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Plane on which most of a disk-shaped galaxy's mass lies
The galactic plane is the plane on which most of a disk-shaped galaxy's mass lies.[citation needed] The directions perpendicular to the galactic plane point
Galactic_plane
Celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center
center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and the fundamental plane parallel to an approximation of the galactic plane but offset to its north. It uses the right-handed
Galactic_coordinate_system
One of four circular sectors of the Milky Way galaxy
(Southern Galactic Plane Survey) focuses on Romulans". "Galactic quadrants" within Star Wars canon astrography map depicts a top-down view of the galactic disk
Galactic_quadrant
Apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere
inclined to the galactic plane by 60°. Because Earth's rotational axis is not perpendicular to its orbital plane, Earth's equatorial plane is not coplanar
Ecliptic
1985 American crewed spaceflight
mission, and while it did have some problems, it observed 60% of the galactic plane in infrared light. During launch, Challenger experienced multiple sensor
STS-51-F
Galaxy containing the Solar System
visible region of the Milky Way's galactic plane occupies an area of the sky that includes 30 constellations. The Galactic Center lies in the direction of
Milky_Way
Spatial orientation of a galactic plane
A galactic orientation describes the spatial orientation of a galactic plane, where such exists for a given galaxy. For a spiral galaxy, this can be obtained
Galactic_orientation
Local-universe structure
The Supergalactic plane (SGP) is a plane roughly perpendicular to the Galactic plane of the Milky Way. It represents a planar structure in the local distribution
Supergalactic_plane
Area of sky obscured by the Milky Way
the attenuation, interstellar dust and stars in the plane of the Milky Way (the galactic plane) obstruct the view of around 20% of the extragalactic
Zone_of_Avoidance
Region of gravitational attraction in the local universe
difficult to observe at visible wavelengths because it lies behind the galactic plane of the Milky Way, within the Zone of Avoidance. Dust, gas, and foreground
Great_Attractor
Astronomical coordinate system
Way galactic plane) Camelopardalis Ursa Major Coma Berenices (near the Milky Way galactic north pole) Virgo Centaurus Circinus (in the galactic plane) Triangulum
Supergalactic coordinate system
Supergalactic_coordinate_system
Space tourism company
Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. is a British-American spaceflight company founded by Richard Branson and the Virgin Group conglomerate, which retains an
Virgin_Galactic
Astronomical survey
view of the Galactic Plane than is possible at optical wavelengths, due to absorption by material in the disk of the galaxy. The GCS (Galactic) covers an
UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey
UKIRT_Infrared_Deep_Sky_Survey
Astronomical survey
the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) took place from June 2005 until September 2007 and covers 170 square degrees of the galactic plane visible from
Bolocam_Galactic_Plane_Survey
Appearance of the sky in a clear night
half of the galactic plane. Main dark nebulae of the Solar antapex half of the galactic plane. Main stellar associations of the galactic plane in the night
Night_sky
Attractor in the Shapley Supercluster
gravitational pull. Like the Great Attractor, it is obscured by the Milky Way's galactic plane, lying behind the Zone of Avoidance (ZOA), so that in visible light
Shapley_Attractor
System of stars and interstellar matter
account the absorption of light by interstellar dust present in the galactic plane; but after Robert Julius Trumpler quantified this effect in 1930 by
Galaxy
Eschatological beliefs about the year
orbit of the galactic center cause it to regularly pass through the galactic plane. When the Sun's orbit takes it outside the galactic plane which bisects
2012_phenomenon
Structural component of galaxies
the center. The thin disk contributes about 85% of the stars in the Galactic plane and 95% of the total stars in the disk. It can be set apart from the
Thin_disk
Heterogeneous class of stars with unusual spectra
the near-infrared dedicated to discovering this kind of object in the Galactic plane. It is expected that there are fewer than 1,000 WR stars in the rest
Wolf–Rayet_star
Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
The Galactic Center is the barycenter of the Milky Way and a corresponding point on the rotational axis of the galaxy. Its central massive object is a
Galactic_Center
Large structures found in the center of the Milky Way
exist, running perpendicular and parallel to the galactic plane, respectively, away from the Galactic Center. Vertical filaments possess strong magnetic
Galactic_Center_filament
Interstellar comet in 2025
border of the constellations Serpens Cauda and Sagittarius, near the galactic plane. It was given the temporary designation 'A11pl3Z' and the discovery
3I/ATLAS
Class of galaxy that has spiral structures extending from their cores
close to a single plane (the galactic plane) in more or less conventional circular orbits around the center of the galaxy (the Galactic Center), or in a
Spiral_galaxy
Type of star cluster
in a more irregular shape. These were generally found in or near the galactic plane of the Milky Way. Astronomers dubbed the former globular clusters, and
Open_cluster
System for specifying positions of celestial objects
the direction towards the Galactic Center. Galactic latitude resembles the elevation above the galactic plane and galactic longitude determines direction
Astronomical coordinate systems
Astronomical_coordinate_systems
Astronomical phenomenon
with respect to the galactic plane (galactic disc), however, ionization cones usually align with radio sources near the galactic nucleus. The two large
Ionization_cone
Binary stellar systems in the constellation Monoceros
(6.8 parsecs) from the Sun in the constellation Monoceros near the galactic plane. It was discovered in 2013 by astronomer Ralf-Dieter Scholz. In 2015
Scholz's_Star
Constellation split into two non-contiguous parts
galaxies. Part of the Milky Way's galactic plane passes through Serpens Cauda, which is therefore rich in galactic deep-sky objects, such as the Eagle
Serpens
2006 short story collection by Alastair Reynolds
Galactic North is a collection of science fiction short stories by British author Alastair Reynolds, published by Gollancz in 2006. It comprises most of
Galactic_North
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
et Caput Medusae; however, this never came into popular usage. The galactic plane of the Milky Way passes through Perseus, whose brightest star is the
Perseus_(constellation)
Binary star
the "Solar circle", d~8,500 pc, and within 150 pc (~500 ly) of the galactic plane. For comparison, the Sun and other nearby stars have typical speeds
GRO_J1655−40
Largest structures in the universe, made of galaxies
are the largest known structures in the universe, consisting of walls of galactic superclusters. These massive, thread-like formations can commonly reach
Galaxy_filament
Superbubble in the Scutum-Centaurus arm
diameter of approximately 290 pc and extends about 400 pc from the galactic plane, which was derived from a kinematic distance of 3.3 kpc calculated from
Scutum_Supershell
Open cluster in Scorpius
of 204.2 Myr. At present it is 23 ly (7 pc) below the galactic plane, and it will cross the plane every 29.4 Myr. List of open clusters List of Messier
Butterfly_Cluster
Open cluster in the constellation Scutum
The cluster is located 6.8 kpc (22,000 ly) from the Galactic Center, close to the galactic plane, and is not far from its birthplace. A portion of M11
Wild_Duck_Cluster
Star-forming regions in the constellation Cassiopeia
complex [it], situated in a very northern position relative to the galactic plane and first observed by Edwin Hubble. The more visible and extensive areas
Star-forming regions of Cassiopeia
Star-forming_regions_of_Cassiopeia
Number of stars within a unit volume
direction out of the galactic plane. The locations within the Milky Way that have the highest stellar density are the galactic core and the center of
Stellar_density
Sky region containing dark interstellar clouds
the nearby dark cloud of cosmic dust that obscures the middle of the galactic plane of the Milky Way, looking inwards and towards its other radial sectors
Serpens–Aquila_Rift
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
Vega. The plane of the ecliptic lies at an angle of about 60° to the galactic plane. The Sun follows a nearly circular orbit around the Galactic Center (where
Solar_System
Ring of stars in the Milky Way galaxy
Belt is a local ring of stars in the Milky Way, tilted away from the galactic plane by about 16–20 degrees, first reported by John Herschel and Benjamin
Gould_Belt
Type of interstellar cloud that obscures visible light
Main dark nebulae of the solar apex half of the galactic plane
Dark_nebula
Open cluster in Perseus
located at l = 143.04°, b = −3.96° in the galactic coordinate system, and is 120 parsecs above the galactic plane. It is approximately 6m 42s east and 10′
NGC_1220
Region of a galaxy in which life might most likely develop
astrophysics, the galactic habitable zone is the region of a galaxy in which life is most likely to develop. The concept of a galactic habitable zone analyzes
Galactic_habitable_zone
Structural component of some galaxies
number density between 1 and 5 kiloparsecs (3.3 and 16.3 kly) above the galactic plane and, in the solar neighborhood, is composed almost exclusively of older
Thick_disk
1977 radio signal detected as part of SETI
therefore about 19° toward the southeast of the galactic plane, and about 24° or 25° east of the Galactic Center. The region of the sky in question lies
Wow!_signal
Dutch astronomer (1900–1992)
be present to account for the stellar motions perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Comparing this mass to the visible stars and gas, in 1932, he wrote
Jan_Oort
Supernova remnant in the constellation Sagitta
Sagitta. It was identified as a supernova remnant in a study of the galactic plane in the radio continuum at wavelengths of 21 and 11 cm. SNR G054.1+00
G54.1+0.3
Hypothetical Solar System planet
the emission from the galactic nebulae, making detection of Planet Nine thermal emission problematically close to the galactic plane or bulge. A 2025 paper
Planet_Nine
Star at the centre of the Solar System
"north" and "south" of the galactic plane with a different period, around 83 million years, moving about 99 parsecs away from the plane. The point around which
Sun
2010 book by Paul Davies
about habitability on the Galactic Plane. The theory is as such: the Solar System moves up and down relative to the Galactic Plane, in a cycle of 62 million
The_Eerie_Silence
Supernova remnant
is a young supernova remnant (SNR) located in the southern Milky Way Galactic plane. It was discovered in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays by the High
HESS_J1731−347
polarised emission, it extends into the northern galactic hemisphere, roughly perpendicular to the galactic plane. It cannot be seen at optical wavelengths,
North_Polar_Spur
Galaxy in the constellations Cepheus & Cygnus
heavily obscured by interstellar matter due to its location close to the galactic plane of the Milky Way. Due to its prodigious star formation it has been classified
NGC_6946
Region of space
The galactic ridge is a region of the inner galaxy that is coincident with the galactic plane of the Milky Way. It can be seen from Earth as a band of
Galactic_ridge
High-energy particle, mainly originating outside the Solar System
populations correlate with the motion of the Earth relative to the galactic plane and increases in exposure to cosmic rays. The researchers suggest that
Cosmic_ray
Galaxy in the constellation Circinus
in the constellation of Circinus. It is located 4 degrees below the Galactic plane, and, at a distance of 4.0 Mpc (13 Mly), is one of the closest major
Circinus_Galaxy
Topics referred to by the same term
cluster, a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galaxy in the galactic plane Cancer cluster, in biomedicine, an occurrence of a greater-than-expected
Cluster
Interstellar clouds of cosmic dust
skies, the rift appears as clear as the bright bulge of stars around the Galactic Center does to the naked eye or binoculars. The rift is largely between
Great_Rift_(astronomy)
Milky Way superbubble
to be narrower in the galactic plane, becoming somewhat egg-shaped or elliptical, and may widen above and below the galactic plane, becoming shaped like
Local_Bubble
Molecular cloud in constellation Corona Australis
stretches roughly 8ly across. The cloud is located at about 18% below the galactic plane and covers an angular area of 16.0° × 6.5° on the celestial sphere.
Corona Australis Molecular Cloud
Corona_Australis_Molecular_Cloud
Open cluster in the constellation Auriga
4 kpc) from, the Galactic Center. It reaches a peak distance above the galactic plane of 0.29 kly (0.089 kpc) and will cross the plane with a period of
Messier_37
Strong radio source in the constellation of Sagittarius
kpcs or 36,000 light years. and it lies in the galactic plane about the same distance from the Galactic Center as does the Sun. It has been compared to
Westerhout_49
Globular cluster in Ophiuchus
Ophiuchi. M107 is close to the galactic plane and about 20,900 light-years from Earth and 9,800 ly (3,000 pc) from the Galactic Center. Its orbit is partly
Messier_107
Soviet cosmic microwave background experiment on the Prognoz 9 satellite
Cosmic Background Explorer in 1989) and measured the CMB dipole, the Galactic plane, and gave upper limits on the quadrupole moment. A follow-up, RELIKT-2
RELIKT-1
Galaxies with interacting gravitational fields
fields result in a disturbance of one another. There are several types of galactic interactions, including major interactions, minor interactions, and galaxy
Interacting_galaxy
Binary star system in the constellation Draco
as 9 kpc from the Galactic Center. The plane of their galactic orbit carries them as far as 463−489 pc away from the galactic plane. Both stars of the
Struve_2398
Galaxy in the constellation Virgo
that is aligned perpendicularly to the galactic disk. The bulge likewise appears elongated out of the galactic plane. This unusual alignment may have been
NGC_4698
American astrophysicist
Harvard University, with a thesis titled "Surveys of Globular Cluster and Galactic Plane X-Ray Sources". Hertz received the Robert Trumpler award of the Astronomical
Paul_L._Hertz
Globular cluster in the constellation Lyra
It is about 31–32 kly (9.5–9.8 kpc) from the Galactic Center and 4.8 kly (1.5 kpc) above the galactic plane. This cluster has an estimated age of 13.70
Messier_56
Spheroidal galaxy in the constellation Draco
situated in the direction of the Draco Constellation at 34.6° above the galactic plane. Paul W. Hodge analyzed the distribution of its stars in 1964 and concluded
Draco_Dwarf
Coherent, wave-shaped gaseous structure in the Milky Way
wave in the galactic plane". Newsweek. "Something Appears to Have Collided with the Milky Way and Created a Huge Wave in the Galactic Plane". Radcliffe
Radcliffe_wave
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
concentrated in the galactic plane, probably produced by relatively young massive progenitor stars; and bipolars in the galactic bulge appear to prefer
Planetary_nebula
Exoplanet
exoplanet discovered in 2020 by TESS. The planet is located outside the galactic plane. LHS 1815 b is a terrestrial planet (super-Earth) with a mass of 0.0132
LHS_1815_b
Reflection nebula in Chamaeleon
at a distance of ~630 light years. It can be found 14.9° above the galactic plane of the Milky Way. IC 2631 can be easily seen in the southern hemisphere
IC_2631
Globular cluster
with in the galactic plane of the Milky Way galaxy. It is located 29 parsecs above the galactic plane and 4.2 kiloparsecs from the galactic center of the
VVV_CL160
Planetary nebula in the constellation Sagitta
(IPHAS), a ground-based H-alpha planetary nebula study of the North Galactic Plane. The Necklace Nebula is the exploded aftermath of a giant star that
Necklace_Nebula
Coordination of related astronomical observations
the release of neutrinos from the galactic plane of the Milky Way galaxy, creating the first neutrino-based galactic map. Bartos, Imre; Kowalski, Marek
Multi-messenger_astronomy
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
nearly 100 OB stars and over 800 young stellar objects. It lies in the galactic plane, at a distance of about 2,300 parsec. It contains the emission-line
Vulpecula
Decommissioned radio telescope in Hawaii, US
Effect. The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey, a survey of continuum emission at 1.1 mm, which covered 170 square degrees of the galactic plane. This survey resulted
Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
Caltech_Submillimeter_Observatory
Scientific study of celestial objects visible in wavelengths of 30-450 μm
circumstellar envelopes around numerous old red giant stars. The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey mapped the galaxy for the first time in the far-infrared. On
Far-infrared_astronomy
Binary Microlensing Event Revealing a Planetary Companion toward the Galactic Plane". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1005 (2): L33. arXiv:2607.01853
2026_in_science
Open cluster in the constellation Puppis
years. It is nearly on the galactic plane and has an orbit that varies between 28–29 kly (8.5–8.9 kpc) from the Galactic Center over a period of 242
Messier_93
Star in the constellation Fornax
As a result, HIP 13044 circles the Galactic Center at a highly irregular orbit with respect to the galactic plane. HIP 13044 is slightly less massive
HIP_13044
Open cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
6.5 kpc to, and as far as 6.8 kpc from the galactic core. It passes vertically through the galactic plane once every 27.4 million years, ranging no more
Messier_18
Stars sorted by absolute magnitude
completely swamped by the primary. Mercer 23 is an open cluster near Galactic plane. Mercer 30 is an open cluster in Dragonfish Nebula. The paper mistakenly
List_of_most_luminous_stars
Space telescope
piece of the rocket. Operational from 1996 to 1997, MSX mapped the galactic plane and areas either missed or identified as particularly bright by the
Midcourse_Space_Experiment
Galaxy in the constellation Cassiopeia
Andromeda Galaxy (M31). In the sky, it appears behind the Milky Way's galactic plane, and so it is reddened by 0.194 magnitudes. With a luminosity of 1.8×107 L☉
Cassiopeia_Dwarf
Gamma-ray and cosmic ray observatory in Puebla, Mexico
energies) Galactic sources in the TeV with a sensitivity similar to that of Fermi in the GeV, detect diffuse emission from regions of the Galactic plane, have
High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment
High_Altitude_Water_Cherenkov_Experiment
Open cluster in the constellation Scorpius
open cluster located in the constellation of Scorpius, close to the galactic plane. It was first observed by R. J. Havlen and A. F. J. Moffat in 1976.
HM_1
Structure in the Milky Way Galaxy
outside. More recent studies suggest that the superbubble extends to the Galactic plane and that both Barnard's Loop and the λ Orionis Nebula lie inside. The
Orion–Eridanus_Superbubble
List from the Alphabet Direction (αβ)
Gamma-Ray source IPHAS — The INT Photometric Hα Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane IPHASX — INT/WFC Photometric Hα Survey extended object IRAS — Infrared
List of astronomical catalogues
List_of_astronomical_catalogues
Astronomy phenomenon
(6.8 parsecs) from the Sun in the constellation Monoceros near the galactic plane. The system passed through the Solar System's Oort cloud roughly 70
Stellar_flyby
Type of variable star
such as the local spiral arm structure and the Sun's distance from the galactic plane. Around 3,600 classical Cepheids are known in the Milky Way galaxy.
Classical_Cepheid_variable
parameters for Gaia18cbf - a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 662: A59. arXiv:2111.08337. Bibcode:2022A&A
List of nearest known black holes
List_of_nearest_known_black_holes
Nebula in the constellation Musca
cluster NGC 4372, much closer than the centre of the galaxy and in the galactic plane, having a length of nearly three degrees of arc. Although officially
Dark_Doodad_Nebula
Large collections of gas found in the galactic halo of the Milky Way
galactic plane. This was quite notable because the models of the Milky Way showed the density of gas decreasing with distance from the galactic plane
High-velocity_cloud
Cold, dense region of a giant molecular cloud
silhouette against the bright diffuse mid-infrared emission from the galactic plane. Infrared dark clouds have only been recently discovered in 1996 using
Infrared_dark_cloud
64-antenna radio telescope in South Africa
ASTRON, The Netherlands MeerGAL (MeerKAT High Frequency Galactic Plane Survey) – Galactic structure and dynamics, distribution of ionised gas, recombination
MeerKAT
Low-mass hypervelocity star
is an extragalactic star, because its motion is confined within the galactic plane, which makes an origin within the Milky Way more likely. More research
CWISE_J1249+3621
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