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Concept in toxicology
may lead to cancer. While genotoxicity is often confused with mutagenicity, all mutagens are genotoxic, but some genotoxic substances are not mutagenic
Genotoxicity
Medical condition
that is essential to human nutrition. There is a hypothetical risk of genotoxicity in humans if large amounts of trivalent chromium were somehow able to
Chromium_toxicity
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
Rocha, Thiago Lopes (2021). "Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using as model for genotoxicity and DNA repair assessments: Historical review, current status and trends"
Fish
practical complement or alternative to the traditional Ames test assay for genotoxicity, which involves growing bacteria on agar plates and comparing natural
SOS_chromotest
Species of flowering plant
pallida has been proven useful for phytoremediation, biomonitoring, and genotoxicity assessment of environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals and metalloids
Tradescantia_pallida
which may or may not include genotoxicity (the ability to cause a change or mutation in genetic material). Genotoxicity might involve carcinogenicity
Hazardous_drug
Chemical compound
potency of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in inducing DNA damage and genotoxicity was tested in Drosophila melanogaster. Aflatoxin M1 was found to be a
Aflatoxin_M1
Chemical compound
and other foods that were prepared with it. Due to the suspicion of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Sudan I, a daily intake was not tolerable. The European
Sudan_I
1990–1991 conflict in the Middle East
term safety of depleted uranium exists, including claims of pyrophoric, genotoxic, and teratogenic heavy metal effects. Many have cited its use during the
Gulf_War
Cell response to DNA damage
the control of an SOS-related protein, a simple colorimetric assay for genotoxicity is possible. A lactose analog is added to the bacteria, which is then
SOS_response
Genotoxic assay in fruit fly
The somatic mutation and recombination tests (SMARTs) are in vivo genotoxicity tests performed in Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly). These fruit fly
Somatic mutation and recombination tests
Somatic_mutation_and_recombination_tests
Chemical element with atomic number 79 (Au)
the food additive, and that gold nanoparticles have been shown to be genotoxic in mammalian cells in vitro. Decorative use of gold flake goes back to
Gold
Standards for evaluating biocompatibility of medical devices
10993-2: 2022. Animal welfare requirements ISO 10993-3: 2014. Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity ISO 10993-4: 2017. Selection
ISO_10993
Chemical compound
Colibactin is a genotoxic metabolite produced by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. Colibactin is a polyketide peptide that can form inter-strand
Colibactin
Sweet drink of Spanish origin
various ingredients—on their own and combined—including counteracting genotoxicity in the body, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Horchata
Horchata
Molecule that carries genetic information
than oxidative lesions are the main type of DNA damage involved in the genotoxic effect of solar UVA radiation". Biochemistry. 42 (30): 9221–26. doi:10
DNA
Type of cheese
by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) highlighting unresolved genotoxicity and nanoparticle accumulation concerns, the European Union implemented
Cottage_cheese
Chemical compound
strong sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid after boiling for a long time. Genotoxicity of TiO2 depends on a variety of factors, including physicochemical properties
Titanium_dioxide
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
Xu L, Cheng S, Song L, Liu J, Wu W, Wang S, Wang X (October 2004). "Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to
Chromosome
Test for potential genotoxic compounds
genetic damage has happened. The micronucleus test is used as a tool for genotoxicity assessment of various chemicals. It is easier to conduct than the chromosomal
Micronucleus_test
Chemical stimulant produced by some plants
causes DNA damage in several types of human cells as judged by assays for genotoxicity such as the comet assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus test and chromosome
Nicotine
Species of plant
The sapomin saponarin has low acute rat toxicity and no evidence of genotoxicity, so not all saponins are necessarily toxic when ingested. Despite its
Saponaria_officinalis
Psychoactive type of honey containing grayanotoxins
by the European Food Safety Authority found laboratory evidence for genotoxicity from ingesting grayanotoxins, providing a calculation that the highest
Mad_honey
Animal feed additive
chromosome aberration tests in human lymphocytes, are positive. The positive genotoxic results are explained with limited evidence to be due to a secondary auto-oxidative
Ractopamine
Chemical compound
species, the compound poses a hazard of toxicity, carcinogenicity and genotoxicity, as well as great environmental harm. Silver chromate is usually produced
Silver_chromate
Chemical compound
results in animal models of obesity and psychosis, but associated with genotoxicity which means that future use will be restricted to scientific research
CP-809101
Insecticide
chronic exposure to this contaminant increases the level of cytoxicity and genotoxicity (Anisha et al., 2019). In mammalian tissue, carbamates are generally
Bendiocarb
Male reproductive cell
postmeiotic phase of mouse spermatogenesis is very sensitive to environmental genotoxic agents, because as male germ cells form mature sperm they progressively
Sperm
Study of the toxicity of nanomaterials
increased mass-based potency relative to fine TiO2, through a secondary genotoxicity mechanism that is not specific to TiO2 but primarily related to particle
Nanotoxicology
Chemical compound
from plants grown in the western United States and is a prototype of genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Human exposure to PAs occurs through consumption
Riddelliine
Biological assay to assess the genotoxic potential of chemical compounds
13829 "Water Quality- Determination of genotoxicity of water and waste water using the umu-test". Although genotoxicity cannot be linked directly to the development
Umu_Chromotest
Chemical compound
at 43 μg/kg body weight. WHO concluded that patulin is genotoxic based on variable genotoxicity data, however it is considered a group 3 carcinogen by
Patulin
Chemical compound
and vomiting. Prolonged contact with skin may cause allergic response. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of 4-nitrophenol are not known. Nitrophenols This
4-Nitrophenol
Chemical compound
that have been studied for citrinin are acute toxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and its carcinogenicity. The acute toxicity of citrinin depends on the
Citrinin
Species of plant
hydroethanolic extract of the purple variety seeds has been found to be genotoxic, so macerations should only be done with the pulp. They can be made into
Tamarillo
Chemical compound
Plant hormones Kocaman, Ayşe Yavuz; Güven, Banu (August 2016). "In vitro genotoxicity assessment of the synthetic plant growth regulator, 1-naphthaleneacetamide"
1-Naphthaleneacetamide
Chemical compound
humans. However, so far in vivo genotoxicity was negative. No relevance for humans concerning carcinogenic and genotoxic effects can be derived. HMF is
Hydroxymethylfurfural
Chemical compound
transamination, and to induce sister-chromatid exchanges suggesting possible genotoxicity. In a study using Osbourne-Mendel strain rats, it was concluded that
Sodium_bisulfite
Form of the drug cocaine
Claudio SR, Silva MJ, Oliveira F, Oshima CT, et al. (October 2016). "Genotoxicity and mutagenicity induced by acute crack cocaine exposure in mice". Drug
Crack_cocaine
Chemical compound
Walnut. Drugs.com. Jemal Demma; Karl Hallberg; Björn Hellman (2009). "Genotoxicity of plumbagin and its effects on catechol and NQNO-induced DNA damage
Plumbagin
Species of herbaceous perennial plant with fleshy, sour edible stalks
emodin and rhein. Emodin "represents a genotoxic risk for humans" while rhein is "a compound devoid of genotoxic capabilities". The anthraquinones have
Rhubarb
Human-caused environmental event in the US
Nickens; Steven R. Patierno; Susan Ceryak (November 5, 2011). "Chromium genotoxicity: a double-edged sword: Cell Death or Survival: The Double-Edged Sword
Hinkley groundwater contamination
Hinkley_groundwater_contamination
Chemical compound
were upregulated, which indicates that microcystin-LR is an indirect genotoxic agent. In China, the highest incidence of liver cancer occurs in areas
Microcystin-LR
Roundup and similar herbicides
ISSN 2077-1312. Ayanda OI, Tolulope A, Oniye SJ (2021). "Mutagenicity and genotoxicity in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to formulations
Glyphosate-based_herbicides
American scientific consulting firm
co-authors of a highly-influential article arguing that chromium 6 is not genotoxic. "One of PG&E's key experts was Steven Patierno, a former professor of
ChemRisk
Type of mycotoxin
following topics: acute/subacute, subchronic, chronic and carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity studies and studies on reproduction,
Nivalenol
Various fibre-based materials
Prakash; Valiyaveettil, Suresh (24 February 2009). "Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells". ACS Nano. 3 (2): 279–290. Bibcode:2009ACSNa
Textile
Cancer of the colon or rectum
Escherichia coli may increase the risk of colorectal cancer by producing the genotoxic metabolite colibactin. People with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative
Colorectal_cancer
Insecticide
world and prevalent in veterinary treatments, toxicity in general, e.g., genotoxicity and biotransformation, remains among the most controversial matters on
Nitenpyram
DNA gel stain and veterinary drug
Yamagata H (May 2001). "Ethidium bromide and SYBR Green I enhance the genotoxicity of UV-irradiation and chemical mutagens in E. coli". Mutation Research
Ethidium_bromide
Chemical compound
Group on Vitamins and Minerals that chromium(III) picolinate might be genotoxic (cause cancer). The committee also noted two case reports of kidney failure
Chromium(III)_picolinate
Class of CNS depressant drugs
experimental basic science evidence, an analysis of carcinogenetic and genotoxicity data for various benzodiazepines has suggested a small possibility of
Benzodiazepine
Type of plastic reinforced by glass fiber
transformation in mammalian cells. There is also indirect, inflammation-driven genotoxicity through reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells. The longer and
Fiberglass
Psychoactive component of cannabis
addiction-connected carcinogenicity, congenital toxicity and heritable genotoxicity". Mutation Research. 789: 15–25. Bibcode:2016MRFMM.789...15R. doi:10
Tetrahydrocannabinol
to preserve the replicative potential of cancer cells treated with a genotoxic dose of resveratrol". Mol. Biol. Rep. 40 (8): 5013–5026. doi:10.1007/s11033-013-2602-7
Protein_acetylation
Substances added to food
toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion); genotoxicity; subchronic (at least 90 data) and chronic toxicity and carcinogenity;
Food_additive
Class of chemical compounds
metabolism of PAs in humans primarily revolve around hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity. PAs are metabolized in the liver through CYP450-mediated pathways. This
Pyrrolizidine_alkaloid
Palm tree cultivated for its sweet fruit
that feeding mice with the aqueous extract of date seeds exhibit anti-genotoxic effects and reduce DNA damage induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea. Stripped
Date_palm
Proteinogenic amino acid
(January 2022). "Structures of Silver Fingers and a Pathway to Their Genotoxicity". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (12) e202116621. Bibcode:2022ACIE
Cysteine
Small roll of tobacco made to be smoked
IP (2011). "Epigenetic mechanisms of mouse interstrain variability in genotoxicity of the environmental toxicant 1,3-butadiene". Toxicol. Sci. 122 (2):
Cigarette
Chemical compound
major yohimbe bark alkaloids, especially regarding subchronic toxicity, genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. One study found that samples of brands sold
Yohimbine
Proteins activated by the hormone estrogen
replication, leading to mutations. Second, estrogen metabolism produces genotoxic waste. The result of both processes is disruption of cell cycle, apoptosis
Estrogen_receptor
Environmental problems caused by warfare
environment, and in dry areas can be transported across large distance. Genotoxic effects as in the case of Agent Orange can affect multiple generations
Environmental_impact_of_war
Hydrocarbon composed of multiple aromatic rings
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) due to their carcinogenicity or genotoxicity and/or ability to be monitored are the following: A Considered probable
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon
Edible vegetable oil from the fruit of oil palms
200 °C (392 °F)). Since glycidol, the parent compound of GE, is considered genotoxic and carcinogenic, the EFSA did not set a safe level for GE. According
Palm_oil
Material that releases fragrant smoke when burnt
W.; Yang, B.; Hu, J.; Wang, Y. H. (2015). "Higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of burning incense than cigarette". Environmental Chemistry Letters.
Incense
Blue dye derived from indigo
substances such as variegatic acid and popolohuanone. Indigo carmine shows "genotoxicity, developmental toxicity or modifications of haematological parameters
Indigo_carmine
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
used as rapid screens for the detection of genotoxic effects, but is not active in in vivo assays of genotoxicity. Long-term carcinogenicity studies in rats
Ciprofloxacin
Study of interactions between the toxicant and a biological target
carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as
Toxicodynamics
Chemical compound
estradiol when administered by subcutaneous injection. The drug shows genotoxicity similarly to estradiol. Cyclodiol showed an absolute bioavailability
Cyclodiol
River in Israel
Rabinowitz, Claudette; Moiseeva, Elisabeth & Rinkevich, Baruch (2002): Genotoxicity of the Kishon River, Israel: the application of an in vitro cellular
Kishon_River
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
Casuccio G, et al. (December 2020). "Physicochemical characterization and genotoxicity of the broad class of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers used or produced
Carbon_nanotube
Global scientific institute on fragrance safety
grouping, and high-throughput screening. Seven endpoints are evaluated: Genotoxicity Repeated dose toxicity Reproductive toxicity Skin sensitization
Research Institute for Fragrance Materials
Research_Institute_for_Fragrance_Materials
Bašić-Zaninović, Tamara; Papeš, Dražena; Franekić, Jasna (1991). "Cycloheximide genotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo test systems". Mutation Research Letters. 263
Cycloheximide_chase
Chemical compound
carcinogenicity. Prallethrin tested negative in the majority of the genotoxicity studies. It also tested negative in an in vitro chromosomal aberration
Prallethrin
Chemical compound
both genotoxic and cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity was determined to most likely be a result of the genotoxicity, but the cause of the genotoxicity is yet
Barium_chromate
Chemical compound
Agricultura Tecnica. 67 (3). Stopper, H; Schmitt, E; Kobras, K (1 July 2005). "Genotoxicity of phytoestrogens". Mutation Research. 574 (1–2): 139–55. Bibcode:2005MRFMM
Coumestrol
Species of flowering plant
126 (29): 1277–1284. Hasheminejad, G.; Caldwell, John (April 1994). "Genotoxicity of the alkenylbenzenes alpha- and beta-asarone, myristicin and elimicin
Asarum_europaeum
Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae
Fuscoe, James C.; Luan, Yang; Chen, Tao (October 2010). "Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of Comfrey". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental
Symphytum
Plant species in the fig family
"Safety evaluation of mulberry leaf extract: Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 95: 220–226. doi:10
Morus_alba
Resin and essential oil from Copaifera trees
Hernandes LC, de Souza Ramos MF, Antunes LM, de Freitas O (2012). "Genotoxicity assessment of Copaiba oil and its fractions in Swiss mice". Genet Mol
Copaiba
Vegetables of the family Brassicaceae
potential risk from allergies, interference with drugs such as warfarin, and genotoxicity. People who can taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is either bitter
Cruciferous_vegetables
Chemical used in dye manufacturing
reactive species formed through biotransformations. The primary route of genotoxicity arises from N-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine, a lipophilic intermediate
O-Nitroanisole
Chemical compound
hydroquinone. NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of
Hydroquinone
Practice of inhaling a burnt substance for psychoactive effects
IP (2011). "Epigenetic mechanisms of mouse interstrain variability in genotoxicity of the environmental toxicant 1,3-butadiene". Toxicol. Sci. 122 (2):
Smoking
Chemical compound
agents and especially dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate is toxic and genotoxic. It is classified as a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen
Diethyl_sulfate
Rescuer trained to extinguish fires and save people
(March 14, 2018), "Levels of urinary biomarkers of exposure and potential genotoxic risks in firefighters", Occupational Safety and Hygiene VI, CRC Press
Firefighter
Chemical compound
Food and Drug Administration. There is no evidence of carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or reproductive and developmental toxicity at the permitted
Ponceau_4R
Chemical compound
saa.2008.11.029. PMID 19136293. Møller, Peter; Wallin, Håkan (2000). "Genotoxic hazards of azo pigments and other colorants related to 1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene"
Toluidine_red
Systemic herbicide and crop desiccant
Authority concluded in November 2015 that "the substance is unlikely to be genotoxic (i.e. damaging to DNA) or to pose a carcinogenic threat to humans", later
Glyphosate
Adverse environmental contamination
polluters of water and soil ecosystems, causing "carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms". The textile industry
Pollution
Chemical compound
antagonistic activity; reproductive or teratological effects; carcinogenicity; genotoxicity; or immunotoxicity. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has
Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes
Tetramethyl_acetyloctahydronaphthalenes
Polysaccharide gum used as a food additive and thickener
even at high intake amounts. The EFSA panel found no concern about genotoxicity from long-term consumption. The EFSA concluded that there is no safety
Xanthan_gum
Species of fungus
Raipulis J, Kalnina I, Rutkis R (June 2005). "Effect of Probiotic Yeast on Genotoxicity" (PDF). Food Technology and Biotechnology. 43: 301–305. Archived (PDF)
Saccharomyces_boulardii
Process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater
toxicologically relevant: substances with endocrine disrupting effects, genotoxic substances and substances that enhance the development of bacterial resistances
Sewage_treatment
Iodo-derivative of fluorone used as a pink dye
reported studies concluded that erythrosine is non-genotoxic and any tumor growth results from a non-genotoxic mechanism. In the United States, laboratory evidence
Erythrosine
Chemical compound
2000.tb00007.x. PMID 11252818. S2CID 22776408. Richold M (1988). "The genotoxicity of trenbolone, a synthetic steroid". Archives of Toxicology. 61 (4):
Trenbolone_acetate
Chemical compound
sesquiterpene lactone. It has been isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus. It is genotoxic, allergenic, and an irritant. Parthenin is believed to be responsible
Parthenin
Chemical element with atomic number 17 (Cl)
Elizabeth D.; Schoeny, Rita; DeMarini, David M. (2007). "Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products
Chlorine
Genus of flowering plants in the bean family
making it easy for a micronucleus test of its root tips to recognize genotoxic compounds. A lectin from V. graminea is used to test for the medically
Vicia
GENOTOXICITY
GENOTOXICITY
GENOTOXICITY
GENOTOXICITY
Male
German
Modern contracted form of Old High German Adalwolf, ADOLF means "noble wolf."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tarshita | தாரà¯à®·à¯€à®¤à®¾
Thirsty, Desirous
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a variant of the personal name Julian.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Universal
Boy/Male
English
royal.
Female
Italian
Feminine form of Italian Aldo, ALDA means "noble."
Girl/Female
Indian
Truth
Male
Egyptian
, the king of Chemmis.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Prasitham
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Dart; Arrow
GENOTOXICITY
GENOTOXICITY
GENOTOXICITY
GENOTOXICITY
GENOTOXICITY