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Superfamily of oxygen-transporting globular proteins
The globins are a superfamily of heme-containing globular proteins, involved in binding and/or transporting oxygen. These proteins all incorporate the
Globin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
beta (beta globin, β-globin, haemoglobin beta, hemoglobin beta) is a globin protein, coded for by the HBB gene, which along with alpha globin (HBA), makes
Hemoglobin_subunit_beta
The human β-globin locus is a cluster of genes located on chromosome 11. It is responsible for creating the β-chains found in hemoglobin. This cluster
Human_β-globin_locus
Hereditary blood disorder causing anemia
construct beta-globin leads to reduced or zero production of adult hemoglobin thus causing anemia. The other component of hemoglobin, alpha-globin, accumulates
Beta_thalassemia
Metalloprotein that binds with oxygen
hemoglobins, through problems and mutations in globin gene regulation. All these diseases produce anemia. Globin proteins and thus their genes have an ancient
Hemoglobin
Family of inherited blood disorders
deficient production of the alpha globin component of hemoglobin, while beta thalassemia is a deficiency in the beta globin component. The severity of alpha
Thalassemia
Human hemoglobin protein
hemoglobin protein that in humans is encoded by the HBA1 gene. The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven
Hemoglobin_subunit_alpha
Spherical, water-soluble type of protein
into a roughly spherical shape. The term globin can refer more specifically to proteins including the globin fold. The term globular protein is quite
Globular_protein
Normal human hemoglobin in adults
common adult form of hemoglobin and is composed of two alpha and two delta-globin subunits. This hemoglobin makes up 1-3% of hemoglobin in adults. Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin_A
Inherited blood disorder causing anemia
fetus. The disease is characterised by reduced production of the alpha-globin component of hemoglobin, caused by inherited mutations affecting the genes
Alpha-thalassemia
Variant of hemoglobin A
hemoglobin is made up of two different chains, this includes alpha-globin and beta-globin. In the blood, there are two different variants, HbA and HbA2, and
Hemoglobin_A2
Medical condition
out of 4 of the α-globin genes. Hemoglobin H disease is a genetic disorder resulting in absent or impaired production of the α-globin protein, a normal
Hemoglobin_H_disease
Metalloprotein
hemocyanin, erythrocruorin–chlorocruorin, and hemerythrin. The heme-containing globin is the most commonly-occurring respiratory pigment, occurring in at least
Respiratory_pigment
Chemical compound
four globin chains along with a heme group that contains an iron atom responsible for binding oxygen, with each molecule including two α-type globin and
Embryonic_hemoglobin
Abnormal type of hemoglobin that consists of four gamma globins
Hb Barts, is an abnormal type of hemoglobin that consists of four gamma globins. It is moderately insoluble, and therefore accumulates in the red blood
Hemoglobin_Barts
Gene therapy
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transduced Ex Vivo with a Lentiviral βΑ-T87Q -Globin Vector (LentiGlobin BB305 Drug Product)". Blood. 124 (21): 549. doi:10.1182/blood
Betibeglogene_autotemcel
2013 mockumentary short film
vocalist William DuVall), black metal musician Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin (played by bassist Mike Inez), and hipster blogger Stanley Eisen (played
Alice_in_Chains:_AIC_23
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
genes is normal in EKLF-deficient mice, and since all genes on the human β-globin locus exhibit the CACCC elements, researchers began searching for other
KLF2
American physician, geneticist and molecular biologist
produce normal human globin from normal human mRNA, sickle cell globin from sickle cell mRNA, and the abnormal alpha/beta globin chain abnormality of
William_French_Anderson
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
gene. Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced
Hemoglobin_subunit_zeta
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
globin chain of hemoglobin. The human alpha globin gene cluster is located on chromosome 16 and spans about 30 kb, including seven alpha like globin genes
Hemoglobin,_alpha_2
Hemoglobin variant
a variant of hemoglobin in which a mutation in the alpha globin gene produces an alpha globin chain that is abnormally long. It is the most common nondeletional
Hemoglobin_Constant_Spring
Genetic boundary element that blocks the interaction between enhancers and promoters
the β-globin locus. The CTCF insulator is especially important in vertebrates, while the gypsy insulator is implicated in Drosophila. The β-globin locus
Insulator_(genetics)
Topics referred to by the same term
(homolog e.g. all globin protein), which are separated from each other after a speciation event, e.g. human beta and chimp beta globin. An orthologous gene
Orthology
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
Grosveld F (1984). "DNA sequences required for regulated expression of beta-globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells". Cell. 38 (1): 265–273. doi:10
Human_genome
Any of various genetic disorders of blood
globins and two ε (epsilon) globins, i.e., ζ2ε2 Hb Gower-2, composed of two α globins and two ε globins (α2ε2) Hb Portland, composed of two ζ globins
Hemoglobinopathy
Medical condition
cell disease occurs when a person inherits two abnormal copies of the β-globin gene that make haemoglobin, one from each parent. The abnormal gene generates
Sickle_cell_disease
Topics referred to by the same term
Hexabromobenzene Beta globin (HBB, β-globin or haemoglobin, beta) a globin protein in adult human hemoglobin A. Human β-globin locus Headbangers Ball
HBB_(disambiguation)
Medical condition
cell. Red blood cells are made up of four globin structures, which are two alpha globins and two beta globins. Alpha thalassemia Beta thalassemia Hemoglobinopathy
Microcyte
Medical condition
is an altered form of hemoglobin (Hb) due to point mutation occurring in globin-encoding genes, mostly involving tyrosine substitution for proximal (F8)
Hemoglobin_M_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Alpha-globin transcription factor CP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFCP2 gene. TFCP2 is also called Late SV40 factor (LSF) and it is induced
TFCP2
RNA family
The Beta-globin co-transcriptional cleavage ribozyme (CotC ribozyme) was a proposed ribozyme (short for ribonucleic acid enzyme). Transcription termination
Beta-globin co-transcriptional cleavage ribozyme
Beta-globin_co-transcriptional_cleavage_ribozyme
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the NGB gene. Neuroglobin is a member of the vertebrate globin family involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis and reactive oxygen/nitrogen
Neuroglobin
American scientist
titled The organization of repetitive sequences in two cloned mouse beta-globin clusters. Haigwood completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Johns Hopkins
Nancy_Haigwood
Plant proteins
are globular plant (algae and land plant) proteins classified into the globin superfamily, which contain a heme, i.e. protoporphyrin IX-Fe, prosthetic
Phytoglobin
Ethnic group
geographic origins is reflected, for example, in the heterogeneous spectrum of globin mutations among Israeli Arabs (Filon et al. 1994). Israeli and Palestinian
Arabs
Blood test result
be greater than 13. Conversely, in thalassemia, which is a disorder of globin synthesis, the number of RBCs produced is normal, but the cells are smaller
Mentzer_index
Immune organ that filters blood
node, as its absence causes a predisposition to certain infections. The globin portion of hemoglobin is degraded to its constitutive amino acids, and the
Spleen
Chemical compound
porphyrin (by repressing ALAS1 synthesis), and stimulates the synthesis of globin. For this reason, it is used in the treatment of porphyrias. It is a component
Haematin
Blood in the feces that is not visibly apparent
fecal immunochemical test (FIT). The newer and recommended tests look for globin, DNA, or other blood factors including transferrin, while conventional stool
Fecal_occult_blood
Medical condition
normal alpha globin chains (HBA) and two delta-beta globin fusion chains which occurs due to a "crossover" between the delta (HBD) and beta globin (HBB) gene
Hemoglobin_Lepore_syndrome
Medical condition
creating an alternate splicing site in the mRNA at codons 25-27 of the β-globin gene. Through this mechanism, there is a mild deficiency in normal β mRNA
Hemoglobin_E
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
theta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBQ1 gene. Theta-globin mRNA is found in human fetal erythroid tissue but not in adult erythroid
HBQ1
Rushiti Anila Mahmudi "Do mësoj" Gent Myftaraj Aria Kolaveri "Dua ta marr globin në krahë" Gjergj Leka [sq] Rozina Sterkaj Dea Laja "Miqësia jonë është e
Albania in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2026
Albania_in_the_Junior_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2026
British professor of higher education
completed a PhD titled Mapping the transcriptional unit of the human epsilon globin gene at the University of Glasgow in 1982. She also holds a postgraduate
Lorraine_Stefani
Australian medical researcher and open access advocate
University of Oxford where her research investigated the control of alpha globin genes and was awarded in 1997. Following her education and training, Barbour
Virginia_Barbour
gamma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBG1 gene. The gamma globin genes (HBG1 and HBG2) are normally expressed in the fetal liver, spleen
HBG1
Long-range cis-regulatory element in DNA
manner and is tissue-specific, as seen in the selective expression of β-globin genes in erythroid cells. Expression levels of genes can be modified by
Locus_control_region
Protein family
Lamellibrachia sp. has four kinds of globin chains and two kinds of linker chains, Sabella spallanzanii has three globin chains and three linker chains. The
Erythrocruorin
Species of shark
sharks contains three major types of hemoglobin, made up of two copies of α globin combined with two copies of three very similar β subunits. These three types
Greenland_shark
Medical condition
by deletions of the entire delta and beta genes sequences and only gamma-globin and HbF are formed. Rarely, non-deletional forms have been reported. When
Delta-beta_thalassemia
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
– beta - 3'. Mutations in the delta-globin gene are associated with Delta-thalassemia. Hemoglobin Human β-globin locus Thalassemia GRCh38: Ensembl release
HBD_(gene)
Replacement, insertion, or deletion of a single DNA or RNA nucleotide
position. The β-globin gene is found on the short arm of chromosome 11. The association of two wild-type α-globin subunits with two mutant β-globin subunits
Point_mutation
Oxygen-carrying phytoglobin found in rhizome of leguminous plants
of symbiotic globins, which also include the root nodules globins of actinorhizal plants such as Casuarina. The Casuarina symbiotic globin is intermediate
Leghemoglobin
Abnormal inclusions in red blood cells
complete defects in alpha globin production, leading to a relative abundance of beta globin chains in the cell. These excess beta globin chains aggregate to
Heinz_body
Brazilian-American molecular entomologist
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Thesis Characterization of extraribosomal globin messenger RNA and human histone messenger RNA (1972) Academic work Institutions
Marcelo_Jacobs-Lorena
Hemoglobin J is an abnormal hemoglobin, an alpha globin gene variant and present in various geographic locations. It was first reported in a black American
Hemoglobin_J
Protein found in humans
DJ (April 1989). "A review of the molecular genetics of the human alpha-globin gene cluster". Blood. 73 (5): 1081–104. doi:10.1182/blood.V73.5.1081.1081
Mu_hemoglobin
Order of flying mammals
of the "Flying Primate" Hypothesis by Phylogenetic Evidence from the ε-globin Gene". Science. 256 (5053): 86–89. Bibcode:1992Sci...256...86B. doi:10.1126/science
Bat
Carbon-oxygen gas
as oxygen. Instead, it combines with the N-terminal groups on the four globin chains. However, because of allosteric effects on the hemoglobin molecule
Carbon_dioxide
American pharmaceutical company
second most expensive drug in the world. The company is developing LentiGlobin gene therapy for the treatment of sickle cell disease and cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy
Bluebird_bio
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
the protein product of CYGB, a human and mammalian gene. Cytoglobin is a globin molecule ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and most notably utilized
Cytoglobin
Biological database of proteins
sequence identities. For example, the two superfamilies of the "Globin-like" fold are: the Globin superfamily and alpha-helical ferredoxin superfamily (contains
Structural Classification of Proteins database
Structural_Classification_of_Proteins_database
American bassist
Year Title Role Notes 1995 The Nona Tapes Himself Short film 2013 AIC 23 Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin Short film
Mike_Inez
American immunologist
Therapeutics Inc. Sadelain also designed lentiviral vectors encoding the β-globin gene for the treatment of severe hemoglobinopathies, which include β-thalassemia
Michel_Sadelain
Medical condition
have been studies that show changes in the globin genes. There have been noted changes in the beta-globin sequence, to what is known as the sickle hemoglobin
Sickle_cell_trait
American alternative metal band
(played by William DuVall), Black Metal musician Unta Gleeben Glabben Globben Globin (played by Mike Inez) and the hipster Stanley Eisen (played by Sean Kinney)
Alice_in_Chains
Non-coding regions on either end of mRNA
of the human gamma-globin mRNA was fully sequenced. In 1980, a study was conducted on the 3' UTR of the duplicated human alpha-globin genes. The untranslated
Untranslated_region
Medical condition
hemoglobin in which glutamic acid residue at the 6th position of the β-globin chain is replaced with a lysine residue due to a point mutation in the HBB
Hemoglobin_C
Health problem from genome abnormalities
PMC 1684820. PMID 3717163. Weatherall DJ (2015). "The Thalassemias: Disorders of Globin Synthesis". Williams Hematology (9e ed.). McGraw Hill Professional. p. 725
Genetic_disorder
Elimination of mRNA with premature stop codons in eukaryotes
region of the β-globin gene. An individual carrying only one affected allele will have no or extremely low levels of the mutant β-globin mRNA. An even more
Nonsense-mediated_decay
Study of chemical processes of living organisms
A schematic of hemoglobin. The red and blue ribbons represent the protein globin; the green structures are the heme groups.
Biochemistry
Laboratory technique to multiply a DNA sample for study
paper with R. K. Saiki and H. A. Erlich, "Enzymatic Amplification of β-globin Genomic Sequences and Restriction Site Analysis for Diagnosis of Sickle
Polymerase_chain_reaction
Topics referred to by the same term
HBN may refer to: Haemoglobin N (HbN), a globin protein Hexagonal boron nitride Jacob Hübner (1761–1826), German entomologist HBN Law, a law firm in Curaçao
HBN
Iron and oxygen-binding protein
make the diagnosis. Myoglobin belongs to the globin superfamily of proteins, and as with other globins, consists of eight alpha helices connected by
Myoglobin
Forms of hemoglobin caused by variations in genetics
mutations in specific genes that code for the protein chains, known as globins, which make up the hemoglobin molecule. This leads to amino acid substitutions
Hemoglobin_variants
Gene editing method
Vakulskas CA, Bode NM, et al. (April 2021). "Gene replacement of α-globin with β-globin restores hemoglobin balance in β-thalassemia-derived hematopoietic
CRISPR_gene_editing
Structural unit of a protein complex
hemoglobin is a symmetrical arrangement of two identical α-globin subunits and two identical β-globin subunits. Longer multimeric proteins such as microtubules
Protein_subunit
protein kinase SRC kinase family ABC transporters Antiporter Aquaporins Globin Major facilitator superfamily Neurotransmitter transporter GABA transporter
List_of_gene_families
Science of genes, heredity and variation
results from a single base difference within the coding region for the β-globin section of hemoglobin, causing a single amino acid change that changes hemoglobin's
Genetics
Medical technology
transfusions. The technique used a lentiviral vector to transduce the human β-globin gene into purified blood and marrow cells obtained from the patient in June
Gene_therapy
Educational animated television series (1987–1988)
dimwitted big boy called Hemo; and his inquisitive and mischievous friend Globin. They can be pink colored when they carry oxygen bubbles or carbon dioxide
Once_Upon_a_Time..._Life
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169564
PCBP1
Chemical coordination complex of an iron ion chelated to a porphyrin
molecular mechanism behind this effect is the steric organization of the globin chain; a histidine residue, located adjacent to the heme group, becomes
Heme
Grouping of proteins
promiscuous reactions by a common mechanism. Globin superfamily Members share an 8-alpha helix globular globin fold. Immunoglobulin superfamily Members share
Protein_superfamily
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
functions as a gene repressor the regulates the expression of red blood cell globin. In particular, it contributes to the transition from fetal to adult pattern
Testicular_receptor_4
organization L1Base Schimenti JC, Duncan CH (February 1984). "Ruminant globin gene structures suggest an evolutionary role for Alu-type repeats". Nucleic
Interspersed_repeat
Type of jaundice
common causes include: Sickle cell disease, in which a mutation in the globin gene causes the formation of sickle hemoglobin. This disease is marked by
Hemolytic_jaundice
Method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA
of the new CUT&RUN technology. In humans, researchers looking at fetal globin gene promoters have used CUT&RUN to investigate the involvement of the protein
CUT&RUN_sequencing
Essential nutrient found in citrus fruits and other foods
and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions". Int J Primatol. 18 (2): 261–95. doi:10
Vitamin_C
One gene variant masking the effect of another in the other copy of the gene
said to be co-dominant. Another example occurs at the locus for the beta-globin component of hemoglobin, where the three molecular phenotypes of HbA/HbA
Dominance_(genetics)
Species of fish
fail to express the major adult α-globin, α1, due to the same 5' truncation of the gene, and have lost the β-globin gene entirely. Zhao et al. propose
Chionodraco_rastrospinosus
Transcription factor
polymerase. This model has been suggested in pioneering works on the beta-globin locus. CTCF is conserved across eumetazoans, including cnidarians and bilaterians
CTCF
University of Oxford. He is known for his work on the regulation of alpha-globin and the genetics of alpha-thalassemia. He is currently working in understanding
Douglas_Higgs
Medical condition
inherited condition that has variants in alpha or beta globin genes that result in lower levels of globin chains required to make hemoglobin, resulting in alpha
Microcytic_anemia
Synthetic promoter in gene expression
of chicken beta-actin gene, (G) the splice acceptor of the rabbit beta-globin gene The resulting synthetic element was used in the pCAGGS expression vector
CAG_promoter
Canadian biologist and geneticist
California Institute of Technology Thesis Expression and evolution of mammalian beta-globin genes (1988) Academic work Institutions University of Victoria
Ben_F._Koop
Medical condition
hemoglobin variant. It originates from a point mutation in the human β-globin locus and is one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. It is
Hemoglobin_D-Punjab
Toxic effects of carbon monoxide
binding to any of the heme sites triggers a conformational change in the globin/protein unit of hemoglobin which then enables the binding of additional
Carbon_monoxide_poisoning
Shared ancestry between DNA, RNA or protein sequences
with the HoxA-D clusters being the best studied. Another example are the globin genes which encode myoglobin and hemoglobin and are considered to be ancient
Sequence_homology
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