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Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia
were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures
Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Language of the Bronze Age civilization of the Indus Valley
The Harappan language, also known as the Indus language, is the unknown language or languages of the Bronze Age (c. 3300 to 1300 BC) Harappan civilisation
Harappan_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Harappan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Harappan may refer to: Aspects related to Harappa, an archaeological site (c. 3300–1600 BC) and city
Harappan
Bronze Age Indus Valley architecture
Harappan architecture is the architecture of the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization, an ancient society of people who lived during c. 3300 BCE to 1300
Harappan_architecture
Symbols of the Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus script, also known as the Harappan script and the Indus Valley script, is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilisation. Most
Indus_script
Prehistoric eras of the Indus Valley Civilisation
the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, newer periodisations include the
Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
Periodisation_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan
acres) with clay brick houses, at its greatest extent during the Mature Harappan phase (2600 BC – 1900 BC), which is considered large for its time. The
Harappa
Archaeological site and village in Haryana, India
efforts to legitimate the Hindutva ideology which identifies the ancient Harappans (incorrectly) with the Vedas and Sanskrit, in order to synthesize the
Bhirrana
Deified river mentioned in the Vedas and ancient Indian epics
dried-up some 4,000 years ago, becoming an intermittent river, and the urban Harappan civilisation declined, becoming localized in smaller agricultural communities
Saraswati_River
Intermittent river in India and Pakistan
barrage, and as Hakra downstream of the barrage in the Thar Desert. In pre-Harappan times the Ghaggar was a tributary of the Sutlej. It is still connected
Ghaggar-Hakra_River
Archaeological site in Haryana, India
the Indus Valley Civilisation, being part of the pre-Harappan (6000?/4600-3300 BC), early Harappan (3300-2600 BC), and the mature phase (2600-1900 BC)
Rakhigarhi
Indus Valley Civilisation site in Gujarat, India
Dholavira's location is on the Tropic of Cancer. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and the most prominent archaeological site in India belonging to
Dholavira
Town on the banks of the Ghaggar River in India
called "Early Harappan or antecedent Harappan". Other nearby sites belonging to IVC include Balu, Kunal, and Banawali. This Early Harappan phase (also called
Kalibangan
Archaeological site in Uttar Pradesh, India
ascribed by excavation director Sharma to the Harappan civilisation, though a Late Harappan Phase or post-Harappan identification is more likely. Major findings
Sinauli
Archaeological Site in Haryana, India
Kunal is a pre-Harappan Indus Valley Civilisation settlement located, just 30 km from Fatehabad City in Fatehabad district of Haryana state in India. Compared
Kunal,_Haryana
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilisation, was a major early civilisation, existing from 3300–1300 BCE in the northwest
List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites
List_of_Indus_Valley_Civilisation_sites
Archaeological site in Haryana, India
I: Pre-Harappan (Kalibangan)(c.2500-2300 BCE) Period IA: Pre-defence Phase Period IB: Defence Phase Period IC: Transitional Phase (Proto-Harappan) Period
Banawali
Archeological site that predates the Indus Civilization
Later, these cultures came into contact with the Harappan culture and evolved into the Mature Harappan culture. The earliest examples of artifacts belonging
Kot_Diji
Pearson Education. pp. 151–155. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0. "Dholavira: a Harappan City". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2022-01-14. Singh, Upinder
Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Architecture of India from the Bronze Age to the 9th century CE
dated back to 2600 BCE, excavation at Kalibangan from the early or proto-Harappan period already shows an urban development with fortification, grid layout
Ancient_Indian_architecture
Bronze Age culture of the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Late Harappan culture and the Vedic culture. Archaeologist Akinori Uesugi [ja] considers it as an archaeological continuity of the previous Harappan Bara
Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_culture
Bronze Age culture in northern Indian subcontinent
about 1300 BCE. It is regarded as a regional form of the late phase of the Harappan (Indus Valley) civilisation (alongside the Jhukar culture of Sindh and
Cemetery_H_culture
Ancient non-Aryan tribe
administrative classifications. Specifically, āndhra-bhṛtya is derived from the Harappan JAR-MAN signs (-anṟ- aṇ), meaning "one subordinate to another person".
Andhras
Ancient settlement in Sindh province of Pakistan
indigenous culture which had common elements, later they came in contact with Harappan culture and fully developed into mature phase of Indus Valley Civilisation
Amri,_Sindh
Prominent city of the ancient Indus valley civilization (present-day Gujarat, India)
Sabarmati River on the trade route. This trade route stretched between Harappan cities in Sindh and the Kathiawar Peninsula where the surrounding Kutch
Lothal
has non-Harappan phases during 6000 BC to 4000 BC, and later Harappan Phases till 1300 BCE. Bhirrana culture is likely the oldest pre-Harappan neolithic
Pottery in the Indian subcontinent
Pottery_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
Religions that originated on the Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent comes from scattered Mesolithic rock paintings. The Harappan people of the Indus Valley Civilisation, which lasted from 3300 to 1300
Indian_religions
Trading colony of the Indus Valley Civilization established around 2000 BC
Afghanistan, was a trading colony of the Indus Valley Civilisation (or Harappan Civilisation) established around 2000 BC on the Oxus river (Amu Darya)
Shortugai
Country in South Asia
BCE, perhaps by way of the Khyber Pass. They fused with the indigenous Harappan culture of the Indus Valley, and elements of the pre-Aryan spiritual traditions
Pakistan
artifacts have been found in Late Harappan (1900-1300 BCE) sites, indicating that horses may have been present at Late Harappan times, horses did not play an
History of the horse in the Indian subcontinent
History_of_the_horse_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
Arid region in India and Pakistan
further, the dried-up Hakra became an intermittent river, and the urban Harappan civilisation declined, becoming localized in smaller agricultural communities
Thar_Desert
Archaeological site in India
India. It belongs with ancient Indus Valley civilization. Pre Harappan and Harappan pottery has been found after excavation. Show zoomed out Show zoomed
Baror
Country in West Asia
above one metre (3 ft 3 in) in height, is much taller than any possible Mesopotamian or Harappan models. Photo courtesy of the National Museum of Korea.
Saudi_Arabia
Culture of the Indus Valley Civilization
initially developed independently of the Harappan culture branch of the Indus Valley Civilization from a pre-Harappan tradition, although the two cultures
Bara_culture
gateway of the city, and is generally known as the Dholavira Signboard. The Harappans had arranged and set pieces of the mineral gypsum to form ten large symbols
List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilisation
List_of_inventions_and_discoveries_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation
North Indian Iron Age culture
site, from Early Harappan, through Mature Harappan, Late Harappan, and into a period overlap between the later part of the Harappan phase (with a "noticeable
Painted_Grey_Ware_culture
Find-complexes in the western Ganges-Yamuna doab in the Indian subcontinent
Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP), which is closely associated with the Late Harappan (or Posturban) phase of the IVC. Associations with the Indo-Aryan of the
Copper_Hoard_culture
Archaeological site in Rajasthan, India
and articles of Harappan period. Excavations discovered many mud brick houses from early Harappan (3300-2600 BCE) to mature Harappan (2600-1900 BCE) periods
Karanpura
Archeological site in Haryana, India
Mature Harappan period (ca. 2600-1900 B.C) of the Indus Valley Civilization. Early Harappan - Kalibangan-I Period - 3200-2800 BC Classic Harappan Period
Mitathal
the trend for Hindu interpretations of archaeological evidence from the Harappan sites was that of John Marshall, who in 1931 identified the following as
Religion of the Indus Valley Civilisation
Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Indo-Iranian term for a spoked-wheel chariot
Valley Civilization, but not of chariots. According to Kenoyer, During the Harappan Period (Harappa Phase, 2600–1900 BC) there was a dramatic increase in the
Ratha
Indus Valley material culture
culture was a material culture which is contemporaneous with the early Harappan Ravi phase culture (3300–2800 BCE) of the Indus Valley in Northern India
Hakra_Ware_culture
gray "local" ware. P. Ajitprasad and V. H. Sonawane described these non-Harappan ceramics from north Gujarat as the "Anarta ware". Anarta is a historical
Anarta_tradition
Archeological site in Gujarat, India
Culture or Early Harappan period a part of Sorath Harappan, Indus Valley culture. Structures belonging to Early Harappan and Mature Harappan periods were
Kerala-no-dhoro
Rivers mentioned in the Hindu Rig Veda
present-day Ghaggar-Hakra river-course, with Aryavarta/Kuru kingdom, and pre-Harappan Hakra/Shutudri-Yamuna paleochannels as proposed by Clift et al. (2012)
Rigvedic_rivers
Canal in Pakistan
Gagghar-Hakra river-course, with Aryavarta/Kuru kingdom, dried-up Harappan Hakkra course, and pre-Harappan paleochannel as proposed by Clift et al. (2012). 1 = ancient
Nara_Canal
Locations where civilization emerged
including the water buffalo. 2600 to 1900 BC marks the Mature Harappan Phase during which Early Harappan communities turned into large urban centers including
Cradle_of_civilization
View that the Indo-Aryans are indigenous to India
of an Aryan "invasion" was fueled by the discovery of the Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilisation, which declined around the period of the Indo-Aryan migration
Indigenous_Aryanism
Settlement in Gujarat, India
undertaken by The Maharaja Sayyajirao University, Baroda and a unique Harappan seal (from modern Pakistan), which is hollow inside and first of its kind
Gola_Dhoro
Archaeological site in Uttar Pradesh, India
Civilization that thrived along the Ganga-Yamuna Doab (c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan-Bara period, located in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the
Alamgirpur
South Asian ethnolinguistic group
late Harappan period, followed by eastward migrations before the Indo-Aryan migration into the Indian subcontinent. The process of post-Harappan/Dravidian
Dravidian_peoples
City in Gujarat india
of oil and gas. Khambhāt is perhaps the only place in India where the Harappan craft of agate bead making is found in the living tradition. Surprisingly
Khambhāt
Indus Valley Civilisation bronze sculpture
engraving on a piece of red potsherd, discovered at Bhirrana, India, a Harappan site in Fatehabad district in Haryana, shows an image that is evocative
Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)
Dancing_Girl_(prehistoric_sculpture)
Village in Gujarat, India
revealed a site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilisation, also known as the Harappan civilisation. The fort of the village was built in the 19th century. It
Shikarpur,_Gujarat
Pre-Harappan Mehrgarh Bronze Age India (3340 BC – 1350 BC) Indus Valley Civilization Early Harappan Early Mature Harappan Mature Harappan Late Harappan Punjab
List_of_time_periods
Archaeological site in India
considered as an Early Harappan and Mature Harappan site (Indus Valley civilization). There are no indications that a Late Harappan phase existed. In the
Binjor
Ancient settlement in Pakistan
Rehman Dheri or sometime Rahman Dheri (Urdu: رحمان ڈھیری) is a Pre-Harappan Archaeological Site situated near Dera Ismail Khan in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Rehman_Dheri
where cotton was cultivated and used even as early as 2500 BCE during the Harappan era. The remnants of the ancient Indian clothing can be found in the figurines
History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent
History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
Neolithic archaeological site in Balochistan, Pakistan
Middle East: a revised view from the eastern margin. In: Possehl G, editor. Harappan civilization. New Delhi (India): Oxford University Press and India Book
Mehrgarh
Island in Gujarat, India
connection to Dholavira, an ancient city of the Indus Valley Civilization. The Harappans extracted over three million cubic meters of earth and rock from the island
Khadir_Bet
Archaeological site in Sindh, Pakistan
largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, also known as the Harappan Civilisation, which developed c. 3000 BC from the prehistoric Indus culture
Mohenjo-daro
1858–1947 Crown rule in India
Civilisation (3300–1300 BC) – Early Harappan culture (3300–2600 BC) – Mature Harappan culture (2600–1900 BC) – Late Harappan culture (1900–1300 BC) Vedic Civilisation
British_Raj
Archaeological site
Excavations at Nindowari indicate that the area was initially inhabited by the Harappans, with subsequent occupation by the Kulli civilisation. Archaeological
Nindowari
Archaeological site in Balochistan, Pakistan
Sokhta Koh (also known as Sotka Koh; lit. "burnt hill") is a Harappan site on the Makran coast, near the city of Pasni, in the Balochistan province of
Sokhta_Koh
Clay-based earthenware used for sculpture
terracotta in Ancient Egypt. Terracotta has been a medium for art since the Harappan civilization, although techniques used differed in each time period. In
Terracotta
One hundred years, from 3000 BC to 2901 BC
3000 BC: Early agriculture in North Africa. c. 3300 BC – 2600 BC: Early Harappan period continues in the Indus Valley. c. 3000 BC: Camels are domesticated
30th_century_BC
Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India. This site belongs to the late Harappan period, with a mixture of Ochre Coloured Pottery. Indus Valley Civilization
Bargaon_(archaeological_site)
and not the intricate civilization of the Indus cities, befitting a post-Harappan time frame. In particular, Indo-Aryan words for plants stem in large part
Substratum_in_Vedic_Sanskrit
Archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization
subtype of Late-Harappan Phase Black and red ware, belonging to Neolithic and Pre-Harappan phases Kunal culture, subtype of Pre-Harappan Phase Sothi-Siswal
Sothi_(archaeology)
Material derived from the tusks and teeth of animals
abundance and was used for trading in Harappan civilization. Finished ivory products that were seen in Harappan sites include kohl sticks, pins, awls
Ivory
Archeological site in Kutch, Gujarat, India
is not the same as other Harappan / Indus Valley civilization sites. The dates from Surkotada are later than most Harappan sites but conform well with
Surkotada
Archeological site in Haryana, India
significant particularly for its burial site, with 70 burials, of the Mature Harappan period (2500–2000 BC) and fairly recent addition (excavation started during
Farmana
Overview of the Indian subcontinent during the Bronze Age
Early Harappan (Early Bronze Age) Regionalisation Era c. 4000–2500/2300 BCE (Shaffer) c. 5000–3200 BCE (Coningham & Young) 3300–2800 Harappan 1 (Ravi
Bronze_Age_India
Archaeological site in Pakistan
early Harappa/pre-Harappan pottery on Makran coast of Pakistan Interactive map of Kot Bala Type Archaeological site Periods Pre-Harappan to Indus Valley
Kot_Bala
Village in Haryana, India
culture / subculture. This culture is a pre-Harappan culture which was contemporaneous with the Early-Harappan culture, with which it had trade and/or social
Siswal
Desert sanctuary in Gujarat, India
of the flamingoes, is the ancient excavated city of Dholavira from the Harappan civilization, attracting archaeologists from around the world. This sanctuary
Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary
Kutch_Desert_Wildlife_Sanctuary
Archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan
recognised in the history of the Indus Valley; Early Harappan, Harappan and post-Harappan. The Early Harappan refers to the period between 3300 and 2600 BCE
Ganweriwal
Indian archaeologist
2016. He was the first author on the long-awaited 2019 paper "An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers," on
Vasant_Shinde_(archaeologist)
Structure at the ruins of Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan
Great Bath is one of the best-known structures among the ruins of the Harappan Civilization, excavated at Mohenjo-daro in present-day Sindh province of
Great_Bath
Museum in New Delhi, India
Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization. It has the world's most representative collection of antiquities of the Harappan civilization
National_Museum_of_India
Ancient archaeological site in Gujarat, western India
unassociated with Pottery : 3000 BC Period II - Harappan : 2000–1500 BC Period II B - Late Harappan : 1500–1100 BC Period II C - Transition Phase of
Rangpur,_Gujarat
River
present-day Gagghar-Hakra river-course, with Aryavarta/Kuru kingdom, and (pre-)Harappan Hakkra/Sutlej-Yamuna paleochannels. See also this satellite image. 1 =
Drishadvati_River
Village in Maharashtra
the direction of S. A. Sali. Discoveries at Daimabad suggest that Late Harappan culture extended into the Deccan Plateau in India. Daimabad is famous for
Daimabad
Country in South Asia
Image-Based Approach to the Mythological and Narrative Imagery of the Harappan World". In Ameri, Marta; Costello, Sarah Kielt; Jamison, Gregg; Scott,
India
Village in Gujarat, India
fragments are indicative of the occupation of Harappan people in the region from the Early Harappan to Late Harappan periods circa 3200 BCE to 1700 BCE, and
Khatiya
Ancient decorative bead
were made according to a technique of alkaline-etching developed by the Harappans, and vast quantities of these beads were found in the archaeological sites
Etched_carnelian_beads
Place in Uttar Pradesh, India
period. If this proves to be true then it is a first instance that a late Harappan habitation has been found in Uttar Pradesh. In 2014, Archaeological Survey
Chandayan
Mythical or fictional creature with parts taken from various animals
animals from the Indian subcontinent. This Chimera has been called the Harappan Chimera.[citation needed] Although the Chimera of antiquity was forgotten
Chimera_(mythology)
Archaeological culture in India
Baneshwardanga, Pakhanna and Tamluk. These were contemporary with the later Harappan and Vedic period. The Pandu culture was extensively dependent on agriculture
Pandu_culture
Archaeological culture in the Lower Indus Valley
after the type site Jhangar, that followed the Jhukar phase of the Late Harappan culture in Sindh (i.e., the Lower Indus Valley). Jhukar and Jhangar phases
Jhangar_phase
Late medieval kingdom in India (1394–1573)
Civilisation (3300–1300 BCE) – Early Harappan (3300–2600 BCE) – Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) – Late Harappan (1900–1300 BCE) Late cultures (2200–1700
Gujarat_Sultanate
The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The beginnings
History_of_architecture
Archaeological site in Sindh, Pakistan
archaeological site where Jhukar Phase was explored and it has been recorded that Harappan Phase came after or it is followed by Jhukar Culture. Some historians have
Jhukar-jo-Daro
Classical Indian Kingdom (580-740)
Civilisation (3300–1300 BCE) – Early Harappan (3300–2600 BCE) – Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) – Late Harappan (1900–1300 BCE) Late cultures (2200–1700
Gurjaras_of_Lata
The Jhukar phase was a phase of the Late Harappan culture in Sindh that continued after the decline of the mature Indus Valley Civilisation in the 2nd
Jhukar_phase
Indian unit of measurement
several Harappan civilization sites, this sudy confirms that Harappan metrological ideas were transmitted virtually unchanged from the Harappan civilization
Aṅgula
Country in West Asia
trading links developed with civilisations in Mesopotamia, Iran, and the Harappan culture of the Indus Valley. This contact persisted and became wider, probably
United_Arab_Emirates
Referendum in British India
Khyber Pakhtunkwa Ancient Early Harappan Period c. 3300 – c. 2600 BCE Mature Harappan Period c. 2600 – c. 1900 BCE Late Harappan Period c. 1900 – c. 1500 BCE
1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum
1947_North-West_Frontier_Province_referendum
Regional cuisine from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan
chicken can be found in the Harappan civilization and dates back to 3000 BC. His team has found ancient ovens at Harappan sites which are similar to the
Punjabi_cuisine
Historic site in Jammu and Kashmir, India
has exposed a threefold sequence of culture. Period I is represented by Harappan red and grey pottery consisting of jars, dish-on-stand beakers and goblets
Akhnoor_Fort
travel, tourism, insurance
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