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Phonetic process
transcription delimiters. Glottalization is the complete or partial closure of the glottis during the articulation of another sound. Glottalization of vowels and
Glottalization
Sound made by stopping airflow in the glottis
form of glottalization. Additionally, there is the glottal stop as a null onset for English; in other words, it is the non-phonemic glottal stop occurring
Glottal_stop
Pronouncing "t" as a glottal stop
transcription delimiters. In English phonology, t-glottalization (also t-glottalisation) or t-glottalling is a sound change in certain English dialects and
T-glottalization
Topics referred to by the same term
Glottal can mean: related to the glottis related to the vocal folds glottal consonant related to glottalization This disambiguation page lists articles
Glottal
Place of articulation
of glottal stop in many languages. Gimi contrasts /ʔ/ and /˷/, corresponding to /k/ and /ɡ/ in related languages. Glottalic consonant Glottalization Place
Glottal_consonant
Speech sound produced in large part by the glottis
stops. However, when a sound is said to be glottalized, this is often not what is meant. Rather, glottalization usually means that a normal pulmonic airstream
Glottalic_consonant
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨h⟩ in IPA
A voiceless glottal fricative, sometimes called a voiceless glottal transition or an aspirate, is a type of sound used in some spoken languages. It is
Voiceless_glottal_fricative
Speech sound produced with continuous non-turbulent airflow
shown that the timing of glottalization for sonorants is fluid, and that they may be realized with: preglottalization (glottal onset), such as [ˀw]; postglottalization
Sonorant
Type of click consonant
as differing in nasality rather than in the type of glottalization. Miller treats the glottalization in these clicks as phonation, so that both oral and
Glottalized_click
Proposal in Proto-Indo-European phonology
argued for traces of glottalization being found in a number of attested Indo-European languages or the assumption of glottalization explaining previously
Glottalic_theory
the case of /tʃ/, pre-glottalization is common even before a vowel, as in teacher. According to Wells, this pre-glottalization originated in the 20th
Phonological history of English consonant clusters
Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters
Topics referred to by the same term
phonetics term glottal approximant refers to some speech sounds, including the following: Breathy-voiced glottal approximant Creaky-voiced glottal approximant
Glottal_approximant
Dialect of English
The term glottalization has several different meanings: the most important are glottal reinforcement (or pre-glottalization), where a glottal closure accompanies
Estuary_English
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɦ⟩ in IPA
A voiced glottal fricative, sometimes called a breathy-voiced glottal transition, is a type of sound used in some spoken languages. It is used by some
Voiced_glottal_fricative
Letter of the Latin alphabet
extended Latin alphabet characters are third and fourth from left. Glottalization Glottal stop § Writing ʾ (Modifier letter right half ring) ʕ (Reversed letter)
Glottal_stop_(letter)
Eighth letter of the Latin alphabet
represent a long vowel, /ɛː/, still represented a similar sound, the voiceless glottal fricative /h/. In this context, the letter eta is also known as Heta. Thus
H
Letter of the Latin alphabet
(Hawaiian pronunciation: [ʔoˈkinɐ]) is the letter that transcribes the glottal stop consonant in Hawaiian. It does not have distinct uppercase and lowercase
ʻOkina
Sounds spelled with the digraph ⟨th⟩
there: /raɪt ˈðɛə/ → [ɹaɪt̪ ˈt̪ɛə] (more commonly: [ɹaɪʔ ˈðɛə], with a glottal stop) fail the test: /ˈfeɪl ðə ˈtɛst/ → [ˈfeɪl̪ l̪ə ˈtɛst] The alveolar
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩
Mark used in Arabic-based orthographies
is an Arabic script character that, in the Arabic alphabet, denotes a glottal stop and, in non-Arabic languages, indicates a diphthong, vowel, or other
Hamza
Letter of the Latin alphabet
The reversed glottal stop, ⟨ʕ⟩ (majuscule: , minuscule: , superscript: ˤ), is a letter of the Latin script. It is used to denote a voiced pharyngeal
Reversed_glottal_stop
Consonantal sound
involve a different airstream mechanism: they are glottalized consonants and vowels whose glottalization partially or fully interrupts an otherwise normal
Ejective_consonant
First letter of many Semitic abjads
of a true consonant, a glottal stop ([ʔ]), the sound found in the catch in uh-oh. In Arabic, the alif represents the glottal stop pronunciation when
Aleph
Type of phonation
voice more because of the media they consume. Creaky-voiced glottal approximant T-glottalization Vocal fry register Titze, I. R. (2008). "The Human Instrument"
Creaky_voice
Articulation of consonants or vowels
STOP), which is used in the IPA for glottalization. There is no parallel Unicode distinction for modifier glottal stop. The IPA Handbook lists U+02E4
Pharyngealization
First letter of the Latin alphabet
aleph—the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet—where it represented a glottal stop [ʔ], as Phoenician only used consonantal letters. In turn, the ancestor
A
Feature of some tonal languages
feature of syllables in certain languages in which tone, vowel phonation, glottalization or similar features depend upon one another. It occurs in Bai, Burmese
Register_(phonology)
System of phonetic notation
imprecise transcription, it often stands in for a superscript glottal stop in glottalized but pulmonic sonorants, such as [mˀ], [lˀ], [wˀ], [aˀ] – also
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Opening between the vocal folds
involves moving the vocal cords close together is called glottal. English has a voiceless glottal transition spelled "h". This sound is produced by keeping
Glottis
Stage of the English language from the contemporary period
Shift Open back vowels Trisyllabic laxing Consonants Clusters Flapping H-dropping L-vocalization Ng Rhoticity T-glottalization Th fronting stopping Wh
Modern_English
Fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets
𐪀, South Arabian 𐩠, and Ge'ez ሀ. Its sound value is the voiceless glottal fricative ([h]). The proto-Canaanite letter gave rise to the Greek Epsilon
He_(letter)
Sixteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets
been lost altogether. In the revived Modern Hebrew it is reduced to a glottal stop or is omitted entirely, in part due to Ashkenazi European influence
Ayin
Letter of the Cyrillic script
represents the voiced velar plosive /ɡ/, like the ⟨g⟩ in gift, or the voiced glottal fricative [ɦ], like the ⟨h⟩ in behind. It is generally romanized using
Ge_(Cyrillic)
Consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases
vocal tract, forming a complete stricture. Plosives may be pulmonic or glottalic egressive. The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade (such
Plosive
Ninth letter of the Latin alphabet
𝼚 i : Superscript small i is used for computer terminal graphics Ꞽ ꞽ : Glottal I, used for Egyptological yod Ɪ ɪ : Small capital I ꟾ : Long I ꟷ : Sideways
I
Human vocal register
T-glottalization Uptalk Valleyspeak Also known as pulse register, laryngealization, pulse phonation, creaky voice, creak, croak, popcorning, glottal fry
Vocal_fry_register
Extinct Caddoan language of the Southern US
glottalization process by which any voiceless stop or affricate (except p) becomes an ejective when it is followed by a glottal stop. Glottalization [-sonorant
Caddo_language
Branch of the Chinese language family
disappeared in most of these varieties, but some have merged them as a final glottal stop. Many Mandarin varieties, including that of Beijing, retain retroflex
Mandarin_Chinese
Method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract
together with the ribs and lungs (pulmonic mechanisms), the glottis (glottalic mechanisms), and the tongue (lingual or "velaric" mechanisms). There are
Airstream_mechanism
Tenth letter of the Latin alphabet
such as jalapeño, English speakers usually pronounce ⟨j⟩ as the voiceless glottal fricative /h/, an approximation of the Spanish pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ (usually
J
Indigenous language of South America
much the glottal stop is dropped (for example aruʼuka > aruuka > aruka for "I have something brought"). It is possible that word-internal glottal stops may
Guarani_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʕ⟩ in IPA
glottal stop) has been variously described as a voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ], an epiglottal approximant [ʕ̞], or a retracted tongue root glottal stop
Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative
West Germanic language
"drawring" /ˈdrɔːrɪŋ/), t-glottalisation (Potter is pronounced with a glottal stop as Po'er /ˈpɒʔə/), and th-fronting, or the pronunciation of th- as
English_language
Phonemically contrasting consonant sounds
by tenseness or other characteristics, such as voicing, aspiration, glottalization, velarization, length, and length of nearby vowels. Fortis and lenis
Fortis_and_lenis
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in Standard Tagalog, probably influenced by Spanish, where the glottal stop
Tagalog_language
Letter in the Armenian alphabet
sixteenth letter of the Armenian alphabet, representing the voiceless glottal fricative (/h/). It is typically romanized with the letter H. It was part
Ho_(Armenian)
Sound made while inhaling by the nose or mouth
lingual ingressive or velaric ingressive (from the tongue and the velum), glottalic ingressive (from the glottis), and pulmonic ingressive (from the lungs)
Ingressive_sound
U.S. state
proper pronunciation of Hawaiian words. The Hawaiian language uses the glottal stop (ʻOkina) as a consonant. It is written as a symbol similar to the
Hawaii
Consonantal sound
A voiceless glottal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent
Voiceless_glottal_affricate
Native alphabet of the Korean language
Hangul orthography[citation needed] Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo-palatal Velar Glottal Obstruent Plosive Lax p (ㅂ) t (ㄷ) k (ㄱ) Tense p͈ (ㅃ) t͈ (ㄸ) k͈ (ㄲ) Aspirated
Hangul
Sound changes
consonants in clusters, especially nasals. Glottalization and pre-glottalization (insertion of a glottal stop in place of or before a /t/ or other stop)
Phonological history of English consonants
Phonological_history_of_English_consonants
Script used to write the Greek language
(yodh) and /w/ (waw) were used for [i] (Ι, iota) and [u] (Υ, upsilon); the glottal stop consonant /ʔ/ (aleph) was used for [a] (Α, alpha); the pharyngeal
Greek_alphabet
American singer (1937–1999)
vocalist, born in East St. Louis, Illinois, and known for his bellowing glottal-stop style of free jazz singing in the late 1960s and 1970s. Leon Thomas
Leon_Thomas_(jazz_singer)
Phonology of the English language
or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are
English_phonology
Unicode character
a number of Polynesian alphabets as the letter ʻokina to represent the glottal stop, and in the Uzbek alphabet to form the letters Oʻ and Gʻ, which correspond
Modifier_letter_turned_comma
Group of stop constants involving both ingressive and egressive mechanisms
group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. That is, the airstream
Implosive_consonant
Salishan language
rapid speech, there is optional loss of some instances of schwa, glottal stop, glottalization of resonants, and /h/. An unstressed schwa following an initial
Halkomelem
Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel
voiceless glottal transition, as in English hat [ɦ] breathy-voiced glottal transition In many languages, such as English or Korean, the glottal "fricatives"
Fricative
Consonantal sound
some speakers of Ndau and Tonga. The Tuu and Kxʼa languages also have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click
Nasal_bilabial_click
Phonological phenomenon of most Danish accents
involve glottalization. The Scottish Gaelic dialects of Argyll, particularly those of Islay, Jura, Gigha, Colonsay and Arran, feature a glottalization phenomenon
Stød
Secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages
Ubykh labzd voiced uvular stop [ɢʷ] Oowekyala, Kwak'wala, Tsakhur labzd glottal stop [ʔʷ] Adyghe, Kabardian, Lao, Tlingit prenasalized protruded voiceless
Labialization
Diacritical mark used in polytonic orthography
of the voiceless glottal fricative /h/ from the beginning of a word. Some authorities have interpreted it as representing a glottal stop, but a final
Smooth_breathing
Consonantal sound
A creaky-voiced glottal approximant is a consonant sound in some languages. It involves tension in the glottis and diminution of airflow, compared to
Creaky-voiced glottal approximant
Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in South Asia
are written ⟨s⟩. Glottalization in Atong is a feature that operates on the level of the syllable, and that manifests itself as a glottal stop at the end
Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)
Oceanic language spoken in Micronesia
glottal stop was not written with an explicit character. A word-final glottal stop was represented by doubling the final vowel letter. Glottalization
Yapese_language
Consonantal sound
Bantu languages. All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click
Nasal_lateral_click
Stop consonant without a release burst
are both unreleased and glottalized. Checked tone Glottal reinforcement Lateral release (phonetics) Nasal release T-glottalization D. D. Sharma (2003: 13)
No_audible_release
Austroasiatic language spoken in Laos and Thailand
combined with glottalized final consonants. This is very similar to the situation in the Pearic languages in which, however, the glottalization is in the
Thavung_language
Paragogic vowel that repeats the final vowel in a word
when a word ends with a glottal stop and comes at the end of an intonation unit, the final vowel is repeated after the glottal stop but is whispered and
Echo_vowel
Pronounced using the throat
vocal tract, such as the German ch or the Arabic ayin, but not simple glottal sounds like h. The term 'guttural language' is used for languages that
Guttural
Production of a sound while the velum is lowered
was a nasalised bilabial fricative [β̃]. Ganza has a phonemic nasalized glottal stop [ʔ̃] while Sundanese has it allophonically; nasalised stops can occur
Nasalization
Cyrillic letter
Palochka at U+04C0 and a rarer lower-case Palochka at U+04CF. Palochka marks glottal(ized) and pharyngeal(ized) consonants. The letter looks similar to the
Palochka
Austronesian language spoken in Vanuatu
Vanuatu language to have preserved the Proto-Oceanic *q, reflected as a glottal stop. /v/ may also range to bilabial as [β], in free variation. /h/ can
Namakura_language
Provincial park in British Columbia, Canada
"Tsʼil-os", "Tsʼyl-os", or "Tsylos". The "ʔ" in the name represents a glottal stop. The park was established January 1994 after a five-year planning
Tsʼilʔos_Provincial_Park
Letter of the Korean alphabet Hangul
consonant placeholder in vowel letters). However, ㅇ might take on the glottal stop [ʔ] sound on some occasions. It takes on the [ŋ] sound when it is
Ieung
Irish musician (1971–2018)
integrated many elements, such as the lilting voice, mournful keening, glottal ornamentation and a distinctive attack on syllables. Mikael Wood of Los
Dolores_O'Riordan
Medical condition
papillomatosis, also known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) or glottal papillomatosis, is a rare medical condition in which benign tumors (papilloma)
Laryngeal_papillomatosis
Variety of English language
(with new pronounced /nu/, not /nju/). Like many British accents, T glottalization is the norm in American accents, though only in particular environments
American_English
voiceless glottal affricate [ʔh] murmured glottal affricate [ʔɦ] murmured glottal fricative or transition & approximant [ɦ] voiceless glottal fricative
List_of_consonants
Alphabetic script for Santal people
indicate important features of Santali pronunciation (such as glottalization, combined glottalization and nasalization, and checked plosives, which can be more
Ol_Chiki_script
Oto-Manguean language group of Mexico
language shows the same distribution of consonants. The glottalization of vowels (heard as a glottal stop after the vowel, and analyzed as such in early analyses)
Mixtec_languages
Type of speech sound
speaking, as with all glottalic sonorants, the timing of glottalization for approximants is fluid. Additionally, the § labial and § glottal approximants are
Approximant
Process of creating phonetic sounds
the airstream, of which voicing is just one example. Voiceless and supra-glottal phonations are included under this definition. The phonatory process, or
Phonation
Subfamily of the Japonic languages
(Central Okinawan) restricts glottalization to glides and the vowels /a i/. Southern Ryukyuan mostly has little to no glottalization, with some exceptions (e
Ryukyuan_languages
Language
combination of the contrast between clear and breathy phonation with glottalization in unchecked syllables forms the four-tone system, per Ferlus (2014)
Arem_language
Tibetic language of Nepal and India
alternating with the glottal stop [k]~[ʔ]. The glottal stop, also being an allophone of word-final /k/, contrasts with non-glottal endings. One interesting
Sikkimese_Bhutia_language
Wakashan language of western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
phonologically as a stop. Glottalized sonorants (nasals and approximants) are realized as sonorants with pre-glottalization. They are arguably conceptually[vague]
Nuu-chah-nulth_language
Kwakʼwala dialect of British Columbia, Canada
Consonants[citation needed] Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal plain sibilant lateral plain lab. plain lab. Plosive/ Affricate voiceless p t
Liqʼwala
Consonantal sound
LINE. Styled as either a digit ⟨5⟩ with the top removed, or an inverted glottal stop ⟨ʔ⟩. It perhaps derives from a cedilla ⟨¸⟩ written in the size of
Lateral_click
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʡ⟩ in IPA
Postalveolar Retroflex (Alveolo-)palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal/epiglottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ̊ ɱ n̼ n̪̊ n̪ n̥ n n̠̊ n̠ ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ Plosive p b p̪
Epiglottal_plosive
Vocal register associated with speech and singing
resonant mode of vocal folds. It is characterized by balanced airflow and glottal tension to produce maximum vibration.[page needed] In linguistics, modal
Modal_voice
U.S. state
neighboring Eastern New England English. Some rural speakers realize the t as a glottal stop (mitten sounds like "mi'in" and Vermont like "Vermon' "). A dwindling
Vermont
Consonantal sound
language Damin. All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click
Nasal_alveolar_click
Twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
in native words as well as in loanwords). In Pirahã, ⟨x⟩ symbolizes the glottal stop /ʔ/. In Polish, ⟨x⟩ was used prior to 19th century both in loanwords
X
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
tones are both high-rising but the former is distinguished by having glottalization in the middle. Similarly, the nặng and huyền tones are both low-falling
Tone_(linguistics)
City in the Southern Levant
with a voiceless uvular plosive (/q/), as in Classical Arabic, or with a glottal stop (ʔ) as in Levantine Arabic. Official Israeli government policy mandates
Jerusalem
Unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds
with a vowel may be pronounced with an epenthetic glottal stop when following a pause, though the glottal stop may not be a phoneme in the language. Few
Syllable
Overview of the English /r/
Cot–caught merger Drawl Flapping Flat A H-dropping L-vocalization NG R Rhoticity T-glottalization TH WH Related topics History of English Spelling v t e
Pronunciation_of_English_/r/
Consonantal sound
Yeyi language. All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click
Nasal_palatal_click
Kartvelian language of western Georgia
voiced/voiceless ones (respectively). glottalization of consonants before the glottalized ones and the glottal stop. If the stem contains r then the suffixes
Mingrelian_language
Speech sound made by exhaling air
three types of egressive sounds are pulmonic egressive (from the lungs), glottalic egressive (from the glottis), and lingual (velaric) egressive (from the
Egressive_sound
GLOTTALIZATION
GLOTTALIZATION
GLOTTALIZATION
GLOTTALIZATION
Boy/Male
English
From the heath.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Servant of the guardian of faith
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Ayyappa, Jewel of the gods
Boy/Male
Bengali, Greek, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
The Poet; Dramatist; A Devotee of Goddess Kali
Female
Scottish
Scottish form of Irish Gaelic Sláine, SLÀINE means "health."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English hose, huse ‘brambles’, ‘thorns’.English : habitational name from a place in Leicestershire, named from Old English hÅs, plural of hÅh ‘spur of land’ (literally ‘heel’), or a topographic name with the same meaning.English and German : metonymic occupational name from Middle English, Middle Low and High German hose ‘hose’, ‘leggings’, denoting a knitter or seller of hose, or a nickname for someone who habitually wore noticeble legwear.German (Upper Saxony) : apparently from a Czech personal name, Hos, a reduced form of Johannes (see John).
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dakshaja | தகà¯à®·à®¾à®œà®¾
Daughter
Girl/Female
Muslim
Diminutive of Malaka, Angel
Boy/Male
Tamil
Harakodhandarama | ஹராகோதாநà¯à®¤à®¾à®°à®®à®¾à®‚
Armed with the curved kodhanda bow
Boy/Male
Spanish Latin Shakespearean
Wealthy.
GLOTTALIZATION
GLOTTALIZATION
GLOTTALIZATION
GLOTTALIZATION
GLOTTALIZATION