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Process of finding the optimal set of variables for a machine learning algorithm
learning, hyperparameter optimization or tuning is the problem of choosing a set of optimal hyperparameters for a learning algorithm. A hyperparameter is a
Hyperparameter_optimization
Topics referred to by the same term
Hyperparameter may refer to: Hyperparameter (machine learning) Hyperparameter (Bayesian statistics) This disambiguation page lists articles associated
Hyperparameter
Parameter controlling the machine learning process
learning, a hyperparameter is a parameter that can be set in order to define any configurable part of a model's learning process. Hyperparameters can be classified
Hyperparameter (machine learning)
Hyperparameter_(machine_learning)
a prior distribution on a hyperparameter, that is, on a parameter of a prior distribution. As with the term hyperparameter, the use of hyper is to distinguish
Hyperprior
Parameter of a prior distribution in Bayesian statistics
In Bayesian statistics, a hyperparameter is a parameter of a prior distribution; the term is used to distinguish them from parameters of the model for
Hyperparameter (Bayesian statistics)
Hyperparameter_(Bayesian_statistics)
Computational model used in machine learning
influenced by hyperparameter choices, and thus may be adjusted during training (typically between training runs), a process called hyperparameter tuning or
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Tuning parameter (hyperparameter) in optimization
built into deep learning libraries such as Keras. Hyperparameter (machine learning) Hyperparameter optimization Stochastic gradient descent Variable metric
Learning_rate
Hyperparameter optimization framework
Optuna is an open-source Python library for automatic hyperparameter tuning of machine learning models. It was first introduced in 2018 by Preferred Networks
Optuna
Process of automating the application of machine learning
outperform hand-designed models. Common techniques used in AutoML include hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning and neural architecture search. In a typical
Automated_machine_learning
Sequential model-based optimization of expensive black-box functions
criterion, also called an acquisition function. Common applications include hyperparameter optimization in machine learning, where each trial may require training
Bayesian_optimization
Automated machine learning system
Algorithm Selection and Hyperparameter optimization (CASH) problem, that extends both the Algorithm selection problem and the Hyperparameter optimization problem
Auto-WEKA
Competitive algorithm for searching a problem space
optimizing decision trees for better performance, solving sudoku puzzles, hyperparameter optimization, and causal inference. In a genetic algorithm, a population
Genetic_algorithm
Large language model by Meta AI
Key hyperparameters of Llama 3.1 8B 70B 405B Layers 32 80 126 Model dimension 4,096 8,192 16,384 FFN dimension 14,336 28,672 53,248 Attention heads 32
Llama_(language_model)
Decentralized machine learning
hyperparameters in turn greatly affecting convergence, HyFDCA's single hyperparameter allows for simpler practical implementations and hyperparameter
Federated_learning
Machine learning-powered structure design
design (without constructing and training it). NAS is closely related to hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning and is a subfield of automated machine
Neural_architecture_search
Concept in probability theory
system: from a given set of hyperparameters, incoming data updates these hyperparameters, so one can see the change in hyperparameters as a kind of "time evolution"
Conjugate_prior
German computer scientist
particularly in the areas of automated machine learning (AutoML), hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning and tabular machine learning. He is currently
Frank_Hutter
Type of software algorithm for image manipulation
the v l {\displaystyle v_{l}} are positive real numbers chosen as hyperparameters. The style loss is based on the Gram matrices of the generated and
Neural_style_transfer
Open-source machine learning platform
component. It is described as a Kubernetes-native project and features hyperparameter tuning, early stopping, and neural architecture search. KServe was previously
Kubeflow
Machine learning engine service
gives users full control over the ML framework, training code, and hyperparameter tuning. The platform provides serverless training as well as dedicated
Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform
Gemini_Enterprise_Agent_Platform
Distribution of an uncertain quantity
will often depend on parameters of their own. Uncertainty about these hyperparameters can, in turn, be expressed as hyperprior probability distributions
Prior_probability
Engineering applied to artificial intelligence
learning paradigms. Once an algorithm is chosen, optimizing it through hyperparameter tuning is essential to enhance efficiency and accuracy. Techniques such
Artificial intelligence engineering
Artificial_intelligence_engineering
Type of activation function
e^{x}&x\leq 0\end{cases}}} In these formulas, α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a hyperparameter to be tuned with the constraint α ≥ 0 {\displaystyle \alpha \geq 0}
Rectified_linear_unit
Subset of artificial intelligence
processes are popular surrogate models in Bayesian optimisation used to do hyperparameter optimisation. A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search algorithm and heuristic
Machine_learning
Probability distribution
create a conditional prior of the mean on the unknown variance, with a hyperparameter specifying the mean of the pseudo-observations associated with the prior
Normal_distribution
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
containing segments that are not in the vocabulary. The most important hyperparameter during vocabularization is the vocabulary size | V | {\displaystyle
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Binary file format for storing machine-learning models
original GGML format was a thin tensor container that hard-coded model hyperparameters and tokenizer information inside the loader; adding support for a new
GGUF
Statistical model validation technique
for many different hyperparameters (or even different model types) and the validation set is used to determine the best hyperparameter set (and model type)
Cross-validation_(statistics)
2017 research paper by Google
English-French, while achieving the comparatively lowest training cost. Hyperparameters and regularization - For their 100M-parameter Transformer model, the
Attention_Is_All_You_Need
Type of feedforward neural network
(-\infty ,\infty )} . Hyperparameters are various settings that are used to control the learning process. CNNs use more hyperparameters than a standard multilayer
Convolutional_neural_network
Influential 2012 deep convolutional neural network
Krizhevsky's bedroom at his parents' house. During 2012, Krizhevsky performed hyperparameter optimization on the network until it won the ImageNet competition later
AlexNet
Concept in information theory
different models on the same dataset and guide the optimization of hyperparameters, although it has been found sensitive to factors such as linguistic
Perplexity
Machine learning technique
Catastrophic forgetting Continual learning Domain adaptation Foundation model Hyperparameter optimization Overfitting von Csefalvay, Chris (2026). "3. Supervised
Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)
Tasks in machine learning
hyperparameters (i.e. the architecture) of a model. It is sometimes also called the development set or the "dev set". An example of a hyperparameter for
Training, validation, and test data sets
Training,_validation,_and_test_data_sets
Statistical concept
1 … N , F ( x | θ ) = as above α = shared hyperparameter for component parameters β = shared hyperparameter for mixture weights H ( θ | α ) = prior probability
Mixture_model
Method of statistical inference
{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}} is a set of parameters to the prior itself, or hyperparameters. Let E = ( e 1 , … , e n ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =(e_{1},\dots
Bayesian_inference
Task of selecting a statistical model from a set of candidate models
algorithmic approaches to model selection include feature selection, hyperparameter optimization, and statistical learning theory. In its most basic forms
Model_selection
Machine learning technique
KL divergence. The strength of the penalty term is determined by the hyperparameter β {\displaystyle \beta } . This KL term works by penalizing the KL divergence
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Reinforcement learning algorithms
higher variance. The Generalized Advantage Estimation (GAE) introduces a hyperparameter λ {\displaystyle \lambda } that smoothly interpolates between Monte
Actor-critic_algorithm
Statistical model written in multiple levels
posterior distribution, namely: Hyperparameters: parameters of the prior distribution Hyperpriors: distributions of Hyperparameters Suppose a random variable
Bayesian hierarchical modeling
Bayesian_hierarchical_modeling
Set of methods for supervised statistical learning
Bayesian techniques to SVMs, such as flexible feature modeling, automatic hyperparameter tuning, and predictive uncertainty quantification. In 2017, a scalable
Support_vector_machine
Analytical expression in statistics
collectively denoted by the vector x {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x}}} . The hyperparameters of the model are denoted by θ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\theta }}}
Laplace's_approximation
Models used to produce word embeddings
the models per se, but of the choice of specific hyperparameters. Transferring these hyperparameters to more 'traditional' approaches yields similar performances
Word2vec
Generative adversarial network variant
collapse, and provide meaningful learning curves useful for debugging and hyperparameter searches". Compared with the original GAN discriminator, the Wasserstein
Wasserstein_GAN
2019 text-generating language model
Architecture hyperparameters for the 4 model sizes Parameters (millions) Layers embedding dimension 117 12 768 345 24 1024 762 36 1280 1542 48 1600
GPT-2
Machine learning technique
noise helps with load balancing. The choice of k {\displaystyle k} is a hyperparameter that is chosen according to application. Typical values are k = 1 ,
Mixture_of_experts
Machine learning algorithm
State–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) is an algorithm for learning a Markov decision process policy, used in the reinforcement learning area of machine
State–action–reward–state–action
State–action–reward–state–action
Game-playing artificial intelligence
between AZ and AGZ include: AZ has hard-coded rules for setting search hyperparameters. The neural network is now updated continually. AZ doesn't use symmetries
AlphaZero
Multi-armed bandit sequential game
important. It also arises in hyperparameter optimization where the goal is to find the optimal choice of hyperparameters for an algorithm with the smallest
Best_arm_identification
Volume rendering technique
still more compact than previous point-based approaches. May require hyperparameter tuning (e.g., reducing position learning rate) for very large scenes
Gaussian_splatting
Non-parametric classification method
distinct. A good k can be selected by various heuristic techniques (see hyperparameter optimization). The special case where the class is predicted to be the
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
AI Foundation model for tabular data
contrast to other deep learning methods, it does not require costly hyperparameter optimization. TabPFN is the subject of on-going research. Applications
TabPFN
Engineering model
A. and Morlier, J. (2016) "An improved approach for estimating the hyperparameters of the kriging model for high-dimensional problems through the partial
Surrogate_model
Branch of machine learning
separable pattern classes. Subsequent developments in hardware and hyperparameter tunings have made end-to-end stochastic gradient descent the currently
Deep_learning
genetic programming Neural Network Intelligence – Microsoft toolkit for hyperparameter tuning and neural architecture search MindsDB – AutoML platform that
Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software
Lists_of_open-source_artificial_intelligence_software
Multi-language machine learning library
framework allows developers to track, debug, save checkpoints, modify hyperparameters, and perform early stopping. MXNet supports Python, R, Scala, Clojure
Apache_MXNet
Method of representing variables in Bayesian inference
to indicate non-random variables—either parameters to be computed, hyperparameters given a fixed value (or computed through empirical Bayes), or variables
Plate_notation
Representation in natural language processing
evaluation function, a grid-search algorithm can be utilized to automate hyperparameter optimization.[citation needed] Multiple approaches exists for evaluating
Sentence_embedding
Suite of machine learning software written in Java
Leyton-Brown, Kevin (2013-08-11). Auto-WEKA: combined selection and hyperparameter optimization of classification algorithms. Proceedings of the 19th ACM
Weka_(software)
Neural network technology
detecting a specific feature in the input data. The size of the kernel is a hyperparameter that affects the network's behavior. For a 2D input x {\displaystyle
Convolutional_layer
Diffusion model over latent embedding space
shape ( 4 , 64 , 64 ) {\displaystyle (4,64,64)} , where 0.18215 is a hyperparameter, which the original authors picked to roughly whiten the encoded vector
Latent_diffusion_model
Architectural motif in neural networks for aggregating information
(x|f,s)} where w ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] {\displaystyle w\in [0,1]} is either a hyperparameter, a learnable parameter, or randomly sampled anew every time. Lp Pooling
Pooling_layer
Python library for parallel computing
tasks that are not parallelized within scikit-learn and Incremental Hyperparameter Optimization for scaling hyper-parameter search and parallelized estimators
Dask_(software)
Distribution of new data marginalized over the posterior
prior predictive distribution, but with the posterior values of the hyperparameters substituted for the prior ones. The prior predictive distribution is
Posterior predictive distribution
Posterior_predictive_distribution
Comparison of statistical analysis software
the kernel. Prior: whether specifying arbitrary hyperpriors on the hyperparameters is supported. Posterior: whether estimating the posterior is supported
Comparison of Gaussian process software
Comparison_of_Gaussian_process_software
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
cannot be reproduced even in principle, because the code, data, exact hyperparameters, random seeds, or model versions go unreported, while reliance on proprietary
Replication_crisis
Game-playing artificial intelligence
MuZero was derived directly from AZ code, sharing its rules for setting hyperparameters. Differences between the approaches include: AZ's planning process
MuZero
Process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration
preserved. CUR matrix approximation Data transformation (statistics) Hyperparameter optimization Information gain in decision trees Johnson–Lindenstrauss
Dimensionality_reduction
weights. The trade-off coefficient, λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , is a hyperparameter that places more or less importance on the regularization term. Larger
Structural_risk_minimization
Bayesian statistical inference method
can be considered samples drawn from a population characterised by hyperparameters η {\displaystyle \eta \,} according to a probability distribution p
Empirical_Bayes_method
Open source version system
architectures Comparison of training or evaluation datasets Selection of model hyperparameters DVC experiments can be managed and visualized either from the VS Code
Data Version Control (software)
Data_Version_Control_(software)
Family of computer vision models
image approximately 2 ϕ 0 {\displaystyle 2^{\phi _{0}}} times. The hyperparameters α {\displaystyle \alpha } , β {\displaystyle \beta } , and γ {\displaystyle
EfficientNet
Model-free reinforcement learning algorithm
_{0}} , initial value function parameters ϕ 0 {\textstyle \phi _{0}} Hyperparameters: KL-divergence limit δ {\textstyle \delta } , backtracking coefficient
Proximal_policy_optimization
Projection of data onto lower-dimensional manifolds
nonzero eigen vectors provide an orthogonal set of coordinates. The only hyperparameter in the algorithm is what counts as a "neighbor" of a point. Generally
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Nonlinear_dimensionality_reduction
Topics referred to by the same term
enzyme Hippo, a protein kinase involved in the Hippo signaling pathway Hyperparameter optimization, a technique used in automated machine learning This disambiguation
HPO
Energy minimization Entropy maximization Highly optimized tolerance Hyperparameter optimization Inventory control problem Newsvendor model Extended newsvendor
List of numerical analysis topics
List_of_numerical_analysis_topics
Machine learning optimization algorithm
a perturbation applied to the weights. ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is a hyperparameter that defines the radius of the neighborhood (an L p {\displaystyle L_{p}}
Sharpness_aware_minimization
Series of language models developed by Google AI
larger, at 355M parameters), but improves its training, changing key hyperparameters, removing the next-sentence prediction task, and using much larger
BERT_(language_model)
Probability distribution
)=\operatorname {Gamma} (\lambda ;\alpha +n,\beta +n{\overline {x}}).} Here the hyperparameter α can be interpreted as the number of prior observations, and β as the
Exponential_distribution
{\displaystyle \mu } and ζ {\displaystyle \zeta } should be considered as hyperparameters to tune the amount of regularization versus the sum squared error.
Least-squares support vector machine
Least-squares_support_vector_machine
Artificial intelligence that plays Go
between AZ and AGZ include: AZ has hard-coded rules for setting search hyperparameters. The neural network is now updated continually. Chess (unlike Go) can
AlphaGo_Zero
Description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
of parameters is called training, while the optimization of model hyperparameters is called tuning and often uses cross-validation. In more conventional
Mathematical_model
Statistical model
at hand. The inferential results are dependent on the values of the hyperparameters θ {\displaystyle \theta } (e.g. ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } and σ {\displaystyle
Gaussian_process
Artificial intelligence algorithm
List of hyperparameters Description Symbol Number of binary inputs N Inputs {\displaystyle N_{\text{Inputs}}} Number of classes N Classes {\displaystyle
Tsetlin_machine
Type of statistical model
themselves are assumed to be correlated and generated from a single set of hyperparameters. Additional levels are possible: For example, people might be grouped
Multilevel_model
Family of computer vision models designed for efficient inference on mobile devices
significantly reduces computational cost. The MobileNetV1 has two hyperparameters: a width multiplier α {\displaystyle \alpha } that controls the number
MobileNet
2023 text-generating language model
training dataset was constructed, the computing power required, or any hyperparameters such as the learning rate, epoch count, or optimizer(s) used. The report
GPT-4
Machine learning system
User settable online learning progress report + auditing of the model Hyperparameter optimization Vowpal wabbit has been used to learn a tera-feature (1012)
Vowpal_Wabbit
Statistical law in machine learning
L_{\infty }=0} . Secondary effects also arise due to differences in hyperparameter tuning and learning rate schedules. Kaplan et al.: used a warmup schedule
Neural_scaling_law
Research field that lies at the intersection of machine learning and computer security
Biased parameter selection is a form of data snooping where model hyperparameters are tuned using the test set. The choice of the evaluation metrics
Adversarial_machine_learning
Greek-British applied scientist, engineer and university professor
Ioannis W.; Spottswood, S. Michael (2024-12-13). "The effects of hyperparameters on deep learning of turbulent signals". Physics of Fluids. 36 (12)
Dimitris_Drikakis
Machine learning technique
train}}})-\mu ^{2}\end{aligned}}} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a hyperparameter to be optimized on a validation set. Other works attempt to eliminate
Normalization (machine learning)
Normalization_(machine_learning)
Matrix-valued random variable
(2022). "Tensor Programs V: Tuning Large Neural Networks via Zero-Shot Hyperparameter Transfer". arXiv:2203.03466v2 [cs.LG]. von Neumann & Goldstine 1947
Random_matrix
Additionally, it contains feature engineering, model chaining, and hyperparameter optimization. Jio Brain offers mobile and enterprise-ready LLM-as-a-service
Artificial intelligence in India
Artificial_intelligence_in_India
Function for machine learning algorithms
f(A^{(i)})-f(N^{(i)})\Vert _{2}^{2}} The variable α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a hyperparameter called the margin, and its value must be set manually. In the FaceNet
Triplet_loss
Discrete probability distribution
expressed as follows. Given a model α = ( α 1 , … , α K ) = concentration hyperparameter p ∣ α = ( p 1 , … , p K ) ∼ Dir ( K , α ) X ∣ p = ( x 1 , … , x N
Categorical_distribution
Set of values for a mathematical model
applied from that z 0 {\displaystyle z_{0}} . In machine learning, hyperparameters are used to describe models. In deep learning, the parameters of a
Parameter_space
Science of characterizing uncertainties
}}^{m},\sigma _{m},\omega _{k}^{m},k=1,\ldots ,d+r\right\}} , known as hyperparameters of the GP model, need to be estimated via maximum likelihood estimation
Uncertainty_quantification
Technique for setting initial values of trainable parameters in a neural network
possible. However, a 2013 paper demonstrated that with well-chosen hyperparameters, momentum gradient descent with weight initialization was sufficient
Weight_initialization
Property of a model
precision Bias of an estimator Double descent Gauss–Markov theorem Hyperparameter optimization Law of total variance Minimum-variance unbiased estimator
Bias–variance_tradeoff
HYPERPARAMETER
HYPERPARAMETER
HYPERPARAMETER
HYPERPARAMETER
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
River Name
Male
Czechoslovakian
, man, warrior.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Inward; Slave of the Unseen
Boy/Male
Tamil
New
Biblical
fatness; taking away provision
Girl/Female
Australian, Romanian
Renowned Ruler
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Hampshire, Lancashire, Shropshire, and Staffordshire named Forton, from Old English ford ‘ford’ + tūn ‘settlement’, ‘enclosure’.French : variant of Fortin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval personal name Hicke, a pet form of Richard. The substitution of H- as the initial resulted from the inability of the English to cope with the velar Norman R-.Dutch : from a pet form of a Germanic personal name, such as Icco or Hikke (a Frisian derivative of a compound name with the first element hild ‘strife’, ‘battle’).East German : from a derivative of a Slavic pet form of Heinrich.South German : from Hiko, a pet form of any of the Germanic personal names formed with hild ‘strife’, ‘battle’ as the first element.
Girl/Female
Indian
Eye sight
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Sanskrit, Telugu
Tranquil
HYPERPARAMETER
HYPERPARAMETER
HYPERPARAMETER
HYPERPARAMETER
HYPERPARAMETER