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Topics referred to by the same term
Independent invention may refer to: Independent inventor, a person who creates inventions independently, rather than for an employer Multiple discovery
Independent_invention
Hypothesis about scientific discoveries and inventions
(also known as simultaneous invention) is the hypothesis that most scientific discoveries and inventions are made independently and more or less simultaneously
Multiple_discovery
Novel device, material or technical process
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea, or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process
Invention
Human-powered trebuchet
(PDF) on 2012-01-11.. Original version. Chevedden, Paul E. (2000). "The Invention of the Counterweight Trebuchet: A Study in Cultural Diffusion". Dumbarton
Mangonel
Iron production in Africa
the independent-invention view. Two reviews of the evidence from the mid-2000s found technical flaws in the studies claiming independent invention, raising
Iron_metallurgy_in_Africa
gunpowder was unknown in Europe before the 13th century. There is an independent invention theory supporting an Islamic origin of the gun, citing the Mamluk
Historiography of gunpowder and gun transmission
Historiography_of_gunpowder_and_gun_transmission
discovery or invention is a combination of earlier discoveries and inventions, or rests on them." In 1978, Christopher Kasparek independently proposed an
List_of_multiple_discoveries
Reverse-engineering without infringing copyright
copyright infringement because it relies on independent creation. However, because independent invention is not a defense against patents, clean-room
Clean-room_design
The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly significant technological inventions and their inventors, where known. This
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Convention of symbols representing language
the Maya script, are likewise associated with an independent invention. With each independent invention of writing, the ideographs used in proto-writing
Writing_system
System of glyphs from Easter Island
rongorongo does prove to be writing and to be an independent invention, it would be one of very few inventions of writing in human history. Two dozen wooden
Rongorongo
Pseudoarchaeological hypothesis
civilization came from one superior ancient society. Kehoe explores the "independent invention" of works and techniques using the example of boats. Ancient peoples
Hyperdiffusionism
Concept in patent law
remaining invention(s) by filing divisional applications. 35 U.S.C. 121 Divisional applications. If two or more independent and distinct inventions are claimed
Unity_of_invention
Recurring parody of Conan the Barbarian
coinage, and its origins and recurrence are likely due to both independent invention and imitation. There is no evidence that the character has an origin
Conan_the_Librarian
modification of conjectures. One successful result by HRL was the independent invention of Goldbach's conjecture. "Student" agents, given the concept of
HR_(software)
American reality television series
Inventors to Be Featured on the History Channel: Invention USA Examines the Life Cube, Santa Barbara Independent, Jonathan Laird, December 15, 2011 (retrieved
Invention_USA
Concept in patent law
application disclose a claimed invention in sufficient detail so that the person skilled in the art could carry out that claimed invention. The requirement is fundamental
Sufficiency_of_disclosure
American fluid dynamicist
more than 40 years. His work included research on surface tension, independent invention of the heat pipe, and an experimental investigation of the Coriolis
Lloyd_M._Trefethen
Archaeological period
African origin dating to before 2000 BC. These findings confirm the independent invention of iron smelting in sub-Saharan Africa. Although meteoric iron has
Iron_Age
Type of drivetrain with two driven wheels
first use of the sidecar drive appears in 1928 with the apparent independent invention of Baughan in the UK, and Mokharov in the USSR.[citation needed]
Two-wheel_drive
Device for analogue recording of sound
practice, but after the earliest reports of Edison's presumably independent invention crossed the Atlantic he had his sealed letter of April 30 opened
Phonograph
Catadioptric telescope design
from knowing about each other's designs, leading to each being an independent invention. Maksutov's 1944 design was the first-published meniscus telescope
Maksutov_telescope
Transition in human history from hunter-gatherer to settled peoples
Leonid Grinin argues that whatever plants were cultivated, the independent invention of agriculture always occurred in special natural environments (e
Neolithic_Revolution
conclusively established that writing had been independently invented multiple times. Four independent inventions of writing are most commonly recognized –
History_of_writing
2009 American film
Children of Invention is an American independent feature film written and directed by Tze Chun. It premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, screened
Children_of_Invention
Indian inventions
This list of Indian inventions and discoveries details the inventions, scientific discoveries and contributions of India, including those from the historic
List of Indian inventions and discoveries
List_of_Indian_inventions_and_discoveries
Early printing technique using carved wooden blocks
matrices also. The technique may have spread from China or been an independent invention. Its presence in 10th century Muslim Spain represents Europe's first
Woodblock_printing
2013 British TV series or programme
Genius of Invention, BBC2". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2013. The Genius of Invention at BBC Online
The_Genius_of_Invention
Archaeological theory
parallel evolution or independent invention took place to any great extent throughout history; they claim that all major inventions and all cultures can
Cultural_diffusion
of many innovations, scientific discoveries and inventions. This includes the Four Great Inventions: papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, and early printing
List_of_Chinese_inventions
The following is a list of inventions, discoveries and scientific advancements made in the medieval Islamic world, especially during the Islamic Golden
List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world
List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world
The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by many different people, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the conflicting
Invention_of_the_telephone
continuing patent application. A later application for an independent or distinct invention, carved out of an earlier-filed patent application and disclosing
Divisional_patent_application
Branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans
different groups could independently create similar beliefs and practices. Some of those who advocated "independent invention", like Lewis Henry Morgan
Cultural_anthropology
Tool for kindling a fire
pistons existed long before the European versions. Despite the independent invention of European fire pistons, it was the Southeast Asian fire pistons
Fire_piston
2023 studio album by Alison Goldfrapp
The Love Invention is the debut solo studio album by British singer and musician Alison Goldfrapp. It was released on 12 May 2023 as her first full-length
The_Love_Invention
This page aims to list inventions and discoveries in which women played a major role. Aciclovir Gertrude B. Elion contributed to the development of aciclovir
List of inventions and discoveries by women
List_of_inventions_and_discoveries_by_women
Boat construction method from Maritime Southeast Asia
treenails. The two regional uses of this method are considered cases of independent invention of one of a limited number of solutions to the same boat-building
Lashed-lug_boat
Millennium between 10,000 BC and 9001 BC
Ounjougou (c.9400 BC) in Central Mali, providing evidence of an independent invention of pottery in Sub-Saharan Africa in different climatic zones. The
10th_millennium_BC
US law restricting disclosure of certain patents for national security reasons
The Invention Secrecy Act of 1951 (Pub. L. 82–256, 66 Stat. 3, enacted February 1, 1952, codified at 35 U.S.C. ch. 17) is a United States federal law
Invention_Secrecy_Act
Piece of fabric with a distinctive design and colours
Islam and may have been copied from India. European flags are an independent invention. In the Roman world, the vexillum was a cloth military flag: Schmöger
Flag
Pre-Columbian era were also invented or discovered independently in other cultures. This list shows only inventions and discoveries first introduced in present-day
List of Mexican inventions and discoveries
List_of_Mexican_inventions_and_discoveries
Optical system where refraction and reflection are combined
from knowing about each other's designs, leading to each being an independent invention. Albert Bouwers built a prototype meniscus telescope in August 1940
Catadioptric_system
Welsh singer and scientist (1842–1907)
end of the tube itself. This process would later be linked to the independent invention of research begun by Ernst Chladni, who used powder rather than
Megan_Watts_Hughes
British Africanist (1935–2009)
near the end of the book that all civilizations are capable of independent invention, and that he aims to place his claims on the spectrum between diffusionism
Ivan_Van_Sertima
Inscribed clay disc found in Crete, Greece
scripts, several scholars have argued against it being an entirely independent invention. Gunther Ipsen argued that the creator must have been influenced
Phaistos_Disc
American singer (born 1966)
Acetone. The Warm Inventions' third studio album, Until the Hunter, was released on November 4 through the band's own independent record label, Tendril
Hope_Sandoval
Popular web browser in the early 1990s
his Viola pages across the Internet. He was on the verge of an independent invention of networked hypertext. 'And that's when I read Tim's e-mail about
ViolaWWW
Agencies that exist outside of the federal executive departments
In the United States federal government, independent agencies are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet
Independent agencies of the United States federal government
Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_federal_government
copyright infringement because it relies on independent invention. However, because independent invention is not a defense against patents, clean-room
Glossary of mechanical engineering
Glossary_of_mechanical_engineering
1997 play by Tom Stoppard
The Invention of Love is a 1997 British play by Tom Stoppard portraying the life of poet A. E. Housman, focusing specifically on his personal life and
The_Invention_of_Love
German electrical engineer and inventor
truly-practicable microwave generator, which slightly predated the (independent) invention of the klystron and subsequently the reflex klystron based on the
Oskar_Heil
Metal rod intended to protect a structure from a lightning strike
the following two articles for conflicting views of this being an independent invention by Diviš: Hujer, Karel (December 1952). "Father Procopius Diviš
Lightning_rod
Machine that makes use of wind energy
vertical-axle windmills of the medieval period, but to have been independent inventions by 18th-century engineers. The horizontal-axis or vertical windmill
Windmill
Painting technique
introduced via diffusion through Mexico or could have easily been an independent invention.” Curry lists a variety of scenarios that have been proposed for
Negative_painting
the invention of the sail may appear obvious to a modern seafarer, its introduction and then spread into other regions (or the independent invention in
Ancient_maritime_history
Device for weaving textiles
the State of Chu and date c. 400 BC. Some scholars speculate an independent invention in ancient Syria, since drawloom fabrics found in Dura-Europas are
Loom
Department of the US Patent and Trademark Office
campaign to promote the OIIP while warning independent inventors of patent scams, out of which arose the Invention Submission Corporation v. Rogan legal case
Office of Independent Inventor Programs
Office_of_Independent_Inventor_Programs
Instrument used to study object movement
as the "Phenakistiscope". There was an almost simultaneous and independent invention of the device by the Austrian Simon Ritter von Stampfer, which he
Stroboscope
Type of patent application
application in that a divisional application claims a distinct or independent invention "carved out" of the parent application. A divisional application
Continuing_patent_application
Book by Richard Dawkins
series of intermediates. This happened several times independently. Such independent invention is called convergent evolution. 5. The Forty-Fold Path
Climbing_Mount_Improbable
The invention of radio communication was preceded by many decades of establishing theoretical underpinnings, discovery and experimental investigation
Invention_of_radio
Mathematical device
description is unclear and it is not certain whether this represents an independent invention or an attempt to come to grips with a poorly understood Arabic text
Tusi_couple
American engineer and inventor (1925–2013)
computer science The computer mouse has been subject to a parallel and independent invention, see Computer mouse § History for more information. Engelbart, D
Douglas_Engelbart
American folklorist
making important contributions to debates around "diffusion and independent invention". Bascom served as president of the American Folklore Society between
William_Bascom
integration, created the first prototype ICs and commercialized them. Kilby's invention was a hybrid integrated circuit (hybrid IC), rather than a monolithic
Invention of the integrated circuit
Invention_of_the_integrated_circuit
Overview of notable inventions and discoveries from Scotland or Scottish people
Scottish inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques either partially or entirely invented, innovated, or discovered by a person born
List of Scottish inventions and discoveries
List_of_Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries
Semi-alphabetic cuneiform script
bilingual tablets. Most scholars consider the writing system to be an independent invention because it has no obvious connections with other writing systems
Old_Persian_cuneiform
Ancient device for fastening a belt
Mair, Victor H. (2006). "Kinesis versus Stasis, Interaction versus Independent Invention" (PDF). In Mair, Victor H.; Bentley, Jerry H.; Yang, Anand A. (eds
Belt_hook
Musical notation system used in Asia since the 19th century
the standard notation, it is possible that many other claims of independent invention are also true. Grove's credits Emile J. M. Chevé. Although the system
Numbered_musical_notation
R&D funding agency of the UK Government
and Invention Agency Act 2022. The parliamentary act created the legislative framework for the agency. It was formally established as an independent research
Advanced Research and Invention Agency
Advanced_Research_and_Invention_Agency
Branch of anthropology
different groups can have similar cultural forms or technologies: "independent invention, inheritance from ancestors in a distant region, transmission from
Social_anthropology
read-out arose with electronic computers in the 1950s with many independent inventions, both in edge-lighting, nixie tubes and other technologies. U.S
Lightguide_display
Person who creates inventions not meant for the employer
An independent inventor is a person who creates inventions independently, rather than for an employer. Many independent inventors patent their inventions
Independent_inventor
American musician (1940–1993)
nearly all the 60-plus albums he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. His discography is characterized by nonconformity
Frank_Zappa
Serif typeface
Zier". DaFont.com. Retrieved March 5, 2018. Although presumably an independent invention, Koch was not the first to think of combining italic with blackletter
Koch-Antiqua
British philosopher and intellectual historian (born 1973)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz each to his own independent invention of binary numeration, the role of Leibniz’s invention in the birth of modern computing, and
Lloyd_Strickland
German manufacturer of separators and decanters
1990, the company had been granted 450 patents, of which 210 were independent inventions. More than 1000 patents had been filed internationally by 1990.
GEA_Westfalia_Separator
American actor (born 1969)
27, 1969) is an American character actor. He has appeared mostly in independent films and television since the 1990s, including as Uncle Eddie on the
Kevin_Corrigan
Type of thermodynamic cycle
sides of the piston. Ericsson coined the term "regenerator" for his independent invention of the mixed-flow counter-current heat exchanger. However, Rev.
Ericsson_cycle
Recently invented cultural practices perceived as old
by historical actors. The concept was highlighted in the 1983 book The Invention of Tradition, edited by Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger. Hobsbawm's introduction
Invented_tradition
2016 studio album by Anderson/Stolt
Invention of Knowledge is a studio album by Anderson/Stolt, a musical collaboration formed by singer-songwriters and musicians Jon Anderson and Roine
Invention_of_Knowledge
Uniform act in the United States
listing several proper means of discovery, including discovery by independent invention, reverse engineering, licensing arrangement, and published literature
Uniform_Trade_Secrets_Act
Level of invention (or degree of inventiveness, or level of solution, or rank of solution, or rank of invention) is a relative degree of changes to the
Level_of_invention
hypothesis (that of multiple discovery) is that most inventions and scientific discoveries are made independently and simultaneously by multiple inventors and
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
Heroic_theory_of_invention_and_scientific_development
Non-financial institution that manages ATM
Retrieved 2016-08-17. Harper, Tom; Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2013). Cash Box: The Invention and Globalization of the ATM. Networld Media Group. ISBN 978-1935497622
Independent_ATM_deployer
Brazilian Roman Catholic priest and inventor (1861–1928)
called to the fact that the claims cover at least two separate and independent inventions, one in wireless telephony and the other the wireless telegraph
Roberto_Landell_de_Moura
American electrical engineer (1923–2005)
integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments in 1958. For this invention, Kilby shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics. Kilby was also a co-inventor
Jack_Kilby
Written Chinese makes use of Chinese characters, one of the four independent inventions of writing agreed by scholars, and the only one of these remaining
Bibliography of the Chinese language and writing system
Bibliography_of_the_Chinese_language_and_writing_system
Abenaki scholar, author and public speaker
Indigenous American and African Material Culture: Diffusion or Independent Invention and Who Decides? University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2013. Ideological
Donna_L._Moody
Laboratory glassware used for cooling gases into liquids
both ends of the water jacket. In 1778, in what seems to be an independent invention, Finnish pharmacist Jakob Gadolin (1719–1802) proposed condensers
Liebig_condenser
American economist (1950–2014)
Injunctions in the Protection of Proprietary Research Tools; 2000 The Independent-Invention Defense in Intellectual Property; 1999 On the Optimality of the
Suzanne_Scotchmer
Air cushion vehicle
around the hovering surface to contain the air. The skirt was an independent invention made by a Royal Navy officer, C.H. Latimer-Needham, who sold his
Hovercraft
Art and practice of creating images by recording light
especially that of Henry Fox Talbot's, in relation to Daguerre's claim of invention. The article is the earliest known occurrence of the word in public print
Photography
The following is a list and timeline of innovations as well as inventions and discoveries that involved Czech people or the Czech Republic including predecessor
List of Czech inventions and discoveries
List_of_Czech_inventions_and_discoveries
Defined scope of legal protection
particularly point out the subject matter which the inventor(s) regard as their invention. In other words, the purpose of the claims is to define which subject
Patent_claim
Evolutionarily unrelated enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction
article by Mariana Omelchenko et al. titled "Analogous Enzymes: Independent Inventions in Enzyme Evolution" identified 105 EC numbers containing two or
Non-homologous isofunctional enzymes
Non-homologous_isofunctional_enzymes
This article lists inventions and discoveries made by scientists with Pakistani nationality within Pakistan and outside the country, post the independence
List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries
List_of_Pakistani_inventions_and_discoveries
1930 Polish film
first genuine attempt to direct Polish cinematographic art towards independent invention". Wielopolska positively commented on the performances of Irma Green
Mascotte_(1930_film)
Cyclic water pump powered by hydropower
Hydraulic Ram, built in 1890 in Idaho, was a "marvelous" invention, apparently independent, which lifted water 110 feet (34 m) to provide irrigation
Hydraulic_ram
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INDEPENDENT INVENTION
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