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Prehistoric subspecies of horse
Gallic horse (Equus caballus gallicus) is a prehistoric subspecies of Equus caballus (the horse) that lived in the Upper Paleolithic. It first appeared
Gallic_horse
List of deities of the Celtic peoples
a Gallic god Alus - an agricultural god of Cisalpine Gaul Ambisagrus - a god in Aquileia Arubianus - a god in Noricum Atepomarus - a Gallic horse god
List_of_Celtic_deities
Ancient Celtic peoples of Europe
increasingly put pressure on the Gallic sphere of influence. The Battle of Telamon (225 BC) heralded a gradual decline of Gallic power during the 2nd century
Gauls
Mounted forces of ancient Rome
elephants, which panicked the Roman horses. Other examples include the Equites' victory over the vaunted Gallic horse at Telamon, and Sentinum, against
Roman_cavalry
Battle during the Roman-Gallic wars (222 BC)
he was not far from the enemy. Suddenly his horse was seized with panic and turned away from the Gallic line, but he converted the accident into a spectacle
Battle_of_Clastidium
Historical region of Western Europe inhabited by Celtic tribes
equipped with Remi horses. Caesar captured Vercingetorix in September 52 BC in the Battle of Alesia, which ended the majority of Gallic resistance to Rome
Gaul
Gallic chieftain (c. 82 – 46 BC)
82 – 46 BC) was a Gallic nobleman and chieftain of the Arverni who united the Gauls in a failed revolt against Rome during the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC).
Vercingetorix
Deployment, formation, and manoeuvres of the Roman infantry
in some areas. Gallic chariot warfare, for example, showed a high degree of integration and coordination with infantry, and Gallic horse and chariot assaults
Roman_infantry_tactics
Warfare of the Ancient Celts
mounted Gallic warrior was accompanied into battle by two attendants who each had a horse of their own. According to Pausanias, when a Gallic horseman
Ancient_Celtic_warfare
Roman military expedition
consumption of weapons, the long baggage columns and the fact that the Gallic horse resources were now almost exhausted were problematic. The sea route offered
Germanicus's expedition into Germania
Germanicus's_expedition_into_Germania
Topics referred to by the same term
of the family Caryophyllaceae Gallic horse (taxonomic name: Equus caballus gallicus), a prehistoric subspecies of horse Isotomurus gallicus, a species
Gallicus
Roman province (106–271/275)
cult of the Thracian Rider was imported from Thrace and Moesia. The Gallic horse goddess Epona is attested in Dacia, as are the Matronae. While the Dacians
Roman_Dacia
Animal sacrifice to Mars
In ancient Roman religion, the October Horse (Latin Equus October) was an animal sacrifice to Mars carried out on October 15, coinciding with the end
October_Horse
Military campaigns and settlements of Celtic peoples in southeastern Europe
Gallic groups, originating from the various La Tène chiefdoms, began a movement into Southeast Europe from the 4th century BC. Although Gallic settlements
Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe
Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe
1808 battle of the Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo
and attention. The French advanced and opened fire at about noon. A Gallic horse line pounced left to cut the Spanish forces off. Riders led by Captain
Battle_of_Palo_Hincado
Armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic
the Gallic tribes of northern Italy, who provided an additional 4,000, bringing his horse up to 20% of his total force. At Cannae, 6,000 Roman horse (including
Roman army of the mid-Republic
Roman_army_of_the_mid-Republic
Roman general, politician, and assassin of Julius Caesar (81–43 BC)
assassination. He had previously been an important supporter of Caesar in the Gallic Wars and in the civil war against Pompey. Decimus Brutus is often confused
Decimus_Junius_Brutus_Albinus
Gallic emperor from 271 to 274 AD
Esuvius Tetricus was a Gallo-Roman nobleman who ruled as emperor of the Gallic Empire from 271 to 274 AD. He was originally the praeses (provincial governor)
Tetricus_I
Gallo-Roman goddess of horses and fertility
welfare of horses, donkeys, mules, and their riders. Horses were a key component of Pre-Roman Gallic life; Gallic soldiers held their horses in high regard
Epona
Cockatrice – Chicken-headed dragon or serpent, visually similar to the Basilisk. Gallic rooster – Symbolic rooster used as an allegory for France. Gullinkambi –
List of legendary creatures by type
List_of_legendary_creatures_by_type
Roman siege in 52 BC of stronghold of Vercingetorix's Gauls
fought between a Roman Republican army, led by proconsul Julius Caesar, and Gallic forces led by Vercingetorix, who was also the Arverni chieftain. The Romans
Battle_of_Gergovia
Mythological horses in Switzerland and France
the region. According to Gabriel Gravier, in 1980, the Jura white horse is a Gallic tradition that has been Frenchified. He notes that the Saine is etymologically
Legendary_horses_in_the_Jura
British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
he stood as a breeding stallion in Europe and South Africa. Gallic League was a brown horse with a small white star, bred in the United Kingdom by N. Abbott
Gallic_League
The Neuvy-en-Sullias Hoard is a Gallic and Gallo-Roman group of bronze objects, including sculptures of animals and two groups of statuettes. It was discovered
Neuvy-en-Sullias_Hoard
Archaeological site in France
is primarily known for the archaeological remains of a sanctuary where Gallic and Gallo-Roman artefacts have been found, including seven carnyces (war
Tintignac
Largest battle of the Second Punic War (216 BC)
made of animal sinews. Most Gallic foot warriors likely had no protection other than large shields, and the typical Gallic weapon was a long slashing sword
Battle_of_Cannae
Ancient Roman helmet
1st century AD) Coolus helmet (3rd century BC – at least 79 AD) Imperial Gallic helmet (late 1st century BC – early 2nd century AD) Imperial Italic helmet
Galea_(helmet)
Hungarian veterinarian and scientist
und zu den recenten Pferden [The Helvetic-Gallic horse and its relationship to prehistoric and recent horses] (PhD) (in German). University of Bern. Marek
József_Marek
Belgic tribe
southern Europe by the local Remi elite before the Roman conquest. During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), under the leadership of Iccius and Andecombogius, the Remi
Remi
Carriage using animals to provide rapid motive power
two-wheeled vehicle with spoked wheels, driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power for usage in warfare. The oldest known chariots
Chariot
Gallic tribe
or Riedones (Gaulish: Rēdones, later Riedones, 'chariot- or horse-drivers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern part of the Brittany peninsula
Redones
Gallic people of central Anatolia
Literature. Oxford University Press. s.v. Galatians. ISBN 978-0-19-954854-5. A Gallic, i.e. Celtic, people who crossed the Hellespont from Europe into Asia Minor
Galatians_(people)
Gallic fortified town and capital of the Aedui
Bibracte, a Gallic oppidum (fortified settlement), was the capital of the Aedui and one of the most important stone hillforts in Gaul. It was located near
Bibracte
French mythological horses
The legendary horses of Pas-de-Calais are fabulous, diabolical white animals, mentioned in the folklore of Artois, Ternoise and Boulonnais under various
Legendary horses of Pas-de-Calais
Legendary_horses_of_Pas-de-Calais
Roman general and dictator (100–44 BC)
A member of the First Triumvirate, he led the Roman armies through the Gallic Wars and defeated his political rival Pompey in Caesar's civil war. He consolidated
Julius_Caesar
First century BCE Roman soldier
Parthian cataphracts rode barded horses and carried long heavy lances (kontos), the reach and power of which exceeded the Gallic spear, while the 9,000 Parthian
Publius Licinius Crassus (son of triumvir)
Publius_Licinius_Crassus_(son_of_triumvir)
Ancient Celtic military tactic
the Gallic horsemen were engaged, the servants remained behind the ranks and proved useful in the following way. Should a horseman or his horse fall
Trimarcisia
Gallic people
The Pictones or Pictavi (Ancient Greek: Πίκτονες) were a Gallic people dwelling south of the lower Loire river, in the region later called Poitou, during
Pictones
Caesar's military campaigns of 58–50 and 49–45 BC
empire. The wars constituted both the Gallic Wars (58 BC–51 BC) and Caesar's civil war (49 BC–45 BC). The Gallic Wars principally took place in the region
Military campaigns of Julius Caesar
Military_campaigns_of_Julius_Caesar
Extinct Celtic language of continental Europe
found outside the Lepontic area proper. As they were written after the Gallic conquest of Cisalpine Gaul, they are usually called "Cisalpine Gaulish"
Gaulish
Romanized culture of Gaul under Roman Empire
Britannia and Hispania by Postumus and his successors is usually called the Gallic Empire although it was just one set of many usurpers who took over parts
Gallo-Roman_culture
Part of the Roman–Parthian Wars
thousands of camels to resupply his horse archers. Upon this realisation, Crassus dispatched his son Publius with 1,300 Gallic cavalry, 500 archers and eight
Battle_of_Carrhae
Ancient Gallic tribe of central Gaul
The Arverni (Gaulish: *Aruernoi) were a Gallic people of the late Iron Age and the Roman period, whose territory lay in the Massif Central of central Gaul
Arverni
Legendary brothers said to have led the invasion of Britain in the 5th century
Vortigern's son Catigern died, and lastly "near the stone on the shore of the Gallic sea", where the Saxons were defeated and fled to their ships. After a "short
Hengist_and_Horsa
Gallic noble
Ducarius was a Gallic nobleman from the Insubres who fought for Hannibal at the Battle of Lake Trasimene on 21 June 217 BC, during the Second Punic War
Ducarius
Gender studies history
and North African countries, and later in North and South America, the horse was primarily a symbol of military and masculine prowess, associated with
Women_in_equestrianism
Iron Age culture of Europe
et al. (2025). Harnessing Horses From Prehistory to History. Sidestone Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-94-6426-337-4. "The Gallic Wars By Julius Caesar, Book
La_Tène_culture
Species of legume
phenolic compounds, including p-hydroxycinnamic acid, protocatechuic acid, and gallic acid, have been identified in the leaves of the species. Bioherbicidal activity
Leucaena_leucocephala
King: Birth of an Empire (2019) Brennus, Enemy of Rome (1963), the first Gallic invasion of Italy Rome (TV series) (2005/2007) Augustine: The Decline of
List of war films and TV specials set between 3050 BC and AD 476
List_of_war_films_and_TV_specials_set_between_3050_BC_and_AD_476
Battle of the Second Punic War
of the Roman city of Ariminum during the Second Punic War in 216 BC. The Gallic Boii surprised and destroyed a Roman army under the consul-elect Lucius
Battle_of_Silva_Litana
Roman general and statesman (115–53 BC)
Pompey grew increasingly envious of Caesar's spectacular successes in the Gallic Wars. The alliance was restabilized at the Luca Conference in 56 BC, after
Marcus_Licinius_Crassus
Gallic-Germanic tribe
were the largest of the so-called Germani cisrhenani peoples during the Gallic Wars of Julius Caesar in the years 58-50 BC, or in other words one of the
Eburones
Breed of horse
Caesar mentions small black horses that resemble the Mérens in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Commentaries on the Gallic War), when discussing the defeat
Mérens_horse
Collection of Indo-European peoples sharing Celtic languages and cultural traits
The Celts were often in conflict with the Romans, such as in the Roman–Gallic wars, the Celtiberian Wars, the conquest of Gaul and conquest of Britain
Celts
Battle of the Second Punic War
September of 218 BC. Hannibal marched on the Italian Alps, and an army of Gallic Volcae attacked the Carthaginian army on the east bank of the Rhône. The
Battle_of_the_Rhône_Crossing
Belgic-Gallic tribe
The Veliocasses or Velocasses (Gaulish: *Ueliocassēs) were a Belgic or Gallic tribe of the La Tène and Roman periods, dwelling in the south of modern Seine-Maritime
Veliocasses
Gallic tribe
The Venelli or Unelli (Gaulish: *Uenellī) were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the Cotentin peninsula, in the northwest of modern Normandy, during the Iron
Venelli
Battle during Gallic Wars (58 BC)
army supported by Gallic allies under the overall command of Gaius Julius Caesar. This encounter is the second major battle of the Gallic Wars. During the
Battle_of_Vosges_(58_BC)
Private club in Paris
men of the haute bourgeoisie still formed the governing class, its Anglo-Gallic membership could not fail to give it some political colour: Napoleon III
Jockey-Club_de_Paris
Carthaginian-Roman battle, 218 BCE
shelter behind their shields than the Carthaginian horses, would come off best. He arranged the 2,000 Gallic cavalry to the front of his formation – many or
Battle_of_Ticinus
Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
battle. But its Gallic levels are now known to be contemporary with the Gallic Wars and have been so identified without any doubt. A Gallic inscription from
Alise-Sainte-Reine
1997 novel by Colleen McCullough
series. The novel opens in 54 BC, with Caesar in the middle of his epochal Gallic campaigns, having just invaded Britannia. The first half of the novel deals
Caesar_(McCullough_novel)
Roman general and politician (c. 270–208 BC)
prestigious award a Roman general could earn, the spolia opima, for killing the Gallic king Viridomarus in single combat in 222 BC at the Battle of Clastidium
Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus
218 BC Carthaginian attack against the Roman Republic through the Alps
politics, and realized that this was an opportune time to attack. He had Gallic spies in every corner of the Roman Republic, even within the inner circles
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
Hannibal's_crossing_of_the_Alps
Ancient region of central Anatolia once inhabited by Celts
became a small transient foreign tribe in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC. Galatia's boundaries as understand in
Galatia
Roman eagle standard bearer
by Caesar in Commentarii de Bello Gallico, his first hand account of the Gallic Wars. The Latin text says "Ex quibus Lucius Petrosidius aquilifer, cum magna
Aquilifer
4th-century BC Roman dictator and general
republic who is most famous for his capture of Veii and defence of Rome from Gallic sack after the Battle of the Allia. Modern scholars are dubious of Camillus'
Marcus_Furius_Camillus
Harvesting machine
its existence in the first half of the 4th century, it is likely that the Gallic reaper was used for at least 250 years. The development of stripper-harvesters
Stripper_(agriculture)
Painting by Auguste-Barthélemy Glaize
The Gallic Women: Episode from the Roman Invasion (French: Les Femmes Gauloises: épisode de l'invasion romaine) is a painting by Auguste-Barthélemy Glaize
The Gallic Women: Episode from the Roman Invasion
The_Gallic_Women:_Episode_from_the_Roman_Invasion
Calendar year
(these problems had been caused by Aurelian's defeat and overthrow of the Gallic Empire). The Goths begin to raid Thrace and Asia Minor. Aurelian begins
275
British-built cargo steamship
SS Gallic was a cargo-passenger steamship built in 1918. During her career, she had six different owners and sailed under the flags of the United Kingdom
SS_Gallic_(1918)
Sacrifice of dogs in Roman religion
supplicia say that the geese were honored for saving the city during the Gallic siege of Rome. When the Gauls launched a nocturnal assault by stealth on
Supplicia_canum
Belgic tribe
invaders during the Cimbrian War. In 57 and 52 BC, they participated in Gallic coalitions against Caesar, before their eventual subjugation by Rome in
Ambiani
Belgic tribe
attributed to the Morini and the Nervii, also contained characteristically Gallic gold torques, one of which was in Alastair Bradley Martin's Guennol collection
Nervii
Infantry riding horses instead of marching
saddles of the cavalry to take them to battle and then dismounting to fight. Gallic and Germanic warbands were reported to use double-riders, with a second
Mounted_infantry
Evil horse from Celtic folklore associated with the Devil and witchcraft
to be widespread among the Welsh, through a popular expression and the Gallic goddess Andarta. From 1807, with the publication of Iolo Morganwg's Welsh
March_Malaen
Equine presence in Breton culture
a probable Neolithic mother goddess. The very popular Gallic goddess Epona, protector of horses, is worshipped by both Gauls and Roman cavalry units.
Horses_in_Breton_culture
Gallic tribe
Lexovii (Gaulish: *Lexsouioi, 'the leaning ones', possibly 'the lame') were a Gallic people who lived on the Channel coast, west of the mouth of the Seine, during
Lexovii
Cultural area in northwestern France
sources, maybe to the Garonne estuary. This term probably comes from a Gallic word, aremorica, which means 'close to the sea'. Another name, Letauia (in
Brittany
2015 French drama film
2018. Felperin, Leslie (27 August 2015). "En Equilibre review – horsing around with Gallic grace". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 13 July
In_Harmony_(film)
Type of light spear designed to be thrown by hand
shorter ranged pilum. The Gallic cavalry used to hurl several javelin volleys to soften the enemy before a frontal attack. The Gallic cavalry used their javelins
Javelin
Belgic tribe
Vermandois region (Picardy) during the Iron Age and Roman periods. During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), they belonged to the Belgic coalition of 57 BC against
Viromandui
2014 real-time strategy video game
units – Kush Archer, Parthian Cataphrats and Horse Archers, Berber Javelineer, Naked Skirmishers, and Gallic Ambushers. Mercenaries Pack: The second paid
Hegemony Rome: The Rise of Caesar
Hegemony_Rome:_The_Rise_of_Caesar
Part of Caesar's civil war (46 BC)
was commanded by Titus Labienus, Caesar's former lieutenant during the Gallic Wars who had defected to the Republican side at the beginning of the civil
Battle_of_Ruspina
Gallic tribe
The Nitiobroges (Gaulish: *Nitiobrogis, 'the indigenous') were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the middle Garonne river, around their chief town Aginnon (modern-day
Nitiobroges
saeculum Aius Locutius, divine voice that warned the Romans of the imminent Gallic invasion. Alernus or Elernus (possibly Helernus), an archaic god whose sacred
List_of_Roman_deities
Ruler of the Carnutes
Roman proconsul he made Tasgetius king in reward for his support during the Gallic Wars. His reign would have begun in late 57 BC, following Caesar's campaign
Tasgetius
new Damask Brilliant complexion; blushing beauty Dog Pleasure and pain Gallic Ancient Greece Love, sacred to Aphrodite Hundred-leaved (also called cabbage
List_of_plants_with_symbolism
Military campaigns in 55 and 54 BC
In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC. On the first occasion, Caesar took with him only two legions, and
Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
Julius_Caesar's_invasions_of_Britain
Religion practised by ancient Celtic people
that ancient Celts sacrificed humans, and Caesar in his accounts of the Gallic wars claims that the Gauls sacrificed criminals by burning them in a wicker
Ancient_Celtic_religion
Flat horse race in Britain
(formerly the King's Stand Stakes) is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance
King Charles III Stakes (Great Britain)
King_Charles_III_Stakes_(Great_Britain)
Gallic leader who invaded Greece (died 279 BC)
Delphi, Ancient Greece) was one of the Gaulish leaders of the army of the Gallic invasion of the Balkans. While invading the Greek mainland he managed to
Brennus_(3rd_century_BC)
Naturally-occurring stone with a hole through it
there is another kind of egg, held in high renown by the people of the Gallic provinces, but totally omitted by the Greek writers. In summer time, numberless
Adder_stone
1st century BC Roman legate
[ˈɫuː.ki.ʊs au̯.rʊŋ.kʊˈɫeː.i.ʊs ˈkɔt.ta]; died 54 BC) was an officer in the Gallic army of Gaius Julius Caesar. The little we know of Cotta is found in Book
Lucius_Aurunculeius_Cotta
Longest river in France
using pack horses to link its trade, such as the metals of the Armorican Massif, with Phoenicia and Ancient Greece via Lyon on the Rhône. Gallic rule ended
Loire
Celtic god identified with Mercury
and of war, but also of prosperity. Langres was a city of the Lingones, a Gallic tribe. The Lingones were perhaps devotees of Moccus. Another indication
Moccus
Trojan prince, second husband of Helen of Troy
etymologically unrelated to that of France's capital city, derived from the Gallic Parisii tribe, although it had been a misconceived folk etymology during
Paris_(mythology)
Ancient tribe of the Lower Rhine
provoke battle. The Germanic cavalry, although outnumbered by Caesar's Gallic horsemen, made the first attack, forcing the Romans to retreat. Caesar describes
Usipetes
207 BC battle during the Second Punic War
by Hannibal's army a decade earlier, but also due to the removal of the Gallic threat that had plagued Hannibal during that expedition. The Gauls now feared
Battle_of_the_Metaurus
Australian horse race
Melbourne Cup, the 147th running of Australia's most prestigious thoroughbred horse race, was run on Tuesday, 6 November 2007, going at 3:00 pm local time (0400
2007_Melbourne_Cup
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