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System for powering electric vehicles
Ground-level power supply, also known as surface current collection or, in French, alimentation par le sol ("feeding via the ground"), is a concept and
Ground-level_power_supply
Topics referred to by the same term
containing Ground level Altitude above ground level, in aviation Ground (disambiguation) Ground-level ozone Ground-level power supply, in rapid transit Level (disambiguation)
Ground_level
Power supply connections for integrated circuits
voltage inputs of ICs like op amps. For power supplies, sometimes one of the supply rails is referred to as ground (abbreviated "GND") – positive and negative
IC_power-supply_pin
Street-running rail transit
current collection or ground-level power supply; the main example of this is the new tramway in Bordeaux. A ground-level power supply system, also called
Tram
Road which supplies electric power to vehicles travelling on it
supplies electric power to vehicles travelling on it. Common implementations are overhead power lines above the road, ground-level power supply through conductive
Electric_road
Tram system serving the city of Bordeaux
December 2003. The system is notable for using the Alstom APS ground-level power supply system in the city centre. It has been operated by Keolis since
Bordeaux_tramway
Alternative method of third rail electrical pick-up for street trams
literally means "feeding via the ground"), and later rebranded as Aesthetic Power Supply) is a form of ground-level power supply for street trams and, potentially
Alstom_APS
for ground-level power supply, are scheduled to be published by the end 2024, detailing complete "specifications for communication and power supply through
Conductive_charging
Form of passenger urban rail transit
D.C. In Bordeaux, the tram network uses a ground-level third rail in the city center, segmented and powered only under trams to ensure safety. Outside
Light_rail
Obsolete method to power streetcars
tunnel under the roadway. Modern systems fall under the term ground-level power supply. The system is primarily composed of a channel, or conduit, excavated
Conduit_current_collection
Installation for charging electric vehicles
chargepoint, or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is a power supply device that supplies electrical power for recharging the onboard battery
Charging_station
Vehicle propelled fully or mostly by electricity
supplies electric power to vehicles travelling on it. Common implementations are overhead power lines above the road, ground-level power supply through conductive
Electric_vehicle
Electronic device that converts or regulates electric energy and supplies it to a load
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric current
Power_supply
Power supply system for electric trams
The stud contact system is an obsolete ground-level power supply system for electric trams. The studs were insulating, ceramic cylinders with their tops
Stud_contact_system
Nantes. The tram has seen a revival with experiments such as ground-level power supply in Bordeaux, or trolleybuses designed to resemble trams in Nancy
Transport_in_France
performance, even at crossings and road-junctions Ground-level power supply is an alternative to overhead power lines. The most common version is the conduit
Road-powered_electric_vehicle
Topics referred to by the same term
rail Fourth rail Conduit current collection Current collector Ground-level power supply Guide bar Stud contact system This disambiguation page lists articles
Contact_rail
Method of providing electric power to a railway train
implementing a segmented ground-level power supply, where each segment is electrified only while covered by a vehicle which is using its power. The system is generally
Third_rail
interoperable solution" for ground-level power supply electric road systems, detailing complete specifications for "communication and power supply through conductive
Swedish Transport Administration electric road program
Swedish_Transport_Administration_electric_road_program
Supercapacitor electric tram system from Spain
metre gauge tram systems. ACR's most direct competitor is the ground-level power supply (APS) marketed by Alstom; CAF differentiates ACR against APS through
Acumulador_de_Carga_Rápida
Tram system in Dubai
and the Reims and Angers tramways in 2011, to be powered by the Alstom APS ground-level power supply system. The planning and construction of the Dubai
Dubai_Tram
DC power through microphone cables
used in other applications where power supply and signal communication take place over the same wires. Phantom power supplies are often built into mixing
Phantom_power
Internal computer component that provides power to other components
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a desktop computer. Modern personal computers
Power_supply_unit_(computer)
Topics referred to by the same term
system for electric cables Conduit current collection, a system of ground-level power supply Duct (flow), for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning Conduit
Conduit
Tramway system serving Nice
and are equipped with a Ground-level power supply and batteries. Nice tramway was originally to use the ground-level power supply third rail system as used
Nice_tramway
French tram system
city centre. This ground-level power supply system, pioneered by the Tramway de Bordeaux, allows the trams to be powered by a ground level third rail instead
Reims_tramway
Electrical device that uses batteries to prevent any interruption of power flow
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or uninterruptible power source is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source
Uninterruptible_power_supply
French rolling stock manufacturer
1996 to 2022) Bombardier MultiLevel Coach Alstom has developed a ground-level power supply (alimentation par le sol - APS) system for use with buses and
Alstom
Topics referred to by the same term
Pedestrian Signal, a pedestrian crossing Alstom APS, electrical ground-level power supply for trams Auxiliary Propulsion System of the S-IVB launch vehicle
APS
Tramway network in Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
throughout the rest of the metropolitan area. The Alstom APS ground-level power supply has been used on two parts of the line totalling 1.5 km (0.93 mi)
Angers_tramway
New technologies actively in development
"PD CLC/TS 50717 Technical Requirements for Current Collectors for ground-level feeding system on road vehicles in operation", The British Standards
List_of_emerging_technologies
Topics referred to by the same term
Conductor rail may refer to: A third rail A fourth rail A Ground-level power supply Conduit current collection Linear motor Stud contact system The guide
Conductor_rail
Type of lower-voltage electricity most commonly provided by utilities
general-purpose alternating current (AC) electric power supply. It is the form of electrical power that is delivered to homes and businesses through the
Mains_electricity
Bus powered by electricity
(like the overhead conduction poles in trolleybuses), or with a ground-level power supply, or through inductive charging. As of 2017, 99% of all battery
Electric_bus
has also been a strong emphasis on tramway innovations such as ground-level power supply in Bordeaux and trams on tyres in Nancy. The French government
Trams_in_France
Reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured
attached to one side of the power supply (such as the "ground plane" on a printed circuit board), which serves as the common ground, the common return path
Ground_(electricity)
First hydrogen fuel cell powered passenger aircraft flight DLR HY4. 2017 - First 100% low-floor tram Ground-level power supply technology, TramWave, opening
Timeline of transportation technology
Timeline_of_transportation_technology
Providing electrical power from shore to a ship
Shore power or shore supply is the provision of shoreside electrical power to a ship at berth allowing its engines to be shut down. While the term originates
Shore_power
Device that carries electrical power from lines or rails
locomotives and EMUs to carry electric power (current) from overhead lines, electric third rails, or ground-level power supplies to the electrical equipment
Current_collector
Use of currents for propulsion of trains
traction units use current drawn from a third rail, fourth rail, ground-level power supply or an overhead line. AC voltage is converted into DC voltage by
Railway_electric_traction
Motherboard and power supply configuration
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) is a motherboard and power supply form factor and configuration specification developed by Intel. It aimed to improve
ATX
Power supply with switching regulator
A switched-mode power supply (SMPS), also called switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, or simply switcher, is
Switched-mode_power_supply
Family of light rail vehicles
indirectly through induction, through buried loops, a form of ground-level power supply competing directly with the Alstom APS system. The Flexity Freedom
Flexity_Freedom
Company
recessed wireless recharging strip, using electromagnetic induction. Ground-level power supply "IAV in Figures". IAV GmbH. IAV.com. January 2014. Archived from
IAV_GmbH
Type of wireless power transfer
Conductive wireless charging Ground-level power supply Litz wire Wardenclyffe Tower Wireless power transfer Wireless Power Consortium Brian Dipert (March
Inductive_charging
tram has seen a very big revival with many experiments such as ground level power supply in Oradea. According to the CIA Factbook, in 2022 Romania had
Transport_in_Romania
Terms used for passenger railway lines and equipment
interconnections that are often too difficult or dangerous to cross at ground level. In Canada, the term subway may be used in either sense. The usage of
Passenger_rail_terminology
Type of electric vehicle
Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit Ground-level power supply Gyrobus Inductive charging of electric vehicles Wireless power transfer Ridden, Paul (20 August
Online_electric_vehicle
Final stage of electricity delivery to individual consumers in a power grid
demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the subtransmission level. The transition from transmission
Electric_power_distribution
Type of guided articulated bus
In-motion charging electric bus List of battery operated trams Ground-level power supply Solar bus Wright StreetCar Occasionally also autonomous rail rapid
Autonomous_Rapid_Transit
Cable that provides power to electric railways, trams, and trolleybuses
clearance. Alternative electrical power transmission schemes for trains include third rail, ground-level power supply, batteries and electromagnetic induction
Overhead_line
chief engineer of the CSR subsidiary CRRC Qingdao Sifang 2017 – Ground-level power supply technology, TramWave, developed by Italian company Ansaldo, successfully
Timeline_of_railway_history
Family of low-floor trams and light rail vehicles
collection entirely. The most popular solution is Alstom's proprietary ground-level power supply (APS, first used in Bordeaux and subsequently in Angers, Reims
Citadis
(the Dolter stud system), and currently in Bordeaux, France (the ground-level power supply system). The convenience and economy of electricity resulted in
History_of_trams
Light rail system in Brazil
has equipped approximately 80% of the line with its proprietary ground-level power supply (APS) system. The remaining 20% uses on-board supercapacitor-based
Rio_de_Janeiro_Light_Rail
Capacitor used to prevent energy transfer between two circuits
spikes or ground bounce, for example – so the change of state of one device is coupled to others through the common impedance to the power supply. A decoupling
Decoupling_capacitor
Parovića St. Požeška St. (Banovo Brdo terminus) Belgrade Metro Ground-level power supply Direkcija za gradjevinsko zemljište i izgradnju Beograda - BELAM
BELAM
Power system designed to supply usable electric power from solar energy
also called a PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists
Photovoltaic_system
Redevelopment of Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong
the monorail system and other proposing a tram system (using ground-level power supply) as a more feasible alternative. Hong Kong's Route 6 is proposed
Kai_Tak_Development
energy storage Grid-tie inverter Ground (electricity) Ground and neutral Ground-level power supply Growler (electrical device) GSM Gunn diode Gyrotron H
Index of electrical engineering articles
Index_of_electrical_engineering_articles
Roads with embedded electronics
for ground-level power supply, are scheduled to be published by the end 2024, detailing complete "specifications for communication and power supply through
Smart_highway
Device that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
A typical power inverter device or circuit requires a stable DC power source capable of supplying enough current for the intended power demands of the
Power_inverter
methods not found in many trams around the world. These trams use ground-level power supply; in other words, the trams do not need overhead cables. This recently
Transport_in_Dubai
Transportation system in which vehicles operate on both public roads and on a guideway
road–rail vehicles.[citation needed] Similar to model trains, the ground level power supply is transported through the metal track to the vehicle. Because
Dual-mode_vehicle
Type of transportation vehicle
recharging, using 24–32 kWh EDLC supercapacitors. Pantographs and ground-level power supply current collectors are integrated in bus stops to recharge electric
Capacitor_electric_vehicle
rail portal Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system Conduit current collection Current collector Ground level power supply List of tram systems by gauge and
List of railway electrification systems
List_of_railway_electrification_systems
plug and socket types, nominal supply voltages, and AC supply frequencies commonly used for delivering electrical power to low-voltage appliances, equipment
Mains_electricity_by_country
Form of alternating current
becoming the first commercial application. In a symmetric three-phase power supply system, three conductors each carry an alternating current of the same
Three-phase_electric_power
Electronic amplifier, a circuit component
are used in medical instruments to ensure isolation of a patient from power supply leakage current. Amplifiers with an isolation barrier allow the front-end
Isolation_amplifier
Conversion of railways to use electricity for propulsion
Third rail Fourth rail Ground-level power supply The selection of an electrification system is based on the economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital
Railway_electrification
Electric vehicle charging connector in North America
to as chargers, but they are "electric vehicle supply equipment" (EVSE), since they only supply AC power to the vehicle's on-board charger, which then
SAE_J1772
Electrical safety device used in household wiring
prevention of any re-activation of the power supply after any inadvertent form of power outage, as soon as the mains supply becomes re-established; latch relates
Residual-current_device
Type of electrical circuit
overvoltage or surge condition of an AC power supply unit from damaging the circuits attached to the power supply. It operates by putting a short circuit
Crowbar_(circuit)
Defect that causes abnormal electric current
form between power system conductors and ground. Such an arc can have a relatively high impedance (compared to the normal operating levels of the system)
Electrical_fault
Energy company in Uttar Pradesh, India
The Kanpur Electricity Supply Company Ltd. (KESCo) is a Government of Uttar Pradesh undertaking, part of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, it was
Kanpur Electricity Supply Company
Kanpur_Electricity_Supply_Company
Equipment for servicing aircraft between flights
and lavatory carts. A ground power unit (GPU) is a vehicle capable of supplying power to aircraft parked on the ground. Ground power units may also be built
Ground_support_equipment
Facilities including pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another
gravitational challenges, and are essential for maintaining navigable canal levels, supplying water, and managing sewage and floodwaters. In canal systems, pumping
Pumping_station
Conversion of electrical energy from one form to another
Switched-mode power supply, SMPS (inverter stage) Rotary converter Variable-frequency drive Devices that convert one DC voltage/current level to another:
Electric_power_conversion
fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) See residual-current device. ground-level power supply A system for providing powers for electric trams without overhead
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering
Electrical equipment
It is intended to give an alert (light and sound) or disconnect the power supply when the resistance between the two conductors drops below a set value
Insulation_monitoring_device
Semiconductor memory supply crisis
A global computer memory supply shortage started in 2025 due to supply constraints and rapid price escalation in the semiconductor memory market, particularly
2025–present global memory supply shortage
2025–present_global_memory_supply_shortage
Tram network in Tours, France
this section, the Alstom trams will use Alstom APS, a type of ground-level power supply. Line B will use 19 seven-section CAF Urbos trams that are 43
Tours_tramway
Tram stop in Bordeaux, France
located by Maréchal Juin Boulevard in Bordeaux. The change to ground-level power supply (APS) at this station allows an absence of overhead lines in downtown
Palais_de_Justice_tram_stop
Electronic component to ensure a known state for a signal
connection of other components to a low impedance logic-level source, such as ground, positive supply voltage (VCC), or an actively-driven logic circuit output
Pull-up_resistor
Ground mounted transformer
A padmount or pad-mounted transformer is a ground-mounted electric power distribution transformer in a locked steel cabinet mounted on a concrete pad
Pad-mounted_transformer
Integrated circuit logic family
the power supply variations on the logic levels. ECL is more sensitive to noise on the VCC and is relatively immune to noise on VEE. Because ground should
Emitter-coupled_logic
Interconnection standard
in the dock or external signal conversion adapter powered by 3.3 V DisplayPort power. Power supply from both the host (docking station) and portable device
PDMI
Standard for connecting GPUs to power supplies
to handle power excursion, short-term peak loads that exceed the stated maximum (sustained) permitted power on the connector. A power supply must be able
12VHPWR
Tram network in the Barcelona area
Verdaguer in November 2024, with this section featuring Alstom's ground-level power supply (APS). Trambesòs uses exclusive infrastructure such as a reserved
Trambesòs
1997 video game
this for weapon and ammo pickups, power-ups, and occasionally decorations, such as the tombstones in the first level of episode one, "Cradle to Grave"
Blood_(video_game)
Gravity dam on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia
when at full supply level of 640 m (2,100 ft) above sea level. The full supply level is therefore 140 m (460 ft) above the ground level of the main dam
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam
Cable with three ends
the door to conflicting phantom-power supply problems, and makes ground loops very likely. The way around the ground-loop issue — this applies to active
Y-cable
Nuclear power station located near Kemmerer, WY
understanding with Centrus Energy in 2023 to supply high-assay low-enriched uranium fuel for the power station. TerraPower submitted their application for the
Kemmerer_Power_Station
Series of transistor–transistor logic integrated circuits
the later series in DIP packages (in particular, ground was connected to pin 11 and the power supply to pin 4, compared to pins 7 and 14 for DIP packages)
7400-series integrated circuits
7400-series_integrated_circuits
Voltage within a computing core
which conserve power. This presents the CMOS designer with a challenge, because in CMOS the voltages go only to ground and the supply voltage, the source
CPU_core_voltage
Electrical grounding for safety or function
Canada, where the supply voltage is only 120 V relative to ground (two opposite-phase 120 V lines are used to provide 240 V), power outlets installed
Earthing_system
Island in Cebu Strait, Philippines
rich in marine resources. Residents in the island are fisherfolks that supply seafoods to the markets in nearby Metro Cebu. With an area of around only
Bilangbilangan_Island
Electrical connector for audio and lighting
audio, portable intercom, DMX512 lighting control, and for low-voltage power supply. XLR connectors are part of the international standard for dimensions
XLR_connector
Amplifier
there are 2 fuses per individual power supply. There is a ground screw inside the front-bezel which links the ground to several of the AU-11000's circuit
Sansui_AU-11000
Battery electric multiple unit Comparison of train and tram tracks Ground-level power supply List of tram and light rail transit systems List of battery operated
List of tram systems by gauge and electrification
List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification
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GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
GROUND LEVEL-POWER-SUPPLY
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