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Legal test for obscenity
this article: Regina v. Hicklin The Hicklin test is a legal test for obscenity established by the English case R. v Hicklin (1868). At issue was the
Hicklin_test
British licensed carrier and solicitor
this article: Regina v. Hicklin The Hicklin test is a legal test for obscenity established by the English case Regina v. Hicklin. At issue was the statutory
Benjamin_Hicklin
Obscenity test in U.S. law
community are offended by, as obscenity was defined by the previous test, the Hicklin test, stemming from the English precedent. In practice, the depiction
Miller_test
Commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve matters of jurisprudence
Vagueness test Waterfield Test Wigmore Test Necessary in a democratic society Bolam test Hicklin test Wednesbury unreasonableness test Aguilar-Spinelli test Bad
Test_(law)
Surname list
American judge and politician Hicklin test, a legal test Hicklin Lake This page lists people with the surname Hicklin. If an internal link intending
Hicklin
Sikri, the decision rejected the outdated Hicklin test in favor of the more progressive "community standards test," aligning Indian jurisprudence with contemporary
Aveek Sarkar v. State of West Bengal
Aveek_Sarkar_v._State_of_West_Bengal
Regulates or suppresses obscenity
articulated in a famous British case, Regina v. Hicklin, [1868] L. R. 3 Q. B. 360. The Hicklin test defined material as obscene if it tended "to deprave
United_States_obscenity_law
United Kingdom legislation
" stated in 1868 by Lord Justice Cockburn, in Regina v. Hicklin, now known as the Hicklin test. There have been several acts of Parliament of this name:
Obscene_Publications_Acts
1964 decision of the Supreme Court of India
constitutionality of Section 292 and established the applicability of the Hicklin Test in India for determining obscenity, significantly influencing the country's
Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra
Ranjit_D._Udeshi_v._State_of_Maharashtra
of an especially susceptible person, the court rejected applying the Hicklin test as a means of determining whether material is obscene, and the ruling
Community_standards
1928 novel by D. H. Lawrence
can be regarded as obscene and established important tests of obscenity such as the Hicklin test. The court upheld the conviction: When everything said
Lady_Chatterley's_Lover
Portrayal of sexual subject matter
determine. For implementing the Comstock act, the US courts used the British Hicklin test to define obscenity, the definition of which was first proposed in 1868
Pornography
Act or statement that offends the morality of the period
853). Hicklin test (1868): the effect of isolated passages upon the most susceptible persons. (British common law, cited in Regina v. Hicklin, 1868.
Obscenity
1921 U.S. obscenity trial
established in the 1868 English case of Regina v. Hicklin. In this case, Lord Chief Justice Cockburn defined the "test of obscenity" as "whether the tendency of
Obscenity trial of Ulysses in The Little Review
Obscenity_trial_of_Ulysses_in_The_Little_Review
Literary genre
profile seizures under the Act relied on this interpretation. Known as the Hicklin test no cognisance was taken of the literary merit of a book or on the extent
Erotic_literature
1928 novel by Radclyffe Hall
judgment In his judgement, issued on 16 November, Biron applied the Hicklin test of obscenity: a work was obscene if it tended to "deprave and corrupt
The_Well_of_Loneliness
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
whose hands a publication of this sort may fall." This test became known as the Hicklin test and allowed portions of a suspect work to be judged independently
Obscene_Publications_Act_1857
1957 U.S. Supreme Court case
the Court authored by William J. Brennan Jr. The Court repudiated the Hicklin test and defined obscenity more strictly, as material whose "dominant theme
Roth_v._United_States
imported films, citing their damage to a pro-British sentiment. The Hicklin test was used as the standard for film censorship until 1959, when the Criminal
Censorship_in_Canada
Magazine genre
determination of obscenity in the United States originally followed the Hicklin test, which applied to any material which had the tendency to "deprave and
Physique_magazine
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
was heavily flawed, for several reasons. One was that the "Hicklin test", from R v Hicklin, was both unduly narrow and unyielding; it did not, for example
Obscene_Publications_Act_1959
American jurist and philosopher (1872–1961)
go forward on the basis of the Hicklin test, which stemmed back to a seminal English decision of 1868, Regina v. Hicklin. In his opinion, Hand recommended
Learned_Hand
Archaic term for a person who is the keeper or owner of a wharf
attorney at law in 1832. Hicklin, the son, is remembered through the Hicklin test, a legal definition of obscenity. In the 1832 novel The Pickwick Papers
Wharfinger
the companies having to recut their films rather than the boards. The Hicklin test was used as the standard for film censorship until 1959, when the Criminal
Cinema_of_Canada
"tends to deprave and corrupt", and provided what became known as the Hicklin test to determine whether a publication fit that definition. This act, and
Book censorship in the United Kingdom
Book_censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom
Category of vigilante groups which act to enforce a code of morality in India
couples. India's obscenity laws have also been frequently compared to the Hicklin test. Despite demands to criminalize moral policing, advisories issued against
Moral_police
Fictional poet and literary hoax
artist promoted by Angry Penguins Sokal affair Surrealist techniques Hicklin test Pearce, Barry. Sidney Nolan. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales,
Ern_Malley_hoax
legal case Regina v. Hicklin on interpretation of the word "obscene" in the Obscene Publications Act 1857, applying the "Hicklin test": that any part of
1868_in_the_United_Kingdom
1969 United States Supreme Court case
written by Justice Brennan, a new test was created for determining what can be considered obscene (the Hicklin test was used since a ruling in 1857, which
Stanley_v._Georgia
Bow Street Magistrates' Court on the grounds of obscenity under the Hicklin test, for its theme of lesbian love, after a campaign against it by James
1928_in_literature
its first year. In the United States, as in the United Kingdom, the Hicklin test of obscenity applied, but New York case law had established that books
History of lesbianism in the United States
History_of_lesbianism_in_the_United_States
1957 United States Supreme Court case
obscenity. Though Hand personally disagreed with the antiquated British Hicklin test (used in the United States to judge obscene literature until 1957), and
Butler_v._Michigan
English actress (born 1991)
Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019. Hicklin, Aaron (5 December 2019). "'Star Wars' actress Naomi Ackie on her meteoric
Naomi_Ackie
United States obscenity law expression
States in 1957, common law rules stemming from the 1868 English case R v Hicklin have articulated that anything which "deprave[s] and corrupt[s] those whose
I_know_it_when_I_see_it
legal case Regina v. Hicklin on interpretation of the word "obscene" in the Obscene Publications Act 1857, applying the "Hicklin test": that any part of
1868_in_literature
1971 United States Supreme Court case
majority that upheld the criminal conviction but abandoned the century-old Hicklin test in favor of a narrower definition of obscenity. It did not settle the
United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs
United_States_v._Thirty-seven_Photographs
1962 United States Supreme Court case
Court need not consider the question of "audience." Reaching back to the Hicklin test, Harlan argued that for materials to be obscene requires two distinct
Manual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day
Manual_Enterprises,_Inc._v._Day
Notable people from Wolverhampton, England
made in Wolves history Benjamin Hicklin (1816–1909) – solicitor and borough magistrate; the Hicklin test is a legal test for obscenity established by the
List of people from Wolverhampton
List_of_people_from_Wolverhampton
British jurist and politician (1802–1880)
which Cockburn CJ's summing-up occupied eighteen. R v. Hicklin: He developed the Hicklin test for obscenity. The Alabama claims: He also played a role
Sir Alexander Cockburn, 12th Baronet
Sir_Alexander_Cockburn,_12th_Baronet
1973 United States Supreme Court case
majority that upheld the criminal conviction but abandoned the century-old Hicklin test in favor of a narrower definition of obscenity. It did not settle the
United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film
United_States_v._12_200-ft._Reels_of_Film
1964 United States Supreme Court case
majority that upheld the criminal conviction but abandoned the century-old Hicklin test in favor of a narrower definition of obscenity. It did not settle the
Quantity_of_Books_v._Kansas
Free speech doctrine in US constitutional law
never meant to replace the "bad tendency" test which had been established in the 1868 English case R. v. Hicklin and incorporated into American jurisprudence
Clear_and_present_danger
1966 United States Supreme Court case
until 1879, when the test adopted in the English case Regina v. Hicklin (1868) was used in the prosecution of D. M. Bennett. This test regarded all material
Ginzburg_v._United_States
1961 United States Supreme Court case
majority that upheld the criminal conviction but abandoned the century-old Hicklin test in favor of a narrower definition of obscenity. However, it did not settle
Marcus_v._Search_Warrant
August 2011. Meier, Kenneth J., and Alisa Hicklin. 2008. "Employee Turnover and Organizational Performance: Testing a Hypothesis from Classical Public Administration
Texas_Civil_Service_Testing
American record producer (1938–2015)
Ron Hicklin Singers on many projects, and was responsible for the new sound of the Ray Conniff Singers in the early 1970s (which employed the Hicklin Singers)
Snuff_Garrett
American actress (born 1930)
Moral ("Marnie"), p. 100. McGilligan, p. 685. Moral ("Marnie"), p. 265. Hicklin, Aaron (March 18, 2013). "Ladies We Love: Tippi Hedren". Out. Retrieved
Tippi_Hedren
American hate crime and murder victim (1976–1998)
Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013. Hicklin, Aaron (September 13, 2013). "Have We Got Matthew Shepard All Wrong?".
Matthew_Shepard
2023 song by Remo Forrer
given priority. Songs shortlisted from the received submissions were then tested by their music producers with various artists and the combination of a 100-member
Watergun_(song)
and unusual punishment clause; Lambda Legal represented Hicklin in Hicklin v. Precynthe. Hicklin noted that at 16, she did not know what gender dysphoria
LGBTQ_people_in_prison
Scottish actress (born 1960)
Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014. Hicklin, Aaron (14 June 2015). "A sentimental education: inside the school that
Tilda_Swinton
1960 UK court case on obscenity laws
uncertainty of the law on obscenity and that the basis of the existing law, R v Hicklin, had the effect of a stringent literary censorship. Consequently, the resultant
R_v_Penguin_Books_Ltd
Contest 2023 with the song "Watergun", written by Argyle Singh, Ashley Hicklin, and Mikołaj Trybulec, and performed by Remo Forrer. The Swiss participating
Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
Switzerland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023
English actor (born 1976)
Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018. Hicklin, Aaron (14 October 2014). "The Gospel According to Benedict". Out. Archived
Benedict_Cumberbatch
Athletics competition in Guangzhou, China
WL United States Courtney Lindsey Kenneth Bednarek Kyree King Brandon Hicklin 37.66 SB Canada Aaron Brown Jerome Blake Brendon Rodney Andre de Grasse
2025_World_Athletics_Relays
Energy drink
ys-red-devil-energy-drink/ https://www.marketingweek.com/britvic-hands-hicklin-slade-4m-red-devil/ Rogers E. Sweet Cred extends into supermarkets. Marketing
Red_Devil_Energy_Drink
British-American freestyle skier
22, 2015). "Twitter" (Tweet). Retrieved October 22, 2015 – via Twitter. Hicklin, Aaron (December 29, 2016). "The Love Portfolio: Gus Kenworthy + Matt Wilkas"
Gus_Kenworthy
2017 film by Luca Guadagnino
Have Missed". HeadStuff. March 11, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2021. Hicklin, Aaron (October 2, 2017). "The Art of Seduction: Armie Hammer & the Hottest
Call_Me_by_Your_Name_(film)
American fashion designer (born 1964)
Incidentally of Alabama and the United States. Huntsville, Alabama: John Hicklin Printing Company. p. 128. Retrieved 29 September 2015. "About - Billy Reid"
Billy_Reid_(fashion_designer)
American boxer (born 1986)
First District Plaza, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. 1 Win 1–0 Phil Hicklin TKO 1 (4), 2:07 Jan 13, 2006 National Guard Armory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Gabriel_Rosado
contract and found guilty. (1877) Oregon US Federal District Attorney John Hicklin Hall (R) was appointed by Republican President William McKinley and ordered
List of federal political scandals in the United States
List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States
1975 US superhero television series
Fox and lyricist Norman Gimbel, was performed by John Bahler of The Ron Hicklin Singers. Marti McCall, Carolyn Willis of the R&B group Honey Cone, and
Wonder_Woman_(TV_series)
Measurement that evaluates the success of an organization
ISSN 0091-0260. Meier, Kenneth J.; Hicklin, Alisa (17 October 2007). "Employee Turnover and Organizational Performance: Testing a Hypothesis from Classical Public
Performance_indicator
Aylesbury, Frederick B. Pooley (1966) New County Hall, Truro, Francis Kenneth Hicklin & Alan J. Groves (1966); grade II listed Balfron Tower, London, Ernő Goldfinger
List_of_brutalist_structures
Margolin (performed first season by The Cowsills; seasons 2–5 by The Ron Hicklin Singers) The Love Boat – Paul Williams and Charles Fox (sung by Jack Jones)
List of television theme music
List_of_television_theme_music
'Finally" for her hit 'Juice'". The Independent. Retrieved 26 May 2025. Hicklin, Aaron (4 July 2018). "All Hail the Material Girl". Out. Retrieved 22 January
List of English signature songs
List_of_English_signature_songs
International song competition
Damiano, requested to be tested the same night, but as testing could not be immediately organized, he would "take a voluntary drug test after arriving home"
Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021
International song competition
were dropped by 11 May 2022, the day before the second semi-final, with testing only required whenever symptoms were exhibited. In addition to the main
Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022
Biometric identifier
"Forensic Science - evidence-processing". dps.mn.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2023. Hicklin, R. Austin; Buscaglia, JoAnn; Roberts, Maria Antonia (March 10, 2013).
Fingerprint
1977 American psychological thriller film
"Good Old Dad," with lyrics by Iris Rainer Dart and performed by the Ron Hicklin Singers; and "We're Home," with lyrics by Guy Hemric and performed by Maxine
Death_Game
1992 Supreme Court of Canada case
1995. Undressing the Canadian state: The politics of pornography from Hicklin to Butler. Halifax: Fernwood Publ. Lacombe, Dany. 1994. Blue politics:
R_v_Butler
100-meter sprint milestone
and 9.79 seconds; however, both of these records were rescinded after he tested positive for, and later admitted to, using doping, namely steroids. The
10-second_barrier
Mary's Grammar School. Played DS John Watt in Z-Cars from 1962 to 1965. Joe Hicklin, vocalist of Big Special Amar (born 1982), British Indian singer Andy C
List_of_people_from_Walsall
not. That said, it did not explicitly define the term "indecent" and the Hicklin Rule was often applied by courts evaluating censorship cases. A centralised
Censorship_in_New_Zealand
Bone marrow cell which produces platelets
Jin DK, Dias S, Zhang F, Hartman TE, Hackett NR, Crystal RG, Witte L, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P, Eaton D, Lyden D, de Sauvage F, Rafii S (January 2004). "Chemokine-mediated
Megakaryocyte
American legal case
Deprave and Corrupt: The Transformation of American Obscenity Law from Hicklin to Ulysses" (PDF). Washington University Law Review. 85 (2): 215–96. Archived
United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
United_States_v._One_Book_Called_Ulysses
International song competition
2023. "Сітка мовлення – 13.05.2023" [broadcasting network – 13.05.2023]. test.nrcu.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Suspilne. Archived from the original on 16 May
Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023
South African politician (born 1980)
denies the allegation and says that he is willing to take a lie detector test to prove his innocence. He has also responded by opening a crimen injuria
Solly_Msimanga
Constitutionally protected right
'indecency' of the Indian Constitution. In an English case of R. v. Hicklin, the test was laid down according to which it is seen 'whether the tendency
Freedom of expression in India
Freedom_of_expression_in_India
South African politician (born 1982)
positive after her former partner threatened to expose her status. She tested positive for COVID-19 on 3 July 2020. Mokgobu, Anastasi (14 September 2019)
Tasneem_Motara
Former Orthodox synagogue in Pretoria, South Africa
been vacant since 1994 and fallen into a dilapidated state. Madeleine Hicklin, shadow deputy minister of the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure
Old_Synagogue,_Pretoria
PMC 300842. PMID 10772648. Klement G, Baruchel S, Rak J, Man S, Clark K, Hicklin DJ, et al. (April 2000). "Continuous low-dose therapy with vinblastine
Metronomic_therapy
South African politician (born 1979)
2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020. "ANCYL national task team faces its biggest test yet". The Mail & Guardian. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2023. "ANCYL
Lebogang_Maile
Dutch singer (born 1994)
Platinum record for one billion streams of "Arcade". However, he later tested positive for COVID-19, which prevented him from performing live in the grand
Duncan_Laurence
1972 United States Supreme Court case
until 1879, when the test adopted in the English case Regina v. Hicklin (1868) was used in the prosecution of D. M. Bennett. This test regarded all material
Rabe_v._Washington
Cancelled international song competition
proposal to span a tent over its Jaarbeurs offered limited possibilities for testing on location and had a questionable suitability for events like the Eurovision
Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020
Broadway theater in Manhattan, New York
New York Herald Tribune. p. SM2. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1325840251. Hicklin, Balph (October 9, 1967). "Something Different growing on rooftop". The
New_Amsterdam_Theatre
Law that constitutes the body politic of the United Kingdom
shock the common feelings of decency in any well regulated mind'. In R v Hicklin (1868) LR 3 QB 360, Lord Cockburn CJ (a notorious womaniser) held that
United Kingdom constitutional law
United_Kingdom_constitutional_law
American chemistry professor
PMC 5737020. PMID 28489819. Huigens III, Robert W.; Morrison, Karen C.; Hicklin, Robert W.; Flood Jr, Timothy A.; Richter, Michelle F.; Hergenrother, Paul
Paul_J._Hergenrother
Deprave and Corrupt: The Transformation of American Obscenity Law from Hicklin to Ulysses.” Washington University Law Review 200. 85#2: 215–296. Hajdu
Censorship in the United States
Censorship_in_the_United_States
British royal recognitions
Education Officer, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Harry Albert Brown, Chief Test Pilot, A. V. Roe & Company Ltd. John Laird McKenzie Brown, MRCS, LRCP, Medical
1946_New_Year_Honours
Sled-dog race in Alaska, USA
(PDF). March 18, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2005. Hicklin, Stacy (March 10, 2005). "Issue is not a real tough call". TheUnion.com
2005_Iditarod
shock the common feelings of decency in any well regulated mind'. In R v Hicklin (1868) LR 3 QB 360, Lord Cockburn CJ (a notorious womaniser) held there
Human rights in the United Kingdom
Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom
1999 UK local government election
Williams 899 37.65% Liberal Democrats S. Monkcom 316 13.23% Socialist Labour K. Anderson 71 2.97% Conservative G.M. Hicklin 40 1.68% Majority 115 Turnout
1999 Liverpool City Council election
1999_Liverpool_City_Council_election
2021 studio album by Victon
to the group's quarantine following contact with a staff member that had tested positive for COVID-19. The album includes thirteen songs, including the
Voice:_The_Future_Is_Now
British government recognitions
Secretary, Durham Area, National Union of Mineworkers. Denis Raymond Hicklin, Chairman and Managing Director, St. Anne's Board Mill Company Ltd. Carleton
1969_Birthday_Honours
British royal recognitions
Skelly, Senior Principal Scientific Officer, Ministry of Defence. John Hicklin Smith, Grade 6, Prison Service Industries and Farms, Home Office. Leslie
1989_New_Year_Honours
American college football season
September 13, 2016. Mills, Jeff. "Kent State rebuilding, but still tough test for N.C. A&T". www.greensboro.com. Greensboro News & Record. Retrieved September
2016 North Carolina A&T Aggies football team
2016_North_Carolina_A&T_Aggies_football_team
1976 UK local government election
1,504 38% −7% Labour M. Stewart (PARTY) 1,387 35% +2% Conservative S. Hicklin 1,042 26% −4% Majority 117 Registered electors 10,607 Turnout 3,933 37%
1976 Liverpool City Council election
1976_Liverpool_City_Council_election
South African politician
parliament's portfolio committee on transport after months of problems with testing stations and huge backlogs. He has suggested that the failures are due
Stuart_Farrow
travel, tourism, insurance
HICKLIN TEST
HICKLIN TEST
HICKLIN TEST
HICKLIN TEST
HICKLIN TEST
HICKLIN TEST
HICKLIN TEST
HICKLIN TEST
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travel, tourism, insurance