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Origin point beneath an air explosion
A hypocenter or hypocentre, also called ground zero or surface zero, is the point on the Earth's surface directly below a nuclear explosion, meteor air
Hypocenter
Earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km
A deep-focus earthquake in seismology is an earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km. They occur almost exclusively at convergent boundaries
Deep-focus_earthquake
Point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter in an earthquake
epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates
Epicenter
Japanese survivor of Hiroshima
survived the blast and aftermath, despite being only 170 m (560 ft) from the hypocenter. He was the closest known survivor of an atomic bomb explosion. The United
Eizo Nomura (Hiroshima survivor)
Eizo_Nomura_(Hiroshima_survivor)
Vibrational energy transfer in Earth or other planetary body
observatory, their different travel times help scientists locate the quake's hypocenter. In geophysics, the refraction or reflection of seismic waves is used
Seismic_wave
Sudden movement of the Earth's crust
and nuclear weapons testing. The initial point of rupture is called the hypocenter or focus, while the ground level directly above it is the epicenter. Earthquakes
Earthquake
1945 attacks in Japan during WWII
Genbaku (A-bomb) dome, which was only 150 m (490 ft) from ground zero (the hypocenter). The ruin was named Hiroshima Peace Memorial and was made a UNESCO World
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
1954 Soviet nuclear test with soldiers
weapons. An army of 45,000 soldiers marched through the area around the hypocenter soon after the nuclear blast. The exercise was conducted on September
Totskoye_nuclear_exercise
Hospital in Hiroshima, Japan
digestive organs. Adjacent to the Shima Hospital is a monument marking the hypocenter of the atomic blast, which is located about a five-minute walk away from
Shima_Hospital
Survivors of atomic bombings in Japan
categories: within a few kilometers of the hypocenters of the bombs; within 2 km (1.2 mi) of the hypocenters within two weeks of the bombings; exposed
Hibakusha
Tree that survived the 1945 atomic bombings of Japan
kilometres from the hypocenter was about 40 times greater than that from the Sun. The initial radiation level at the hypocenter was approximately 240
Hibakujumoku
Most powerful nuclear weapon ever tested
of the experimental field with a radius of 2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi) in the hypocenter area was no more than 1 milliroentgen / hour. The testers appeared at
Tsar_Bomba
Series of water waves
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Tsunami
Measure of earthquake size
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Moment_magnitude_scale
Earthquake in Japan on January 17, 1995
intensity scale). The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The hypocenter of the earthquake was located 17 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern
Kobe_earthquake
Type of earthquake at convergent plate boundaries
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Megathrust_earthquake
Earthquake centered in Maharashtra State, India
000 people died, whilst another 30,000 were injured. The earthquake's hypocenter was around 10 km deep – relatively shallow – allowing shock waves to cause
1993_Latur_earthquake
Fortress in Japan
and a willow at approximately 740 m from the hypocenter, and a holly approximately 935 m from the hypocenter. Both specimens are preserved just beyond the
Hiroshima_Castle
2020 film by Christopher Nolan
earlier conversation with Michael Crosby, he realizes it is a nuclear hypocenter detonated on the 14th in Sator's hometown, the closed city of Stalsk-12
Tenet
City in New York, United States
2004). "Seismicity of the Southern Great Lakes: Revised Earthquake Hypocenters and Possible Tectonic Controls". Bulletin of the Seismological Society
Buffalo,_New_York
Emergency population warning system used in Japan
Earthquake Early Warning Quick updates on hypocenter, magnitude, and precautions of possible tsunami Information of hypocenter, magnitude, intensities of various
J-Alert
Severe earthquake in Washington, US
security that may be unreliable as the moment magnitude was high but the hypocenter was deep under the earth. This earthquake was a 6.8 moment magnitude that
2001_Nisqually_earthquake
Megathrust earthquake in Russia
136 km (85 mi) east-southeast of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, while the hypocenter was put at a shallow depth of 35 km (22 mi). The National Institute of
2025_Kamchatka_earthquake
Measure of the strength of earthquakes
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Richter_scale
Earthquake in Düren, Germany
Europe, and the strongest in Germany's recorded history. The depth of the hypocenter is estimated at 14–16 kilometres (8.7–9.9 mi). This earthquake may have
1756_Düren_earthquake
Megathrust earthquake off Japan's east coast
amplitude as input, failure to fully take into account the area of the hypocenter, and the initial amplitude of the earthquake being less than that which
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami
Topics referred to by the same term
point in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Zero point may refer to: The hypocenter of a nuclear explosion Origin (mathematics), a fixed point of reference
Zero_point
Scientific study of earthquakes and propagation of elastic waves through a planet
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Seismology
U.S. atomic bomb type used at Nagasaki, 1945
Hypocenter of Fat Man Atomic bomb in Nagasaki
Fat_Man
Topics referred to by the same term
dictionary. Ground zero describes the point on the Earth's surface (its hypocenter) closest to a nuclear detonation. In the case of an explosion above the
Ground_zero_(disambiguation)
M7.2 and M7.5 doublet earthquake
segments dipped 78 degrees south. Most of the rupture occurred west of the hypocenter of the first event, which ruptured a ~40 km (25 mi) east–northeast onshore
2026_Venezuela_earthquakes
1969 earthquake
small tremors continued until 08:53. The mainshock occurred at 16:36. The hypocenter was 20 kilometres (12 mi) below the city with a moment magnitude of 6
1969_Banja_Luka_earthquake
Situation or object that can cause harm
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Hazard
Exhibition at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
entrance of the Sumitomo Bank was approximately 260 metres (850 ft) from the hypocenter of the atomic bomb explosion at Hiroshima. It is thought that the person
Human_Shadow_Etched_in_Stone
Area not reached by seismic waves from an earthquake
record direct S waves, particularly ones that were 120° away from the hypocenter of the earthquake. In 1913, Beno Gutenberg noticed the abrupt change in
Shadow_zone
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on 9 August 1945 rose over 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) above the bomb's hypocenter, which killed an estimated 39,000 people.
Nuclear_fission
Earthquake that occurs under a body of water, especially an ocean
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Submarine_earthquake
Core city in Kyushu, Japan
Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims Nagasaki Peace Park Atomic Bomb Hypocenter (located near the Peace Park) Nagasaki Peace Pagoda Nagasaki Penguin Aquarium
Nagasaki
Earthquake that occurs within the interior of a tectonic plate
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Intraplate_earthquake
June 1948 earthquake in Japan
magnitude 6.8 quake struck at 4:13:31 p.m.(JDT) on June 28, 1948. The quake's hypocenter was approximately 10 km north-northeast of Fukui, in the present-day neighborhood
1948_Fukui_earthquake
Smaller earthquake which follows a larger one in the same area
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Aftershock
Discontinuous earthquake-like event
forces as well as propagating waves from distant earthquakes. LFEs have hypocenters located down-dip from the seismogenic zone, the source region of megathrust
Slow_earthquake
Valley in California
recorded in an urban environment and was the first earthquake that had its hypocenter located directly under a U.S. city since the Long Beach earthquake of
San_Fernando_Valley
Sediment/structure shaken seismically
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Seismite
Seismic intensity scale used to quantify the degree of shaking during earthquakes
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Modified Mercalli intensity scale
Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale
Violent earthquake in Argentina
2 on the Ms scale and an intensity of IX–X on the Mercalli scale. Its hypocenter was located at an estimated depth of 30 kilometres (19 mi). The city of
1861_Mendoza_earthquake
Japanese earthquake measurements
themselves influenced by factors such as distance to and depth of the hypocenter (focus), local soil conditions, and nature of the geology in between,
Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale
Japan_Meteorological_Agency_seismic_intensity_scale
Municipality in Region of Murcia, Spain
earthquake on 11 May 2011, killing at least nine people. Due to a shallow hypocenter, the earthquake was much more destructive than usual for earthquakes with
Lorca,_Spain
Strong earthquake in Victoria, Australia
September 2021. Mousavi, S.; Hejrani, B.; Miller, M. S.; Salmon, M. (2023). "Hypocenter, Fault Plane, and Rupture Characterization of Australian Earthquakes:
2021_Mansfield_earthquake
Instrument that records seismic waves by measuring ground motions
using the time it takes for seismic waves to propagate away from the hypocenter, the initiating point of fault rupture (See also Earthquake location)
Seismometer
Museum in Nagasaki, Japan
the museum is a history of the city before the bomb was dropped. The hypocenter of the explosion was the Urakami district, which was a traditionally rustic
Nagasaki_Atomic_Bomb_Museum
Earthquake in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
the location of the hypocenter was just an approximation, and estimations differ. A recent study estimated that the hypocenter was located near 28.90°E
1911_Kikai_Island_earthquake
Intensity of ground shaking during an earthquake
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Seismic_intensity_scales
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Earthquake_duration_magnitude
Earthquake in Indonesia
the hypocenter, particularly down-dip and to its west. The shallower (>10 km (6.2 mi)) parts of the fault up-dip and northwest of the hypocenter experienced
2026_Flores_earthquake
Preserved ruins of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan
structure, the building was the only structure left standing near the bomb's hypocenter. Soon commonly called the Genbaku ("A-Bomb") Dome, due to the exposed
Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial
Guatemalan history was the 1976 quake with a magnitude of 7.5 Mw and a hypocenter depth of just 5 km. This shallow-focus earthquake, originating from the
List of earthquakes in Guatemala
List_of_earthquakes_in_Guatemala
7.2-magnitude earthquake in Tiburon Peninsula, Haiti
Tiburon Peninsula of southern Haiti. It had a 10-kilometre-deep (6.2 mi) hypocenter near Petit-Trou-de-Nippes, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) west of
2021_Haiti_earthquake
powerful earthquake historically recorded in the Gorj County region. The hypocenter was situated in the Oltenia region at a shallow depth of 6.3 km, following
2023_Gorj_earthquakes
Magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Nepal
Gorkha, roughly 85 km (53 mi) northwest of central Kathmandu, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 8.2 km (5.1 mi). It was the worst natural
April_2015_Nepal_earthquake
Series of 1950s American nuclear tests
placed in pens behind large sheets of glass at measured distances from the hypocenter to test the effects of flying debris on living targets. Studies were conducted
Operation_Plumbbob
Surgeon at the Red Cross hospital in Hiroshima, survivor of the atomic bomb
hospital in Hiroshima and was situated 1,650 yards (1,510 m) from the hypocenter of the Little Boy explosion on August 6, 1945. Twenty-five years old that
Terufumi_Sasaki
Romanian earthquake
Romania in the 20th century, after the 10 November 1940 seismic event. The hypocenter was situated in the Vrancea Mountains, the most seismically active part
1977_Vrancea_earthquake
Scales to describe earthquake strength
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Seismic_magnitude_scales
Earthquake in Estonia (1976)
north tip of Osmussaar, an island close to the coast of Estonia. Its hypocenter was 10–13 kilometres (6–8 mi) below ground level, and it was measured
Osmussaar_earthquake
Earthquake in Afghanistan and Pakistan
000 homes collapsed or were severely damaged. The earthquake's shallow hypocenter, proximity to populated areas, and low building quality all contributed
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
June_2022_Afghanistan_earthquake
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
Little Boy's hypocenter at Hiroshima, Japan, was found to have absorbed about 9.46 grays (Gy) of ionizing radiation. The doses at the hypocenters of the Hiroshima
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Type of elastic body wave
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
S_wave
Earthquake in Los Angeles, California
downtown Los Angeles. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) placed the hypocenter's geographical coordinates at 34°12′47″N 118°32′13″W / 34.213°N 118.537°W
1994_Northridge_earthquake
Private university in Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan
the academy in Isahaya city after the academy, only 500 meters from the hypocenter, was destroyed in the bombing of Nagasaki speaks to the rich heritage
Nagasaki_Wesleyan_University
Detonation of an explosive above a target for increased pressure wave damage
The air burst is usually 100 to 1,000 m (330 to 3,280 ft) above the hypocenter to allow the shockwave of the fission or fusion driven explosion to bounce
Air_burst
Predicts density vs depth in Earth
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Adams–Williamson_equation
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Types_of_earthquake
U.S. nuclear weapons test
fire, the basement of the closer home — 3,500 feet (1,100 m) from the hypocenter — might shelter its occupants, while the second — at 7,500 feet (2,300 m)
Upshot-Knothole_Annie
Earthquake in California
caused by thrust faulting and the rupture propagated southeast from the hypocenter for 12 miles (19 km). The most violent ground movement was within 50 miles
2003_San_Simeon_earthquake
Park located in Nagasaki, Japan
and near the Peace Memorial Hall. Established in 1955, and near to the hypocenter of the explosion, remnants of a concrete wall of Urakami Cathedral can
Nagasaki_Peace_Park
Earthquake in Kunar Province, Afghanistan
of the quake was located in Nurgal District, Kunar Province. It had a hypocenter 8 kilometres (5 miles) beneath the surface, and the shaking had a maximum
2025_Kunar_earthquake
Fatal disaster in southern Japan
Date and time of occurrence (JST) Epicenter Depth of the earthquake's hypocenter Magnitude Maximum seismic intensity Maximum class of long-period ground
2026_Kumamoto_earthquake
Multiple earthquakes with nearly identical waveforms originating from the same location
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Doublet_earthquake
2010 book by Charles R. Pellegrino
atomic bomb on that city with Yamaguchi located about two miles from the hypocenter. After a night amid the devastation in that city he returned by train
The_Last_Train_from_Hiroshima
Military conflict that deploys nuclear weaponry
and an army of approximately 45,000 soldiers on maneuvers through the hypocenter immediately after the blast. The exercise was conducted on September 14
Nuclear_warfare
Earthquake in California
eyewitness account, researchers were able to refine the location of the hypocenter of the earthquake as offshore from San Francisco or near San Juan Bautista
1906_San_Francisco_earthquake
Topics referred to by the same term
epilepsy Focus (earthquake), an earthquake's underground point of origin or hypocenter Focus (optics), a point toward which rays are made to converge AGM-87
Focus
Bridge in Hiroshima, Japan
At the time, there were six bridges (seven if in operation) near the hypocenter. These were hit by successive disasters: the atomic bomb in August of
Aioi_Bridge
Sound generated by earthquakes
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Subterranean_rumbling
Submarine trench to the east of the Philippines in the Pacific Ocean
earthquake of Mw 7.6 (the 2012 Samar earthquake). It hit the trench with a hypocenter depth of 34.9 km. Areas adjacent to the subduction zones have experienced
Philippine_Trench
2001 severe earthquake centered in Arequipa Region, Peru
aftershocks was 320 km x 100 km. The rupture propagated unilaterally from the hypocenter towards the southeast. The earthquake resulting in many instances of ground
2001_southern_Peru_earthquake
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Epicentral_distance
experience on nuclear warfare. Maneuvers by troops and armour near the hypocenter shortly afterwards. 10 29 September 1954 ALMT (6 hrs) Ground Zero, Semipalatinsk
1954_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Japanese physician (1897–1977)
was the first director of the rebuilt Shima Hospital, located at the hypocenter of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He is known as the "father of the
Kaoru_Shima
Marginal sea of the South Pacific off the northeast coast of Australia
by a major earthquake followed by a several metres tall tsunami. The hypocenter of this magnitude Mw 8.1 earthquake was 349 km (217 mi) northwest of Honiara
Coral_Sea
Minor earthquakes and tremors caused by human activity
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Induced_seismicity
Volcanism Induced seismicity Characteristics Epicenter Epicentral distance Hypocenter Shadow zone Seismic waves P wave S wave Measurement Seismometer Seismic
Aftermath of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
Aftermath_of_the_2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquakes
Earthquake in South Korea
Mw), struck Heunghae, Pohang, South Korea on November 15, 2017, and the hypocenter was 7 km below the surface. It is tied with the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake
2017_Pohang_earthquake
Measure of ionization of air by ionizing radiation
within 2.5 km of the hypocenter at the time of the bombings (ATB), (2) survivors who were between 2.5 and 10 km of the hypocenter ATB (low- or no-dose
Radiation_exposure
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
Hiroshima were much higher, as Hiroshima was on flat terrain, while the hypocenter of Nagasaki lay in a small valley. According to figures published in 1945
Little_Boy
Church in Nagasaki, Japan
but avoided collapse and burning due to being relatively far from the hypocenter. Artifacts from the damage are in the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum. The
Oura_Church
Natural event in Mexico
felt intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The hypocenter was located at a depth of 24.6 km and approximately 37 km northeast of
2018_Oaxaca_earthquake
Controversies surrounding nuclear attacks
The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rises into the air from the hypocenter.
Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
M 7.6 earthquake in Russia
magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The hypocenter was located near the coast of Koryak Autonomous Okrug at an estimated
2006_Kamchatka_earthquake
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