD-based operating systems, though FreeBSD and NetBSD are both looking to Clang as a potential replacement, and Theo
Portable_C_Compiler
Shell command for scheduling periodic jobs
original on 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2021-01-19. "FreeBSD File Formats Manual for CRONTAB(5)". The FreeBSD Project. Archived from the original on 2017-02-01
Cron
Free and open-source real-time strategy video game
future. The game is cross-platform, playable on Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD. It is free and open-source, composed entirely of free software
0_A.D._(video_game)
Program on Unix and Unix-like systems
Retrieved 2020-09-05. The Wikibook Guide to Unix has a page on the topic of: Commands head manual page from GNU coreutils. FreeBSD documentation for head
Head_(Unix)
Filesystem in Unix-like operating systems
space programs, the FreeBSD kernel also provides linprocfs that is similar to the Linux procfs. It was removed from OpenBSD in version 5.7, which was released
Procfs
Operating system for Apple computers
proprietary Unix operating system, derived from OPENSTEP for Mach and FreeBSD, which has been marketed and developed by Apple since 2001. It is the current
MacOS
(XBD), Issue 4, Version 2 (August 1994).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link) "FreeBSD Manual Pages: time". man.freebsd.org. July 7, 2020
List_of_POSIX_commands
Distributed file synchronization system
available for a variety of operating systems, including: Debian Ubuntu Fedora FreeBSD Arch Linux NixOS Guix Gentoo OpenBSD Android macOS (via Homebrew) Windows
Git-annex
Firewall distribution
OPNsense is an open source, FreeBSD-based firewall and routing software developed by Deciso, a company in the Netherlands that makes hardware and sells
OPNsense
Closed source version of Unix developed by SCO
owned by Xinuos. Early versions of OpenServer were based on UNIX System V, while the later OpenServer 10 is based on FreeBSD 10. However, OpenServer
OpenServer
Virtualization module in the Linux kernel
linux-kvm.org. Retrieved 2026-04-24. "FreeBSD Quarterly Status Report: Porting Linux KVM to FreeBSD". freebsd.org. Retrieved 2026-04-24. "KVM on illumos"
Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine
current use are FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD, which are all derived from 386BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite, by various routes. Both NetBSD and FreeBSD started life
Comparison of BSD operating systems
Comparison_of_BSD_operating_systems
Free and open-source software versioning and revision control system
Concurrent Versions System (CVS). The open source community has used Subversion widely: for example, in projects such as Apache Software Foundation, FreeBSD, SourceForge
Apache_Subversion
Distributed revision-control tool for software developers
supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and other Unix-like systems, such as FreeBSD and macOS. Mercurial's major design goals include high performance and
Mercurial
File archiver
command-line utilities RAR and UNRAR which are also released for macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, and in the past for Windows CE, MS-DOS and OS/2. RAR/DOS started as a
WinRAR
Software interface for Unix-like systems
a bridge to the actual kernel interfaces. FUSE is available for Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD (as puffs), OpenSolaris, Minix 3, macOS, MorphOS (as filesysbox
Filesystem_in_Userspace
Free and open-source wiki software
associated history page from which the user can access every version of the page that has ever existed and generate diffs between two versions of his choice
MediaWiki
Web browser made by Mozilla
been ported to FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, OpenIndiana, OS/2, ArcaOS, SkyOS, RISC OS and BeOS/Haiku, and an unofficial rebranded version called Timberwolf
Firefox
6) A Brief History of FreeBSD, by Jordan Hubbard UNESCO Free Software Portal Infinite Hands, a free licensed folk song about the history of free software
History of free and open-source software
History_of_free_and_open-source_software
Unix-like, desktop-oriented operating system
server-oriented operating system built upon the most recent releases of FreeBSD-CURRENT. Up to 2018, it aimed to be easy to install by using a graphical
TrueOS
Free forge based on Git written in Go
TypeScript. Gitea can be hosted on all platforms supported by Go including FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, OpenBSD, and Windows. The project is funded on Open Collective
Gitea
File synchronization protocol and software
SFU), FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and macOS. A command line to mirror FreeBSD might look like: $ rsync -avz --delete ftp4.de.FreeBSD.org::FreeBSD/ /pub/FreeBSD/
Rsync
Free and open-source productivity software suite
by community members, as is the case for BSD (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD) and OpenIndiana. Earlier versions of LibreOffice and its predecessors, including
LibreOffice
Shell command and system call that changes the apparent root directory
cover most of the chroot() topics. To make it useful for virtualization, FreeBSD expanded the concept and in its 4.0 release in 2000 introduced the jail
Chroot
Operating system
surveyed 4330 individual BSD users, showing that 32.8% used OpenBSD, behind FreeBSD with 77%, ahead of NetBSD with 16.3% and DragonFly BSD with 2.6%. However
OpenBSD
Computer operating system kernel
kernel was updated with code derived from OSF MK 7.3 from OSF, and the FreeBSD project, and the DriverKit was replaced with new API on a restricted subset
XNU
Video editing software
open-source, cross-platform video, audio, and image editing program for FreeBSD, Linux, macOS and Windows. Started in 2011 by Dan Dennedy, Shotcut is developed
Shotcut
Screen recording and streaming app
application. It is available for Windows, macOS, Linux distributions, and FreeBSD. The OBS Project raises funds on Open Collective and Patreon. OBS Studio
OBS_Studio
system version. More recent systems have seen incredible growth in the number of supported system calls. Linux 3.2.0 has 380 system calls and FreeBSD 8.0
History_of_Unix
Aspect of computing history
Software Distribution. Apple's macOS is also based on Unix via NeXTSTEP and FreeBSD. The Pick operating system was another operating system available on a
History_of_operating_systems
Version control system for source code
Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Version 5 from The Open Group sccs(1) – FreeBSD General Commands Manual sccs(1) – Solaris 11.4 User
Source_Code_Control_System
File format and file archiver program
have the potential to overwrite existing files. However, modern versions of FreeBSD and GNU tar do not create or extract absolute paths and parent-directory
Tar_(computing)
Network standard
for FreeBSD". Mellanox. Retrieved 19 September 2018. Mellanox Technologies (3 December 2015). "FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual, mlx5en". FreeBSD Man
InfiniBand
Linux distribution
is FreeBSD's coreutils and its version number corresponds to the versioning of FreeBSD releases. The tools from FreeBSD are complemented with utilities
Chimera_Linux
Fictional character
carries a trident to symbolize a software daemon's forking of processes. The FreeBSD web site has noted Evi Nemeth's 1988 remarks about cultural-historical
BSD_Daemon
Distribution of TeX and related software
Ubuntu, Termux and Gentoo. Other Unix operating systems like OpenBSD, FreeBSD and NetBSD have also converted from teTeX to TeX Live. The project was
TeX_Live
Compiler front-end
booting FreeBSD kernel on i386/amd64". Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018. Building FreeBSD with Clang, Wiki.freebsd.org
Clang
Lightweight Unix shell
(/bin/sh) on FreeBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, MINIX, and in some Linux distributions, such as Alpine Linux. MINIX 3.2 used the original ash version, whose test
Almquist_shell
American multinational technology company
drivers for X.Org and an open-source library that interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary graphics software. Nvidia also provided
Nvidia
Free and open source raster graphics editor
available on Microsoft Windows, Linux and macOS. It is licensed under version 3.0 or later of the GNU General Public License (GPL). The GIMP project
GIMP
Internet Protocol encapsulation for serial ports and router connections
IETF Datatracker. 1 June 1988. "slattach(8)". man.freebsd.org. Torvalds, Linus (13 May 2023). "History for mkiss.c". GitHub. Retrieved 13 May 2023. Torvalds
Serial_Line_Internet_Protocol
Research group at University of California, Berkeley
(interim) BSD, a special version which used BBN's TCP/IP stack. 4.2 BSD, which included BSD's own, full, TCP/IP stack, FFS, and NFS. FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD
Computer Systems Research Group
Computer_Systems_Research_Group
Copy-on-write file system
OpenSolaris in 2005. During 2005 to 2010, the open source version of ZFS was ported to Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. After Oracle Corporation acquired Sun in 2009–2010
ZFS
DragonFly BSD - history. DragonFly Project. FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE Announcement. FreeBSD Project. Adrian Chadd (May 10, 2015). "numa(4)". FreeBSD Manual Pages
Comparison of operating system kernels
Comparison_of_operating_system_kernels
E-book format
Versions of EPUB". International Digital Publishing Forum. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2017-05-10. "1.1 EPUB Revision History"
EPUB
Unix shell based on and compatible with the C shell
the native root shell for some BSD-based systems, including FreeBSD 13 and earlier. (FreeBSD 14 changed the default root shell to sh to match the default
Tcsh
Desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS
Beginning with version 2.2.2, released in July 2014, CDE is able to compile under FreeBSD 10 with the default Clang compiler. Since version 2.3.0, released
Common_Desktop_Environment
File system used by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems
support and POSIX1.e ACLs. UFS2 became the supported UFS version starting with FreeBSD 5.0. FreeBSD also introduced soft updates and the ability to make file
Unix_File_System
Command-line interpreter for Unix operating system
Manual: Bash Startup Files". gnu.org. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "FreeBSD Ports: Shells". Freebsd.org. 2014-03-30. Archived from the original on 2021-01-12.
Unix_shell
Audio converter and CD ripper
a free audio converter and CD extractor for Windows, Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD, distributed under the GPL-2.0-or-later. Besides extracting audio from
Fre:ac
Software application used to manipulate PDF documents
for the pikepdf library and is available for Linux, Windows, macOS, and FreeBSD. PDF Arranger is a fork of the abandoned PDF-Shuffler project. PDF-Shuffler
PDF_Arranger
Parameters Used By The Shell". zsh.sourceforge.io. Retrieved 2025-04-22. "dash FreeBSD manual page § "Builtins"". man.freebsd.org. Retrieved 2025-04-22.
Fc_(Unix)
Unix-like operating system
users forking it into the FreeBSD project as well as the separate NetBSD, both of which continue to this day; 386BSD's version 1.0 was released in 1994
386BSD
Domain Name System software
Originally written for POSIX-compatible Unix-like operating system, it runs on FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, macOS, and Linux, as well as Microsoft Windows. Unbound
Unbound_(DNS_server)
Operating system that behaves similarly to Unix
Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal
Unix-like
Operating system
operating system originally forked from FreeBSD 6.1, and periodically updated with code and drivers from later FreeBSD releases. Its default desktop environment
MidnightBSD
Programming language
FoxPro 2.6 for UNIX (FPU26) has been successfully installed on Linux and FreeBSD using the Intel Binary Compatibility Standard (ibcs2) support library.
FoxPro
Standard file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps
Application Binary Interface and Interface Definition FreeBSD Handbook: Binary formats (archived version) FreeBSD elf(5) manual page NetBSD ELF FAQ Linux elf(5)
Executable and Linkable Format
Executable_and_Linkable_Format
Computer software bug occurring in 2038
Library version 2.34 is now available". Sourceware. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024. "arch". www.freebsd.org. Archived
Year_2038_problem
later Unix and Unix-like operating systems: Unix (BSD): 386BSD, BSD/OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, ULTRIX Unix (System V): AIX, A/UX, HP-UX, IRIX
Comparison_of_IRC_clients
Early commercial UNIX operating system
ISBN 0-13-201799-7 Marshall Kirk McKusick (2015), "History of the UNIX System", The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System (2nd ed.), pp. 23–28
UNIX_System_V
Old Unix executable file format
switched formally from a.out to ELF in its 1.5 release in December 2000. FreeBSD/i386 switched to ELF as a standard format during the 2.2 to 3.0 transition
A.out
Open source web server and a reverse proxy server
Constantine A. (24 February 2013). "mdoc.su – Short manual page URLs for FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and DragonFly BSD". Retrieved 24 December 2014. "NGINX
Nginx
American software company
original on 2014-03-18. Retrieved 2013-08-14. Bob Bruce. "Company History". FreeBSD Mall. Archived from the original on 2013-12-14. Retrieved 2014-06-20
Berkeley_Software_Design
American software company
as pre-built executables for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, and other operating systems. Perforce ALM (formerly Helix ALM) is a suite
Perforce
Cross-platform document-oriented database
on August 12, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2017. "How-To: MongoDB on FreeBSD 10.x". FreeBSD News. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved
MongoDB
Server software for macOS
non-Apple computer platforms. It is currently possible to install it on FreeBSD and several flavours of Linux. The server uses an SQL database for storage
Mac_OS_X_Server
LDAP server software
HP-UX 11i.[citation needed] In late 2016 the project merged experimental FreeBSD support. However, the 389 Directory Server team, as of 2017, is likely
389_Directory_Server
Coreboot distribution with no proprietary code
32-bit or 64-bit operating system, such as Linux or BSD. It was tested on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Libreboot is established as a distribution of coreboot
Libreboot
travel, tourism, insurance
FREEBSD VERSION-HISTORY
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FREEBSD VERSION-HISTORY
FREEBSD VERSION-HISTORY
FREEBSD VERSION-HISTORY
FREEBSD VERSION-HISTORY
FREEBSD VERSION-HISTORY
FREEBSD VERSION-HISTORY
travel, tourism, insurance