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Dense layer of soil found below topsoil
gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. There are different types of hardpan, all sharing
Hardpan
Island in Maui County, Hawaii
More than one quarter of Kahoʻolawe has been eroded down to saprolitic hardpan soil, largely on exposed surfaces near the summit. Historically, Kahoʻolawe
Kahoʻolawe
Soil type
Joaquin soils formed in old alluvium on hummocky topography. A cemented hardpan a few feet beneath the surface restricts roots and water percolation. San
San_Joaquin_(soil)
Subspecies of plant
restrictions associated with having a shallow hardpan soil, as the tillage radish can break the hardpan, making the transfer of water and other important
Daikon
Gardening tool
a garden tool used to manually break up densely packed soil, including hardpan, to improve soil aeration and drainage. Broadforks are used as part of
Broadfork
Seasonal pools of water that provide habitat
vernal pools have an underlying impermeable clay layer (also known as a hardpan) that reduces water percolation. The impermeable layer is hydrophobic,
Vernal_pool
American novelist
Charles Mataa, Florence Ngatokorua "Whiskey Johnny", William Hopkins "Hardpan Jake," Elaine Metua Relatives Adam West Writing career Genre travel literature
Robert_Dean_Frisbie
Process by which fertile areas of land become increasingly arid
infertile lower soil layers that bake in the sun and become an unproductive hardpan. At least 90% of the inhabitants of drylands live in developing countries
Desertification
United States historic place
and after time on the East Coast purchased land in Fresno. He found the hardpan soil unsuitable for citrus trees, and the weather punishingly hot during
Forestiere Underground Gardens
Forestiere_Underground_Gardens
Area of land where little precipitation occurs
over nearby low-lying areas. When the lakes dry up, they leave a crust or hardpan behind. This area of deposited clay, silt or sand is known as a playa.
Desert
Farm implement
problem. In agriculture angled wings are used to lift and shatter the hardpan that builds up due to compaction. The design provides deep tillage, loosening
Subsoiler
Baseball team owner
Harry William Lane (February 29, 1860 – October 9, 1938), known as Bill "Hardpan" Lane (or "Hardrock" Lane) was a baseball team owner in the Pacific Coast
William_Lane_(baseball)
Plant grown commercially for sugar production
organic matter, clay and sand. A subsoil of gravel, or the presence of hardpan, is not desirable, as cultivation to a depth of from 12 to 15 inches (30
Sugar_beet
accumulate in the subsoil to the extent that the soil becomes cemented into a hardpan. Petrocalcic horizons are similar to a duripan (ST – WRB: petroduric horizon)
Petrocalcic_horizon
District of Tamil Nadu in India
marshy deposits of black clays. The sands are underlain by calcareous hardpan. In Rameswaram Island also brown sand deposits occur around Sambaimadam
Ramanathapuram_district
2002 studio album by the Mountain Goats
No. Title Length 15. "Hardpan Song" 2:00 16. "Answering the Phone" 2:29 17. "Indonesia" 2:29 18. "Midland" 3:16 19. "Jenny (alt. take)" 2:52 20. "Tape
All_Hail_West_Texas
Species of flowering plant in the plantain family
compacted soils makes it important for soil rehabilitation. Its roots break up hardpan surfaces, while simultaneously holding together the soil to prevent erosion
Plantago_major
Area that contained a standing surface water body
salt pan, pan, or salt flat (the latter being a remnant of a salt lake). Hardpan is the dry terminus of an internally drained basin in a dry climate, a
Dry_lake
Tool or farm implement
reduce the effects of soil compaction and to help break up ploughpan and hardpan. Unlike many other ploughs, the chisel will not invert or turn the soil
Plough
Landform in Lower Saxony, Germany
humus particles released by the topsoil precipitate onto this impervious hardpan. The subsoil thus separates itself from the topsoil. The nutrients are
Lüneburg_Heath
Prehistoric culture in the North American Southwest
Hohokam in 1100 CE, the walls are made of caliche, the calcium carbonate hardpan that forms under the desert soils. The mound is longer and wider than a
Hohokam
Solid debris from outer space that hits a planetary surface
ground was originally covered by a shallow, loose soil sitting atop a hardpan layer. During the dustbowl era, the loose soil was blown off, leaving any
Meteorite
Farming technique
yield in unplowed plots. In soils like Podsol deep plowing can break up hardpan and aid in releasing soil nutrients. Under certain conditions, it is recommended
Deep_plowing
Removal of water from an area of land
Other soils may have an impervious layer of mineralized soil, called a hardpan, or relatively impervious rock layers may underlie shallow soils. Drainage
Drainage
combination of ferruginous and concrete. Synonyms include ferruginous duricrust, hardpan and ironpan. Ferricrete deposits along the Animas River watershed in Colorado
Ferricrete
Subspecies of flowering plant
evergreen shrub typically found growing in a rambling habit on poor soils and hardpan. From December to February, white to pink urn-shaped flowers decorate its
Arctostaphylos glandulosa subsp. crassifolia
Arctostaphylos_glandulosa_subsp._crassifolia
Agricultural tool
there is no horizontal slicing of the subsurface soil that can lead to hardpan formation. In Europe, harrows were used in antiquity and the Middle Ages
Harrow_(tool)
Subsurface soil horizon cemented by silica
USDA soil taxonomy that is cemented by illuvial silica into a subsurface hardpan. Similar to a fragipan, Petrocalcic Horizon and petrogypsic horizon, it
Duripan
Coral cay in Queensland, Australia
thus prevent the formation of Jemo soil, a phosphatic hardpan topped off by raw humus. The hardpan is formed by leaching of surface- or tree-nesting seabirds'
Heron_Island_(Queensland)
Species of turtle
wander far before selecting a nest site, often in an open area of sand or hardpan that is facing southwards. The nest is flask-shaped with an opening of
Western_pond_turtle
Earth-moving machine
tip, known as a boot. Ripping can not only loosen soil (such as podzol hardpan) in agricultural and construction applications but break shaly rock or
Bulldozer
Type of forest ecosystem
terrace. Part of this soil profile includes an underlying clay or iron hardpan. Each terrace is relatively level and many are footed by paleo-dunes. Drainage
Dwarf_forest
American professional golfer (born 1939)
struck from the bare ground with very little grass (known locally as 'Texas hardpan') and often in very windy conditions. It is this that is widely believed
Lee_Trevino
Evans Cain Road US 62 in North Collins CR 492 2.61 4.20 NY 249 in Brant Hardpan Road CR 9 in Evans CR 493 3.05 4.91 North Collins village line School Street
List of county routes in Erie County, New York
List_of_county_routes_in_Erie_County,_New_York
Geological term
stratigraphic profiles. Such are more generally referred to as calcrete, hardpan or duricrust. Caliche (mineral) Recent kankar sheet on Hookina Floodplain
Kankar
County in Utah, United States
Deseret Reservoirs Devils Kitchen Reservoir East Antelope Reservoir East Hardpan Reservoir East Tule Bench Reservoir Ecks Knoll Reservoir Fillmore Wash
Millard_County,_Utah
Type of foundation
strong layer. Depending on site geology, this can be a rock layer, or hardpan, or other dense, strong layers. Both the diameter of the pile and the depth
Piling
Protected area in Virginia, US
and preserves a globally rare natural community known as a "northern hardpan basic oak-hickory forest". This kind of forest occurs on diabase soil with
Elklick Woodlands Natural Area Preserve
Elklick_Woodlands_Natural_Area_Preserve
Typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests
the B and eluvial Ae (or E) horizon is very distinct, and sometimes a hardpan (or Ortstein) can form, as the relocated Fe and Al and organic matter increase
Podzol
Neighborhood in California, US
of transportation provided by the station, the lack of alkali, adobe or hardpan soil, and stating that water for domestic purposes could be welled from
Northridge,_Los_Angeles
beach is unique within Florida, as it is made from rock-like sedimentary hardpan soil deposits. Parts of the island is included in the Machaba Balu Preserve
List_of_urban_parks_by_size
Desert in the western United States
shallow soil. Even in alluvial soils, root growth may be limited by a hardpan or caliche layer formed by carbonates leaching through the soil and accumulating
Great_Basin_Desert
Topics referred to by the same term
thereof that have washed into the waterway, or gold found contained within hardpan would be considered "old gold" Old Gold 1989–1991, a compilation album
Old_gold_(disambiguation)
American architect and urban designer (1846– 1912)
feet (38 m) below the surface, Root came up with a plan to dig down to a "hardpan" layer of clay on which was laid a 2-foot (0.61 m) thick pad of concrete
Daniel_Burnham
Plant considered undesirable in a particular place or situation
directly. The dandelion is also one of several species which break up hardpan in overly cultivated fields, helping crops grow deeper root systems. Some
Weed
Office building in Chicago, Illinois
ground floor. The entire east wall is supported on caissons sunk to the hardpan, installed when the subway Blue Line was dug under Dearborn Street in 1940
Monadnock_Building
State park in Florida, United States
Island is unique within the state of Florida for its rock-like sedimentary hardpan soil deposits underlying the surface. Where these formations are exposed
Big_Talbot_Island_State_Park
Building in Manhattan, New York (1897–1969)
extended as deep as 92 feet (28 m), above which were layers of quicksand, hardpan, rocks, clay, and soil. The groundwater level was 20 feet (6.1 m) below
Singer_Building
Archaeological site in Arizona, United States
Hohokam in 1100 AD. The walls are made of “caliche”, the calcium carbonate hardpan that forms under the desert soils. The mound is longer and wider than a
Mesa_Grande
Type of soil layer
the collapse of the soil structure due to loading and wetting. Duripan Hardpan Petrocalcic horizon Petrogypsic horizon USDA soil taxonomy Smalley, I.J
Fragipan
Form of recreation involving constructive excavation
bought a 32-acre (13 ha) plot of land in Fresno for horticulture. The hardpan soil however, was unsuited for the fruit trees he intended to plant. While
Hobby_tunneling
Pre-historic canal in Florida
(24 in) below the natural level of the ground. A hardpan had formed at the 60 cm level, comparable to the hardpan in undisturbed soil away from the canal. Luer
Pine_Island_Canal
Park
The rainwater percolates into the soil until it reaches an impermeable hardpan that causes an elevated water table, forming the vernal pools. The Phoenix
Phoenix_Vernal_Pools
bought an orange grove. He soon noticed the phenomenon referred to as hardpan (the creation of a water resistant soil layer). Sometime in 1892 he designed
John_Killefer
"Carpenter Hill". SummitPost.org. Retrieved 2011-05-07. "Subsection 262Ag - Hardpan Terraces". USDA, Forest Service. Archived from the original on 2007-08-13
Carpenter_Hill
sun-bleached skeletons of fallen trees on Boneyard Beach and the exposed hardpan formations of Blackrock Beach Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park March
List_of_Florida_state_parks
City in Florida, United States
typical for the area; they have gray topsoil, white subsoil, and a dark hardpan. Much of Lake Worth Beach is built on a rapidly drained white or gray sand
Lake_Worth_Beach,_Florida
Minor league baseball team
in 1915, the San Francisco Missions were sold to Utah businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane who moved the team to Salt Lake City. The club was named the Bees
Salt_Lake_City_Bees
Linear chain of monadnocks in Quebec, Canada
are usually podzols with classic Ae development; they often have subsoil hardpan and are undesirable for agriculture. The free-draining gravels are preferred
Monteregian_Hills
Simple light plough without a mouldboard
thin, and can be safely used in areas where deep ploughing would turn up hardpan or would cause salination or erosion. Ards may be drawn by oxen, water
Ard_(plough)
Two processes associated with loss of stable soil equilibrium
the new technique. Soil § Degradation Acid sulfate soil Alkaline soil Hardpan Land degradation Environmental impact of irrigation Land reclamation Land
Soil retrogression and degradation
Soil_retrogression_and_degradation
Archaeological site in Georgia, US
was also discovered, as testing with a light steel probe uncovered a "hardpan", a tough compacted span of soil that is indicative of a floor of a housing
Sixtoe_Mound
Valley in Utah, United States
The lowest point in Beaver County is located just south of the Wah Wah Hardpan (dry lake), at the Millard County line. The valley is sparsely populated
Wah_Wah_Valley
Minor league baseball team
as the San Francisco Missions. The team was sold to businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane, who moved the team to Salt Lake City for the 1915 season as the
San_Diego_Padres_(PCL)
Species of legume
Acacia thoma. It is often situated on gently undulating plains and stony hardpan plains with skeletal shallow red-brown loamy soils mixed with ironstone
Acacia_subcontorta
Garden tool with tines
may used to lever apart dense clumps of roots. Broadfork—for breaking up hardpan Fork Garden tool Pitchfork—for lifting loose material such as hay Spade
Garden_fork
Golf resort in North Carolina, United States
course to its original Ross design. In lieu of rough, golfers now find hardpan sand and native scrub bordering the fairways. The course since its inception
Pinehurst_Resort
Viticultural area in San Benito County, California
primarily in the larger valleys. According to the Soil Survey, bedrock or hardpan is always reached at depths greater than five feet. The average depth of
Mt._Harlan_AVA
Species of grass
prairies, sandhills, and calcaerous glades, typically in dry sandy or clay hardpan soils. Gymnopogon brevifolius is considered to be poor forage value for
Gymnopogon_brevifolius
Valley in Millard County, Utah, United States
established a large ranch in the area. The term desert comes from the large hardpan (salt flat) that covers the area.[citation needed] U.S. Geological Survey
Ferguson_Desert
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in agriculture
either end, which is used to manually break up densely packed soil such as hardpan without inverting or mixing the soil layers and thereby preserving its
Glossary_of_agriculture
Type of dam
Axel; Melcher, F. (2007). "Formation of sequences of cemented layers and hardpans within sulfide-bearing mine tailings (mine district Freiberg, Germany)"
Tailings_dam
Species of legume
stony plains growing in sandy loam, clay or sandy soils commonly over hardpan as a part of mixed open Mulga shrubland or woodland communities. List of
Acacia_pteraneura
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
some 15 to 18 feet (4.6 to 5.5 m) below ground, underneath which was a hardpan of clay, gravel, and boulders. Tide water ranged from 12 to 37 feet (3
26_Broadway
Minor league baseball team
the 1914 Pacific Coast League season, Salt Lake City businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane purchased the Sacramento Solons and brought the team to Utah as the
Salt_Lake_Bees
LIMA program
Jakarta Senior F Aldy Izzatur SMA 116 Jakarta Freshmen C Eric Gosal Dian Hardpan School Makassar Senior F/C Nickson Gosal SMA Kesuma Mataram Freshmen G/F
UPH_Eagles_basketball_team
Danish engineer (1828–1894)
in the Schleswig wars and the ensuing loss of territory, the removal of hardpan was considered a national priority. Working on roads across Jutland gave
Enrico_Dalgas
Sand ridge in Florida and Georgia (United States)
layers of humate-cemented sand may occur below the bleached zone down to a hardpan that is up to 6.5 metres (21 ft) below the surface, representing past and
Trail_Ridge
National park of Thailand
and Lom Sak Districts. The park consists of limestone hills, slate and hardpan at altitudes ranging from 300 to 1,028 metres (984 to 3,373 ft), Khao Khae
Thung Salaeng Luang National Park
Thung_Salaeng_Luang_National_Park
Basin in the Mojave Desert, California
valley is an internally drained endorheic basin and its central salt flat/hardpan can contain an ephemeral lake, like it did after unusually heavy rains
Panamint_Valley
Heavily forested area of Southeast Texas, US
nutrient, fine, packed sand, sitting on hardpan which is very near the surface. The nearly impervious hardpan both inhibits drainage in wet periods as
Big_Thicket
Type of golf club
required, or where less bounce is required, such as when playing from hardpan bunkers or tight lies. Generally recommended only to skilled golfers for
Iron_(golf)
Valley in Millard, Beaver, and Iron counties in Utah, United States
north of the sinks region, in a north valley area, lies the Pine Valley Hardpan, about 4 miles (6.4 km) long, east-west. The northwest of Pine Valley contains
Pine Valley (Beaver, Millard, Iron counties, Utah)
Pine_Valley_(Beaver,_Millard,_Iron_counties,_Utah)
Real estate development in Fresno, California
the figs required blasting holes with dynamite through a top layer of hardpan to reach the underlying soil. Forkner eventually planted some 600,000 fig
J.C._Forkner_Fig_Gardens
Species of succulent plant from California
consisting mostly of hardpan substrata, it has an unusual growth habit in which once the tuberous, underground stems hit the hardpan, they will then spread
Dudleya_brevifolia
Defunct American professional baseball team
Francisco Missions. The team was sold to Salt Lake City businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane after that season and moved there for the 1915 season, renamed the
Sacramento_Solons
Genus of flowering plants
ultramafic massifs. G. deplancheanum occurs on ferralitic ferritic desaturated hardpan or gravelly soils (oxisol) on the southern massif at altitudes between
Gymnostoma
(durinodes – duric horizon) or as a continuously cemented layer (duripan – hardpan (Australia) – dorbank (South Africa) – petroduric horizon). The name is
Durisol
1932 film by Lambert Hillyer
as Emmy Otto Hoffman as Calvin Sharp Ward Bond as Kennedy Frank Rice as Hardpan Russell Simpson as Jonathan Kenyon Alan Roscoe as Gregg Morgan Galloway
Hello_Trouble_(1932_film)
Western North American species of juniper
of clay or that have a subsoil that is naturally cemented together like hardpan. Though obtaining a greater size in more sheltered locations they will
Juniperus_scopulorum
Bridge in Chicago, Illinois
feet (33 m) below the river surface, the other 17 piers are sunk to the hardpan, which is 80 to 90 feet (24 to 27 m) below the water level. On the south
DuSable_Bridge
Short story by Stephen King
196. The road is initially asphalt, but eventually becomes dirt and then hardpan. Shortly after the family pass the remains of the eponymous Slide Inn -
On_Slide_Inn_Road
Species of flowering plant
Valley International-Medford Airport, where soil has been deposited over hardpan such that conditions are similar to vernal pool margins, allowing it to
Lomatium_cookii
Ground released seep into groundwater
pollutants. An area can have layers of sandy soil, fractured bedrock, clay, or hardpan. Areas of karst topography on limestone bedrock are sometimes vulnerable
Groundwater_pollution
Oil and gas field in the Sierra Nevada foothills in Kern County, California, USA
the ecological subsection of the California Central Valley known as the Hardpan Terraces, at an elevation of less than 1,000 feet (300 m), the predominant
Kern_Front_Oil_Field
American singer-songwriter
in 2002; both met with critical success. Thibaud then was involved in Hardpan, a collaboration between Singer-Songwriters in 2002, including Thibaud
Todd_Thibaud
Protected area of tallgrass prairie in Missouri
limestone. It contains examples of dry-mesic sandstone prairie, chert prairie, hardpan prairie, prairie swales and a "segment of a prairie headwater stream".
Golden_Prairie
seawater. It is a high absorbent soil that has average drainage ability. Hardpan – A dense layer of clay or other material that is impermeable to water
List_of_vineyard_soil_types
American actor (1892–1936)
Mystery Ranch (1932) - Tex - Barfly (uncredited) Hello Trouble (1932) - Hardpan - the Cook Horse Feathers (1932) - Doorman at Speakeasy (uncredited) Pack
Frank_Rice_(actor)
Species of plant
grows in a wide range of habitats including stony or gravelly sandy loam, hardpan, on sand dunes and periodic watercourses. List of Acacia species Botanic
Acacia_aptaneura
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HARDPAN
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HARDPAN
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