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Term used in organic chemistry
In organic chemistry, spherical aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some spherical compounds such as fullerenes and
Spherical_aromaticity
Method of determining aromaticity in organic molecules
March 2022. Hirsch, Andreas; Chen, Zhongfang; Jiao, Haijun (2000). "Spherical Aromaticity in Ih Symmetrical Fullerenes: The 2(N+1)2 Rule". Angew. Chem. Int
Hückel's_rule
Chemical element with atomic number 15 (P)
nature of bonding in a given P4 tetrahedron can be described by spherical aromaticity or cluster bonding, that is the electrons are highly delocalized
Phosphorus
Allotrope of carbon
integer) for spherical aromaticity is the three-dimensional analogue of Hückel's rule. The 10+ cation would satisfy this rule, and should be aromatic. This has
Fullerene
Solid forms of the element phosphorus
nature of bonding in the P4 tetrahedron which can be described by spherical aromaticity or cluster bonding, that is the electrons are highly delocalized
Allotropes_of_phosphorus
Graph operation
PMID 10850758. Hirsch, Andreas; Chen, Zhongfang; Jiao, Haijun (2000). "Spherical Aromaticity in Ih Symmetrical Fullerenes: The 2(N+1)2 Rule". Angewandte Chemie
Goldberg–Coxeter_construction
Hydrocarbon compounds composed of rings fused such that the molecule is nonplanar
five-membered rings incorporated among six-membered rings, makes them spherical whereas graphene remains planar due to the presence of exclusively all
Contorted_aromatics
Species of tree
leaves, small groups of flowers in leaf axils and more or less spherical fruit. The aromatic and acidic fruit is harvested as a bushfood. Acronychia acidula
Acronychia_acidula
Flowering plant and fruit
much as 1 kilogram (2.2 lb), often pear-shaped but sometimes roughly spherical. The seeds contain nitriles, common in the seeds of the rose family. In
Quince
Type of chemical bond in metals
page) Bonding in solids – Classification of bondings Metal aromaticity – Concept of aromaticity extended to metals If the electrons were truly free, their
Metallic_bonding
Manaa, Riad; D. W. Sprehn; H. A. Ichord (2002). "Prediction of Extended Aromaticity for a Novel C48N12 Aza-Fullerene Structure". Journal of the American
Azafullerene
Type of censer originating in the Arabian Peninsula
follow the traditional square shape; with most having a rounded or even spherical exterior. Both traditional and modern mabakhir can range in height from
Mabkhara
Product of a chemical reaction between elements of periodic groups 1–2 and groups 13–16
investigation of 3D aromaticity. This concept was first suggested for fullerenes and corresponds to a 2(N+1)2 rule in the spherical shell model. An indicator
Zintl_phase
Species of flowering plant
called epazote in Mexican cuisine. The plant is characterised by its spherical pollen grains, which are typical in the Asteraceae; a fibrous layer on
Artemisia_cina
Species of tree
the base, small groups of creamy-white flowers and fleshy, more or less spherical, edible fruit. Acronychia oblongifolia grows as a shrub or medium-sized
Acronychia_oblongifolia
Small citrus fruit
in fruit salads. The mandarin is small and oblate, unlike the roughly spherical sweet orange (which is a mandarin-pomelo hybrid). The taste is sweeter
Mandarin_orange
Citrus fruit and plant
opposed to large-fruited acid lime (Tahitian or Persian lime), it has a spherical fruit, 3-6 cm in diameter, sometimes with apical papillae, greenish-yellow;
Key_lime
Twenty-first letter in the Greek alphabet
argument of a complex number. The phase of a wave in signal processing. In spherical coordinates, mathematicians usually refer to ϕ as the polar angle (from
Phi
Species of plant in the amaryllis family
grows up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) tall. It has a leaf base. Its pseudobulb is spherical. The upper part of the bulb is cylindrical. The base is laterally branched
Crinum_asiaticum
Species of plant
Sage seeds are small and almost spherical in shape.
Salvia_officinalis
Genus of palms
[citation needed] The fruits are 150–250 mm (5.9–9.8 in) wide and roughly spherical, and each contains one to three large seeds. Depending on the species
Borassus
Noncovalent molecular interaction
incorporated into the aromatic system (e.g. indole, pyrrole). Conversely, when the lone pair does not contribute to aromaticity (e.g. pyridine), the electronegativity
Cation–π_interaction
Species of tree
galleons docking in the Philippines brought it to Asia. The fruit is spherical-conical, 5–10 centimetres (2–4 inches) in diameter and 6–10 cm (2+1⁄4–4 in)
Annona_squamosa
Type of iron
pentacarbonyl. It usually has the appearance of grey powder, composed of spherical microparticles. Most of the impurities are carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
Carbonyl_iron
Species of plant
(without a petiole). Flowers are pale yellow, tubular, and clustered in spherical bent-down heads (capitula), which are in turn clustered in leafy and branched
Artemisia_absinthium
Species of flowering plant
coated in white sticky glands and sparse hairs. The inflorescence is a spherical cluster of densely packed tiny green flowers located in the leaf axils
Dysphania_pumilio
Chemical compound
the cyanide ions rotate so rapidly that their time-averaged shape is spherical. At low temperature and high pressure, this free rotation is hindered
Potassium_cyanide
Star anise, an evergreen tree
fruit has weaker odour. The seeds in Illicium anisatum are flat or almost spherical. Star anise contains anethole, the same compound that gives anise, an
Illicium_verum
Citrus fruit and plant
diameter. The fruit has a short hard tip, is rich in pectin, and contains spherical or ovoid juice cells with oil glands. Taste: Extremely sour and slightly
Citrus_mangshanensis
Species of plant
It can stand out over the calyx or be enclosed by it. The seeds are spherical or broadly elliptical, and are up to 0.5 mm (1⁄64 in) long with a wavy
Nicotiana_tabacum
Species of plant
narrow lance-shaped leaves, small white flowers in loose panicles and spherical fruit containing a shiny black seed. Other vernacular names include Australian
Geijera_parviflora
Chemical compound (OH–)
metal hydroxides at higher temperatures so as to present itself as a spherical ion, with an effective ionic radius of about 153 pm. Thus, the high-temperature
Hydroxide
Species of plant
Flowering occurs from September to November and the fruit is a flattened spherical drupe 1.8–2.2 mm (0.071–0.087 in) long. Leucopogon australis was first
Leucopogon_australis
Species of mugwort daisy
panicle. The individual flowers are pale yellow, tubular, and clustered in spherical turned-down heads. The central flowers are bisexual while the marginal
Artemisia_argyi
Dust around a star
Circumstellar dust is cosmic dust around a star. It can be in the form of a spherical shell or a disc, e.g. an accretion disk. Circumstellar dust can be responsible
Circumstellar_dust
Hard, dry biscuit
is colloquially known as russ (Urdu: رس). It is either available as a spherical shape that is akin to a bun or as separate rectangular pieces. It is a
Rusk
Species of shrub
gardens. The brightly colored fruits and early flowers along with the spherical growth form make the plant desirable in gardens. It is hardy in USDA zones
Lindera_benzoin
Starch extracted from cassava roots
soluble powder, meal, cooked fine or coarse flakes, rectangular sticks, and spherical "pearls". Pearls are the most widely available shape; sizes range from
Tapioca
Genus of plants
flowers are radially symmetrical. The greenish-yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (M. chamomilla) or lacking (M. discoidea)
Matricaria
Novel drug delivery system
Lipid-based nanoparticles are very small spherical particles composed of lipids. They are a novel pharmaceutical drug delivery system (part of nanoparticle
Lipid-based_nanoparticle
Franco-American food developed by the Cajun people
restaurants and are made by taking the boudin out of the case and frying it in spherical form. Gumbo—Among the best-known elements of Cajun cooking are the soups
Cajun_cuisine
Solar-powered catalysts made from environmentally friendly materials
Vinayagam R, Govarthanan M, Selvaraj R (1 September 2023). "Superparamagnetic spherical magnetite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and catalytic potential"
Green_photocatalyst
Species of tree
about 25–60 mm long by 3–6 mm wide, and very aromatic when crushed. The flowers are cream to pink, with spherical inflorescences, the petals 3–6 mm long. The
Asteromyrtus_angustifolia
Species of tree in North America
balls", "spike balls", or "monkey balls". The fruit is a multicapsular spherical head and hangs on the branches during the winter. The woody capsules are
Liquidambar_styraciflua
Species of plant
wide, and part of the ovaries are attached on the axis. Its berries are spherical and arranged densely on the axis. Sherly Puspita (12 June 2019). "Mengenal
Piper_retrofractum
Chemical compound
sandwich molecular structure, where the electron is trapped within nearly spherical lattice cavities. However, the shortest electron-electron distance is
18-Crown-6
Species of plant in the myrtle family
massive fruit) Moore Nazemetz Opal Star Pineapple Gem Smilax (mid-sized, spherical fruit with smooth texture) Trask Triumph Unique (NZ cultivar, particularly
Feijoa
Dishes developed in the Mughal Empire
ḵẖata'i badami); sweetened puri breads and fried sweet samosa snacks; spherical laddu sweets; and halva. The samosas and puris could be cooked slowly
Mughlai_cuisine
species K. molischiana. Cells of K. molischiana have been described as "spherical to ellipsoidal" in shape. Cells tend to occur singly or in small clusters
Kuraishia_molischiana
Natural object in space that releases gas
Neptune. Long-period comets are thought to originate in the Oort cloud, a spherical cloud of icy bodies extending from outside the Kuiper belt to halfway
Comet
Austronesian ethnic group
rice-preparation; The Buyong, commonly defined by a straight collar and a spherical body, oftentime used as a water jar; The Terenang, the angular Terenang
Malays_(ethnic_group)
System of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule
head-to-head overlap of the larger lobe of each hybrid orbital (or the single spherical lobe of a hydrogen 1s orbital). Each atomic orbital contributes one electron
Conjugated_system
Allotrope of boron
(November 9, 2003). "Hydrocarbon analogues of boron clusters — planarity, aromaticity and antiaromaticity". Nature Materials. 2 (12): 827–833. Bibcode:2003NatMa
Borophene
Species of flowering plant
June to September and is followed by fruit which are dry, oval to almost spherical with a hairy, papery covering and are 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long. Eremophila
Eremophila_canaliculata
Species of plant
fresh corms: No excess soil, softness or decay No bruises or deep cuts Spherical to round shape No major abnormal deformities No roots Approximately 5 cm
Taro
Set of rules pertaining to pericyclic reactions
corresponds to Möbius topology, requiring 4n electrons for aromaticity. To summarize aromatic transition state theory: Thermal pericyclic reactions proceed
Woodward–Hoffmann_rules
Non-orientable surface with one edge
with new electronic characteristics including helical magnetism Möbius aromaticity, a property of organic chemicals whose molecular structure forms a cycle
Möbius_strip
Natural satellites of the planet Saturn
Herschel impact. Enceladus is one of the smallest of Saturn's moons that is spherical in shape—only Mimas is smaller—yet is the only small Saturnian moon that
Moons_of_Saturn
Concept in quantum mechanics
Harmonic analysis One-dimensional periodic case Semicircular potential well Spherical potential well Cox, Heater. Problems and Solutions to accompany Physical
Particle_in_a_ring
Species of tree
of around 30 m (98 ft) in height and has large glossy leaves. It bears spherical clusters of fragrant flowers that develop into golf-ball-sized edible
Nauclea_orientalis
earlier SAFT equations of state that used unbonded spherical particles as a reference fluid, it uses spherical particles in the context of hard chains as reference
PC-SAFT
Species of vine
rotundifolia, is derived from the Latin rotundus, which means "round, spherical", and folium, meaning "leaf.” This is a reference to the rounded character
Vitex_rotundifolia
Life arising from non-living matter
to natural selection. A protocell is a self-organized, self-ordered, spherical collection of lipids proposed as a stepping-stone to life, that is capable
Abiogenesis
Species of tree
tree has drooping branches. The berries ripen in the summer. They are spherical with a diameter of about 5 cm. They have indentations on the top, on the
Garcinia_indica
Species of flowering plant
leaves which are coated in silvery hairs. The inflorescence contains many spherical flower heads each about half a centimeter wide and lined with woolly-haired
Artemisia_frigida
Species of flowering plant
with stalked glands. The flowers are yellow and borne in a more or less spherical head 25–30 mm (0.98–1.18 in) in diameter with white or pink bracts, the
Coronidium_glutinosum
nimona (green peas daal) a Typical north Indian tadka Vegetarian Imarti spherically meshed sweet dish from North India made up of batter from moong dal dipped
List_of_Indian_dishes
seasoning of herbs, oil and spices. Falafel Middle East Popular deep-fried, spherical or patty-shaped fritters made from ground chickpeas and/or broad beans
List_of_Middle_Eastern_dishes
Chemical compound
attaching them directly to the TPz core, or by extending the core aromaticity through fused aromatic rings and attaching the alkyl chains to the extended structure
Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine
Pigment applied over a surface that dries as a solid film
and protecting the resin binder. Most pigments used in paint tend to be spherical, but lamellar pigments, such as glass flake and MIO have overlapping plates
Paint
Inorganic compound (KOH)
is either rapidly or randomly disordered so that it is effectively a spherical anion of radius 1.53 Å (between Cl− and F− in size). At room temperature
Potassium_hydroxide
Denoting by ω their (vector) angular velocity, and assuming the grains to be spherical for simplicity (so they are not wobbling), Larmor's formula gives the
Spinning_dust
Life that does not originate on Earth
also one of the objectives of the Chinese Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) program. In 2020, Dmitry Rogozin, the head of the Russian
Extraterrestrial_life
Root vegetable
Taproots are typically long and conical, although cylindrical and nearly spherical cultivars are available. The root diameter can range from 1 cm (3⁄8 in)
Carrot
Variety of grape
resistance to either. The grape forms compact, cylindrical bunches of spherical, deep blue-black fruit with a colourless pulp. The leaves are large with
Tempranillo
Species of tree
(monoecious). Male flowers are in catkins, female flowers form dense spherical heads, and the fruit is burr-like because of the persistent styles. Liquidambar
Liquidambar_formosana
called a jebena, and boiled. A jebena is usually made of clay and has a spherical base, a neck and pouring spout and a handle where the neck connects with
Culture_of_Eritrea
Species of tree
is shed as permanent tetrads. The fruits vary in shape, heart-shaped, spherical, oblong or irregular. The size ranges from 7–12 cm (3–4+1⁄2 in), depending
Annona_reticulata
Mechanical property that measures stiffness of a solid material
Staines, Michael; Robinson, W. H.; Hood, J. A. A. (September 1981). "Spherical indentation of tooth enamel". Journal of Materials Science. 16 (9). Springer:
Young's_modulus
Human-developed varieties of blueberries
America. The coloring anthocyanins are located in the skin of the nearly spherical, blue berries; their flesh is light-colored. Since the beginning of the
Cultivated_blueberries
Species of plant
in 18 months to orange-red with a variable pink waxy coating; they are spherical, 7–12 mm (1⁄4–1⁄2 in) diameter, and have three or six fused scales in
Juniperus_oxycedrus
Cage-like allotrope of carbon
extract had TEM and X-ray crystal analysis consistent with arrays of spherical C 60 molecules, approximately 1.0 nm in van der Waals diameter as well
Buckminsterfullerene
Type of Italian red wine
dresses the grapes. Their form is lengthened and pyramidal, with small, spherical grapes and substantial peel. The leaves are of average size with three
Barolo
Edible fruit cultivar
juicy, with a rich, sweet and sub-acid flavor, aromatic; quality fair. Pit: small, turgid, almost spherical. Propagation: The cultivar can be grown from
Griotte_de_Kleparow
Species of flowering plant
relative of black pepper and long pepper. Unlike cubeb, which is large and spherical in shape, Ashanti pepper grains are prolate spheroids, smaller and smoother
Piper_guineense
Type of fishing bait
flavourings and aromatic attractants are usually included in the mixture to enhance the olfactory appeal to the fish. The spherical shape also allows
Boilie
Substance that lowers surface tension
critical micelle concentrations. Aggregate of anionic surfactants in water (spherical micelle) Surfactant-oil droplets in water. The oil is dispersed in water
Surfactant
Genus of bacteria
Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities
Azotobacter
Measurement of properties of coal
(sphere) temperature: This is reached when the top of the mould takes on a spherical shape. Hemisphere temperature: This is reached when the entire mould takes
Coal_analysis
early Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Jiao and Liu wrote that land mines were spherical, made of cast iron, and their fuses ignited by a mechanism tripped by
List_of_Chinese_inventions
Species of fungus
prominent red pigment. The older, central region is covered with red, spherical to cylindrical granules. Moving outwards from the center, zones of color
Cryptothecia_rubrocincta
Genus of plants in the myrtle family
(filaments). The fruits are woody, cup-shaped, barrel-shaped, or almost spherical capsules, often arranged in clusters along the stems. The seeds are sometimes
Melaleuca
Southeast Asian traditional rice cake
onde-onde is commonly associated with the process of shaping dough into small spherical forms. Although the two names are often used interchangeably, there are
Klepon
Species of plant
flowers are considerably smaller than female ones. Fruits are berry-type, spherical or nearly so, smooth and hairless, and up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in diameter
Randia_longiloba
Type of microorganism that produces methane as a waste product
mesophilic and grow around neutral pH. Methanogens are usually cocci (spherical) or rods (cylindrical) in shape, but long filaments (Methanobrevibacter
Methanogen
Culinary traditions of Malaysia
Other accompaniments include cucumbers, fried tofu and tempeh. Begedil, spherical fritters made from mashed potato and occasionally ground meat. It is called
Malaysian_cuisine
Culinary traditions of Chinese Malaysian immigrants and their descendants
curry laksa. Fish balls (Chinese: 魚丸、鱼蛋、魚圓) are fish paste shaped into a spherical shape. Usually fish ball is served as a condiment together with rice vermicelli
Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine
Thin, flat piece of glass onto which a sample is placed to be examined under a microscope
range of sizes and thicknesses. Using the wrong thickness can result in spherical aberration and a reduction in resolution and image intensity. Specialty
Microscope_slide
Genus of flowering plants
Ashby Endostemon wakefieldii (Baker) M.Ashby Source: Calyx appearing spherical; fruiting calyx membranous with an open, glabrous throat. Posterior lip
Endostemon
beneficial for flat aromatic structures. The primary advantage of the Hansen-Coppens formalism is its ability to free the model from spherical restraints and
Multipole_density_formalism
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
An Elaborate and Literary Form of Presenting a Story in Verse and Prose
Female
English
English pet form of Greek Barbara, BAB means "foreign; strange."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Meece.German and Dutch : nickname from the bird name mees ‘titmouse’, or a metonymic occupational name for a bird-catcher.Dutch : possibly a metonymic occupational name for a basketweaver, from Middle Dutch mese ‘(fish) basket’.Dutch : patronymic from a short form of the personal name Bartolomeus.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Same as Manav, Gold
Girl/Female
Tamil
Light
Girl/Female
Latin
From France, or free one. Feminine of Francis. Famous bearers: British novelist Frances Burney...
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of life
Girl/Female
French, German
Pure; Little and Womanly; Female Version of Charles
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Australian, Danish, French, Lebanese, Muslim
Newborn Child; Newly-born
Boy/Male
Danish, German, Greek, Swedish
Earth; Rejoice; Pure
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
SPHERICAL AROMATICITY
a.
Spherical.
n.
A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape.
n.
The eye, as luminous and spherical.
n.
A portion of a spherical or other convex surface.
a.
Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal prominences.
a.
Exactly spherical; globular.
a.
Round; circular; spherical.
a.
Round; spherical; starlike.
a.
Having the form of a sphere; like a sphere; globular; orbicular; as, a spherical body.
a.
Having the form of a globe; spherical.
v. t.
To form into roundness; to make spherical, or spheral; to perfect.
a.
Alt. of Spheric
adv.
Spherically.
n.
Freedom from spherical aberration.
a.
Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular.
a.
Globular; spherical; orbicular.
a.
Alt. of Schetical
a.
Made convex; protuberant in a spherical form.
a.
See Spheroidal.
n.
The doctrine of the sphere; the science of the properties and relations of the circles, figures, and other magnitudes of a sphere, produced by planes intersecting it; spherical geometry and trigonometry.