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Allotrope of carbon
A fullerene is a molecule composed solely of 3-coordinate carbon. The carbons are usually in the form of 5- and 6-membered rings. Fullerenes are an allotrope
Fullerene
Cage-like allotrope of carbon
Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C 60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons
Buckminsterfullerene
Fullerene molecule with additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed within itself
Endohedral fullerenes, also called endofullerenes, are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed within their inner spheres. The
Endohedral_fullerene
Chemistry of carbon's allotrope fullerene
Fullerene chemistry is a field of organic chemistry devoted to the chemical properties of fullerenes. Research in this field is driven by the need to functionalize
Fullerene_chemistry
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are types of acceptors used in organic solar cells (OSCs). The name Fullerene comes from another type of acceptor-molecule
Non-fullerene_acceptor
Chemical compound
C70 fullerene is the fullerene molecule consisting of 70 carbon atoms. It is a cage-like fused-ring structure which resembles a rugby ball, made of 25
C70_fullerene
Void between celestial bodies
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Outer_space
The solubility of fullerenes is generally low. Carbon disulfide dissolves 8g/L of C60, and the best solvent (1-chloronaphthalene) dissolves 53 g/L. up
Solubility_of_fullerenes
Scientific journal
Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by Taylor & Francis. It covers research in carbon
Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures
Fullerenes,_Nanotubes_and_Carbon_Nanostructures
Fullerene whiskers are thin rods composed of fullerene molecules, such as C60, C70, or their mixtures. Hollow fullerene whiskers are called fullerene
Fullerene_whiskers
Polyhedral graph with 26 vertices and 39 edges
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the 26-fullerene graph is a polyhedral graph with V = 26 vertices and E = 39 edges. Its planar embedding has
26-fullerene_graph
Type of chemical compound
Exohedral fullerenes, also called exofullerenes, are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters attached their outer spheres, such as C50Cl10
Exohedral_fullerene
intrinsic polymeric fullerenes, or more often all C60 polymers. Fullerene can be part of a polymer chain in many different ways. Fullerene-containing polymers
Polyfullerene
Materials made only out of carbon
physical properties of fullerenes are still under heavy study, in both pure and applied research labs. In April 2003, fullerenes were under study for potential
Allotropes_of_carbon
Compact notation for chemical compounds
This notation was proposed in 1991 with the discovery of fullerene cages (endohedral fullerenes), which can trap atoms such as La to form, for example,
Chemical_formula
Carbon-containing chemical compound
Different forms (allotropes) of pure carbon, such as diamond, graphite, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are also excluded because they are simple substances
Organic_compound
corresponding fullerene compounds. 20-fullerene (dodecahedral graph) 24-fullerene (Hexagonal truncated trapezohedron graph) 26-fullerene graph 60-fullerene (truncated
List_of_graphs
Near-miss Johnson solid with 16 faces
solid. As a fullerene, it is called tetrahedral fullerene or C28 fullerene, and has been suggested as the smallest stable carbon fullerene. This structure
Truncated_triakis_tetrahedron
Chinese chemist
Su-Yuan Xie, is a Chinese inorganic chemist whose research focuses on fullerene chemistry and carbon cluster chemistry. He is a professor at Xiamen University
Xie_Suyuan
Chemical compound
not really a car. Rather, it was designed to answer the question of how fullerenes move about on metal surfaces; specifically, whether they roll or slide
Nanocar
Type of organic solar cell
Polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells are a type of organic solar cell that generate electricity using a blend of a conductive polymer and
Polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell
Polymer-fullerene_bulk_heterojunction_solar_cell
Chemical element with atomic number 6 (C)
Well-known allotropes include graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon, and fullerenes. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form
Carbon
hydrocarbon with curved convex or concave surfaces. Examples include fullerenes, nanotubes, corannulenes, helicenes and sumanene. The molecular orbitals
Geodesic_polyarene
Typographical symbol (@)
molecules. For instance, La@C60 means lanthanum inside a fullerene cage. See article Endohedral fullerene for details. In Malagasy, @ is an informal abbreviation
At_sign
Medal of achievement in carbon science and technology
of fullerene) 1997 Harry Kroto (University of Sussex, co-discoverer of fullerene) 1997 Richard Smalley (Rice University, co-discoverer of fullerene) 2001
Carbon_Medal
it from other 30-vertex fullerenes. This shape also plays a central role in the construction of higher-dimensional fullerenes. Hutchinson, Joan; Wagon
Errera_graph
Type of photovoltaic
and a fullerene-based electron acceptor. Illumination of this system by visible light leads to electron transfer from the polymer to a fullerene molecule
Organic_solar_cell
Chemical compounds containing spheroidical carbon compounds
A transition metal fullerene complex is a coordination complex wherein fullerene serves as a ligand. Fullerenes are typically spheroidal carbon compounds
Transition metal fullerene complex
Transition_metal_fullerene_complex
Technology with features near one nanometer
also invented the analogous atomic force microscope that year. Second, fullerenes (buckyballs) were discovered in 1985 by Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley,
Nanotechnology
Reflection nebula in the constellation Cepheus
that clearly show the presence of carbon fullerenes (C60) making it the first firm detection of neutral fullerenes in interstellar space and one of the largest
Iris_Nebula
Geometric operation which truncates the edges of polyhedra
VRML model Chamfered cube 3.2.7. Systematic numbering for (C80-Ih) [5,6] fullerene Fullerene C80 [2] (Number 7 -Ih) [3] How to make a chamfered cube
Chamfer_(geometry)
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Water
Goldberg polyhedron with 42 faces
distinguishing it from other less-symmetric 80-vertex fullerenes. It is one of only four fullerenes found by Deza, Deza & Grishukhin (1998) to have a skeleton
Chamfered_dodecahedron
Type of solid bitumen, or rock containing solid bitumen
fullerenes has resulted in shungite being of interest to researchers as a natural reservoir, though shungite is not uniquely enriched in fullerenes compared
Shungite
Polyhedron made from triangles that approximates a sphere
geodesic polyhedra, and some pollen grains are based on geodesic polyhedra. Fullerene molecules have the shape of Goldberg polyhedra. Geodesic polyhedra are
Geodesic_polyhedron
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
form endohedral fullerene compounds, where a xenon atom is trapped inside a fullerene molecule. The xenon atom trapped in the fullerene can be observed
Xenon
Endohedral fullerene containing molecular hydrogen
Endohedral hydrogen fullerene (H2@C60) is an endohedral fullerene containing molecular hydrogen. This chemical compound has a potential application in
Endohedral_hydrogen_fullerene
Chemical compounds containing at least one xenon atom
form endohedral fullerene compounds, where a xenon atom is trapped inside a fullerene molecule. The xenon atom trapped in the fullerene can be observed
Xenon_compounds
Chemical compound containing a noble gas element
Noble gases can also form endohedral fullerene compounds where the noble gas atom is trapped inside a fullerene molecule. In 1993, it was discovered that
Noble_gas_compound
Chemical compound
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Potassium_cyanide
American philosopher, architect and inventor (1895–1983)
popularized the widely known geodesic dome; carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their structural and mathematical resemblance
Buckminster_Fuller
Organic ammonia derivative
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Methylamine
Ultrafine particles of silver between 1 nm and 100 nm in size
properties Optical properties Applications Timeline Fullerenes Buckminsterfullerene C70 fullerene Chemistry Health impact Carbon allotropes Other nanoparticles
Silver_nanoparticle
Chemical compounds made of only carbon and oxygen
single-sheet version graphene oxide. More than 20 oxides and ozonides of fullerene are known: C60O (2 isomers) C60O2 (6 isomers) C60O3 (3 isomers) C120O
Oxocarbon
Dust floating in space
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Cosmic_dust
Chemical compound
helium atoms can be confined together without bonding in the cage of a fullerene. Based on molecular orbital theory, He2 should not exist, and a chemical
Helium_dimer
Greek physicist
Fostiropoulos' work contributed essentially to the establishment of fundamental fullerene research as well as its applications. In 2001/2002 he presented a bilayer
Konstantinos_Fostiropoulos
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
unstable if its size is less than about 20 nm and becomes the most stable fullerene (as within graphite) only for molecules larger than 24,000 atoms. Graphene
Graphene
Molecular architecture consisting of an inner space within an external frame
Endohedral fullerene
Macromolecular_cages
High-energy particle, mainly originating outside the Solar System
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Cosmic_ray
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
research team in Vienna demonstrated diffraction for molecules as large as fullerenes. The researchers calculated a de Broglie wavelength of the most probable
Matter_wave
Materials that convert light to energy
metallated porphyrins are ferrocene which serves as an electron donor and fullerene which serves as an electron acceptor. Carotenoids are another class of
Light_harvesting_materials
Use of mathematical groups in magnetochemistry
cerium(III) ion is encapsulated in a C60 cage, the formula of the endohedral fullerene is written as {Ce3+@C603−}. The magnetic properties of the compound are
Double_group
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Titanium_oxide
Life arising from non-living matter
Arturo; García-Lario, Pedro; et al. (20 November 2010). "Formation of Fullerenes in H-Containing Planetary Nebulae". The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Abiogenesis
patented by Japanese researchers T. Koyama and Morinobu Endo. 1985 – Fullerenes discovered. 1987 – Howard G. Tennent of Hyperion Catalysis issued a U
Timeline_of_carbon_nanotubes
Type of carbon nanoparticle
properties Optical properties Applications Timeline Fullerenes Buckminsterfullerene C70 fullerene Chemistry Health impact Carbon allotropes Other nanoparticles
Carbon_quantum_dot
been shown to selectively bind a C60 fullerene within its hole, thus producing a "molecular bearing". The fullerene remains in the ring long enough to be
Cycloparaphenylene
Chemical reaction
The Bingel reaction in fullerene chemistry is a fullerene cyclopropanation reaction to a methanofullerene first discovered by C. Bingel in 1993 with the
Bingel_reaction
Hybrid nanomaterial
Carbon peapod is a hybrid nanomaterial consisting of spheroidal fullerenes encapsulated within a carbon nanotube. It is named due to their resemblance
Carbon_peapod
Nanomaterial
properties Optical properties Applications Timeline Fullerenes Buckminsterfullerene C70 fullerene Chemistry Health impact Carbon allotropes Other nanoparticles
Titanium_dioxide_nanoparticle
Convex polyhedron made from hexagons and pentagons
those GP(m,n) for which m ≠ n and neither is zero. Capsid Geodesic sphere Fullerene#Other buckyballs Conway polyhedron notation Goldberg–Coxeter construction
Goldberg_polyhedron
Canadian astronomer
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Sara_Seager
toxicity in carbon nanomaterials, such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. A review of works on fullerene toxicity by Lalwani et al. found little evidence
Toxicology of carbon nanomaterials
Toxicology_of_carbon_nanomaterials
Chemical substances containing carbon
(diamond, graphite, and the fullerenes) blossomed with the discovery of buckminsterfullerene in 1985, as additional fullerenes and their various derivatives
Carbon_compounds
Materials with granular size 1 to 100 nm
heating and cooking. For instance, the class of nanomaterials called fullerenes are generated by burning gas, biomass, and candle. It can also be a byproduct
Nanomaterials
Science concerned with life in the universe
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Astrobiology
Isotope of hydrogen with one neutron
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Deuterium
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
Universe and are a likely constituent of the primordial sea. PAHs and fullerenes (also implicated in the origin of life) have been detected in nebulae
RNA_world
Species of fungus
interlaced or latticed branches, resembling polyhedra similar to closed fullerenes. Although the immature spherical fruitbodies are reportedly edible, the
Ileodictyon_cibarium
Synthetic allotrope of carbon combining carbon nanotube and a fullerene
carbon nanobud is a material that combines carbon nanotubes and spheroidal fullerenes, both allotropes of carbon, forming "buds" attached to the tubes. Carbon
Carbon_nanobud
Chemical compound
are chemical compounds containing fullerene anions. Common fullerides are derivatives of the most common fullerenes, i.e. C60 and C70. The scope of the
Fulleride
Triumphene is a fluorinated and phenylated fullerene derivative. It was first synthesized in 1998 by Boltalina, Street, and Taylor by reaction of C60F18
Triumphene
Thin sheet made of aggregated carbon nanotubes
"buckytubes". It owes its name to the buckminsterfullerene, the 60 carbon fullerene (an allotrope of carbon with similar bonding that is sometimes referred
Buckypaper
Ion of carbon with three hydrogens
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Methenium
American chemist (1933–2022)
the discovery of the nanomaterial buckminsterfullerene, and hence the fullerene class of materials, along with Richard Smalley (also of Rice University)
Robert_Curl
inorganic nanotubes (INT) and inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles (IF). Subsequently, nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles of many other two-dimensional
Reshef_Tenne
Chemical compound
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Fluoromethylidynium
Molecules which bind other molecules
tweezers binds fullerenes. These "buckycatchers" are composed of two corannulene pincers that complement the surface of the convex fullerene guest (Figure
Molecular_tweezers
Chemical compound
acid methyl ester) is a fullerene derivative being investigated for its potential use in organic solar cells. PCBM is a fullerene derivative of the C60
Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester
Phenyl-C61-butyric_acid_methyl_ester
American chemist and Nobel laureate (1943–2005)
collaboration was the discovery of C60 (known as Buckyballs) and the fullerenes as the third allotropic form of carbon. Smalley recognized that the structure
Richard_Smalley
Chemical element with atomic number 7 (N)
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Nitrogen
Nanomaterial
properties Optical properties Applications Timeline Fullerenes Buckminsterfullerene C70 fullerene Chemistry Health impact Carbon allotropes Other nanoparticles
Iron–platinum_nanoparticle
Matter with biological processes
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Life
Nanotech company
company in the world with an exclusive license to manufacture inorganic fullerene-like tungsten disulfide (IF-WS2) submicron (nanosized) spherical particles
ApNano
Topics referred to by the same term
the Marvel Cinematic Universe an apparatus for producing C60 and other fullerenes Plasma arc waste disposal reactor, a type of waste processing system ARC
Arc_reactor
Toxic chemical compound (NaCN)
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Sodium_cyanide
Group of low-reactive, gaseous chemical elements
ice. Noble gases can form endohedral fullerene compounds, in which the noble gas atom is trapped inside a fullerene molecule. In 1993, it was discovered
Noble_gas
Chemical compound
also been used for the synthesis of liquid crystals and fragments of fullerene. Harper, William L.; Smith, Wesley E. Process for synthesizing truxene;
Truxene
Resonant energy transfer between excitons within adjacent QD's (quantum dots)
properties Optical properties Applications Timeline Fullerenes Buckminsterfullerene C70 fullerene Chemistry Health impact Carbon allotropes Other nanoparticles
Förster_coupling
Triatomic oxygen molecule
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Ozone
Chemical reaction
cyclopropane ring to form the 7-membered ring. and material science (fullerene derivatives). The Buchner ring expansion reaction was first used in 1885
Buchner_ring_expansion
properties Optical properties Applications Timeline Fullerenes Buckminsterfullerene C70 fullerene Chemistry Health impact Carbon allotropes Other nanoparticles
Copper_nanoparticle
Organic compound ((CH3)2CO); simplest ketone
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Acetone
Hypothesis about the origin of life
primordial sea. PAHs, along with fullerenes, have been recently detected in nebulae. Buckyballs, a type of fullerene, have been identified in the interstellar
PAH_world_hypothesis
Chemical group (NH2)
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Amino_radical
Class of chemical compounds
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Ketenimines
Term used in organic chemistry
describe an unusually stable nature of some spherical compounds such as fullerenes and polyhedral boranes. In 2000, Andreas Hirsch and coworkers in Erlangen
Spherical_aromaticity
English chemist (1939–2016)
Chemistry with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley for their discovery of fullerenes. He was the recipient of many other honors and awards. Kroto ended his
Harry_Kroto
Chemical compound with formula NaCl
Benzene Benzonitrile Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball) Butyronitrile C70 fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyclopentindene Ethyl formate Ethylene
Sodium_chloride
FULLERENE
FULLERENE
FULLERENE
FULLERENE
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Scandinavian
Heathland of the Roe Deer; From the Deer Forest
Girl/Female
Tamil
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Love
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Fast; Swift
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Purrington.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Righteous
Girl/Female
Norse German
Strong fighter.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love for Splendid God
Girl/Female
English Celtic Welsh
Friend.
FULLERENE
FULLERENE
FULLERENE
FULLERENE
FULLERENE