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Intermediate-frequency (IF) amplifiers are amplifier stages used to raise signal levels in radio and television receivers, at frequencies intermediate
Intermediate-frequency amplifier
Intermediate-frequency_amplifier
Frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted during transmission or reception
intermediate frequency (IF) is a frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted as an intermediate step in transmission or reception. The intermediate frequency
Intermediate_frequency
1954 commercial transistor radio
followed by two intermediate-frequency amplifier stages. After detection, a single-transistor stage amplifies the audio frequency. All amplifier stages use
Regency_TR-1
Classification of power amplifier
power amplifier classes are letter symbols applied to different power amplifier types. The class gives a broad indication of an amplifier's efficiency
Power_amplifier_classes
coefficient at which the frequency response of the amplifier is maximally flat in the passband and the gain is maximum at the resonant frequency. Designs frequently
Double-tuned_amplifier
Type of radio receiver
incoming radio-frequency (RF) signals to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF). The signal is then amplified and filtered at that fixed frequency. This arrangement
Superheterodyne_receiver
Device for receiving radio transmissions
filters to separate the desired radio-frequency signal from other signals picked up by the antenna, an electronic amplifier to increase the signal power for
Radio_receiver
hoax. Amplifiers, in the most general sense, are intermediate elements that increase the magnitude of a signal. These include mechanical amplifiers, electrical/electronic
Mechanical_amplifier
Type of radio design
direct-conversion receiver (DCR), also known as a homodyne, synchrodyne, zero intermediate frequency receiver (zero-IF receiver), is a radio receiver design that demodulates
Direct-conversion_receiver
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
amplified. For example, audio amplifiers amplify signals of less than 20 kHz, radio frequency (RF) amplifiers amplify frequencies in the range between 20 kHz
Amplifier
An Intermediate power amplifier (IPA) is one stage of the amplification process in a radio transmitter which usually occurs prior to the final high power
Intermediate_power_amplifier
Two-stage amplifier in an electronic circuit
format (UXGA, 1600 × 1200, 60 Hz refresh). Video amplifiers cannot operate to such high frequencies with any appreciable collector-base feedback, so the
Cascode
Radio receiver with amplifier stages and a detector
tuned radio frequency receiver (or TRF receiver) is a type of radio receiver that is composed of one or more tuned radio frequency (RF) amplifier stages followed
Tuned radio frequency receiver
Tuned_radio_frequency_receiver
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
angle modulation; phase modulation is often used as an intermediate step to achieve frequency modulation. These methods contrast with amplitude modulation
Frequency_modulation
receiver design in which the same amplifier is used to amplify the high-frequency radio signal (RF) and low-frequency audio (sound) signal (AF). It was
Reflex_receiver
Device for electrically amplifying the power of an electrical radio frequency signal
valve RF amplifier (UK and Aus.) or tube amplifier (U.S.) is a device for electrically amplifying the power of an electrical radio frequency signal. Low
Valve_RF_amplifier
Radio receiver subsystem
signal at the original incoming radio frequency (RF), before it is converted to a lower intermediate frequency (IF). In microwave and satellite receivers
RF_front_end
British music equipment company
Amplification is a British company that designs and manufactures guitar amplifiers, speaker cabinets, and effects pedals. Founded in London in 1962 by shop
Marshall_Amplification
Type of valve amplifier
A valve audio amplifier (UK) or vacuum tube audio amplifier (US) is a valve amplifier used for sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction.
Valve_audio_amplifier
Loop that increases an initial effect
the amplifier gain and the extent of the positive feedback) at any frequency is greater than one, then the amplifier will oscillate at that frequency (Barkhausen
Positive_feedback
Technical specifications and detailed information on the valve audio amplifier
Technical specifications and detailed information on the valve audio amplifier, including its development history. Vacuum tube characteristics (also called
Valve audio amplifier technical specification
Valve_audio_amplifier_technical_specification
Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
receiver is a mixer used to move received signals to a common intermediate frequency. Frequency mixers are also used to modulate a carrier signal in radio
Frequency_mixer
Receiving device on satellite dishes
low-noise amplifier (LNA). The LNB is a combination of low-noise amplifier, frequency mixer, local oscillator and intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier. It
Low-noise_block_downconverter
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
they must provide a precise carrier frequency reference signal (usually as shifted to the intermediate frequency) from a greatly reduced "pilot" carrier
Amplitude_modulation
Device for broadcasting television signals
remaining signal is the radio frequency (RF) signal. Then the signal is applied to the amplifier stages. The number of series amplifiers depends on the required
Television_transmitter
Analog multiplexing technique used in early telephone systems
demodulator bridge, and a three-transistor negative-feedback voice amplifier with low-frequency equalization to compensate for channel-filter roll-off near the
Carrier_telephony
Electronic filter
and compatibility with transistor and integrated-circuit intermediate-frequency amplifiers led to widespread use in communications equipment. Bell Laboratories
Crystal_filter
stability of the transmitted frequency. For example, the Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier (MOPA) configuration inserts an amplifier stage between the oscillator
Radio_transmitter_design
Portable military VHF radio transceiver
power amplifier were combined into one valve, and in the receiver section one valve was used to simultaneously perform the functions of a high-frequency and
A-7_(transceiver)
Performance measure in radio electronics
the incoming radio frequency (RF), generating sum and difference frequencies. One of these will be at the intermediate frequency (IF), and will be selected
Image_response
Electromagnetic frequencies ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical
Radio_frequency
radio frequency receiver (TRF) consists of a radio frequency amplifier having one or more stages all tuned to the desired reception frequency. This is
Radio_receiver_design
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 1 m to 1 mm
two-port amplifiers which were used at lower frequencies became unstable at microwave frequencies, and negative resistance oscillators and amplifiers based
Microwave
Portable radio receiver
combination mixer-oscillator, one as an audio amplifier, and two as intermediate-frequency amplifiers." One year after the release of the TR-1 sales
Transistor_radio
Electric circuit that generates sine waves
amplifier and a Wien bridge, connected in a positive feedback loop between the amplifier output and differential inputs. At the oscillating frequency
Wien_bridge_oscillator
Portable radio transceiver
Receiver sensitivity: 0.7 μV Receiver selectivity: 80 kHz @ −6 dB Intermediate frequency: 4.3 MHz Transmitter RF output: 0.9 watts Circuitry: 16 vacuum tubes
AN/PRC-10
Measurement of the power in a radio signal
available to users. RSSI is often derived in the intermediate frequency (IF) stage before the IF amplifier. In zero-IF systems, it is derived in the baseband
Received signal strength indicator
Received_signal_strength_indicator
Alteration of the original shape of a signal
filter. For example, the non-uniform frequency response curve of AC-coupled cascade amplifier is an example of frequency distortion. In the audio case, this
Distortion
amplification using the De Forest Audion vacuum tube amplifier. By allowing the tube to oscillate at a frequency slightly different from the desired signal, the
Autodyne
Specific figure of merit in electronics
intercept point). A rule of thumb that holds for many linear radio-frequency amplifiers is that the 1 dB compression point point falls approximately 10 dB
Third-order_intercept_point
Type of digital circuit
gain greater than 1 at the intended oscillation frequency. Consider the initial case where the amplifier input and output voltages are momentarily balanced
Ring_oscillator
amplifier may be set to make both sides conduct at all times (amplifier class A), to make only one side conduct at a time (class B), or intermediate (class
Virtual_Valve_Amplifier
Vacuum tube used for amplifying radio waves
engineers Russell and Sigurd Varian, which is used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies, from UHF up into the microwave range. Low-power klystrons
Klystron
Fiber-optic communications technology
terminated at intermediate amplifier sites, where it receives local information before re-transmission. The introduction of the ITU-T G.694.1 frequency grid in
Wavelength-division multiplexing
Wavelength-division_multiplexing
Vacuum tube with four active electrodes
connected to tuned resonant circuits as is usual in a radio frequency (RF) amplifier. For frequencies above about 100 kHz, neutralizing circuitry was necessary
Tetrode
an amplifier) to limit the first intermediate frequency (IF) stage's passband. It prevents overloading later amplifier stages, which would cause nonlinearity
Roofing_filter
Phenomenon with inductive coupling
of the receiver is provided by tuned transformers in the intermediate-frequency amplifiers. [why?] High voltage (one million volt) sources for X-ray
Resonant_inductive_coupling
Standardized computer chip nomenclature
household electronics: 0 Series of analogue devices: 1 Series of operational amplifiers: 4 Series of digital devices: 5 Series of memory devices: 6 Series of
Soviet integrated circuit designation
Soviet_integrated_circuit_designation
American radio with 5 vacuum tubes
were: Detector-Oscillator: 78 Intermediate Frequency (IF): 78 Second Detector and First Audio Amplifier: 77 Power Amplifier: 43 Rectifier: 25Z5 Later when
All_American_Five
Cascade of electronic components
amplifier and up-converters for a transmitter-driver. In this article, the term RF (radio frequency) covers the frequency range "medium Frequencies"
RF_chain
Circuit added to a radio receiver to improve its selectivity and sensitivity
receiver to improve its selectivity and sensitivity. It is a regenerative amplifier adjusted to provide positive feedback within the receiver. This has the
Q_multiplier
Land mobile radio system
a spacing of 20 kHz instead of the regular 10 kHz step. These intermediate frequencies are reserved for the Radio Control Radio Service (RCRS). The RCRS
Citizens_band_radio
Radio communication system implemented in software
receiver uses a variable-frequency oscillator (VFO), a mixer, and a filter to tune the desired signal to a common intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband. Typically
Software-defined_radio
Types of electrical transformer
varying the coupling (mutual inductance). One common form is the IF (intermediate frequency) transformer, used in superheterodyne radio receivers. They are
Transformer_types
Form of diode
current. This property allows it to amplify, functioning as a radio frequency amplifier, or to become unstable and oscillate when it is biased with a DC
Gunn_diode
Single-grid amplifying vacuum tube having three active electrodes
radio frequencies, and made radio practical. Triodes are used for amplifiers and oscillators. Many types are used only at low to moderate frequency and
Triode
Signal processing technique
oscillator (LO) to produce a lower fixed frequency signal called the intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The IF signal is amplified and filtered and then applied
Heterodyne
Electromagnetic spectrum 300–3000 MHz
Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the
Ultra_high_frequency
Miniature adjustable component
superheterodyne radio and television receivers, in the intermediate frequency (IF), oscillator and radio frequency (RF) circuits. They are adjusted into the right
Trimmer_(electronics)
Portable World War II-era US military two-way radio
oscillator, power amplifier). Either of two crystal controlled master oscillator frequencies or operator tuning of master oscillator frequency may be selected
SCR-694
Communication component of Link-16
Terminal consists of 10 Shop Replaceable Units (SRUs): Chassis Power Amplifier (PA) Exciter/IPF (Interference Protection Feature) Receiver Synthesizer
Multifunctional Information Distribution System
Multifunctional_Information_Distribution_System
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
for example fading). Frequency shifting of the RF signal to the equivalent baseband I and Q signals, or to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, by multiplying
Signal_modulation
German dynamic microphone
primarily used for drums, guitar amplifiers, woodwinds, brass and percussion instruments. It is known for its almost linear frequency response in the bass range
Sennheiser_MD_421
modified circuit. A piezofilter is used in the intermediate frequency path. In Audio power amplifier two diodes are used instead of resistors to set
Olimpik
receivers. Superheterodyne receivers allow use one or more fixed intermediate frequency tuned circuits for selectivity. Fixed tuning eliminates the requirement
Selectivity_(radio)
Electromagnetic wave range of 30–300 MHz
one meter. Frequencies immediately below VHF are denoted high frequency (HF), and the next higher frequencies are known as ultra high frequency (UHF). VHF
Very_high_frequency
Specification for the recording and playback of phonograph records
essential feature of all cutting amplifiers—including the Neumann cutting amplifiers—is a forcibly imposed high-frequency roll-off above the audio band (>20 kHz)
RIAA_equalization
Operational amplifier – Optical density – Optical fiber – Optical path length – Optical spectrum – Optoelectronic – Orthogonal frequency division modulation
Index_of_electronics_articles
Tool measuring EM radiation at 0.3–300-GHz frequency
downconverted to the intermediate frequency with the help of a stable local oscillator signal. After amplification with a Low Noise Amplifier and band pass filtering
Microwave_radiometer
Device which extracts info from a modulated radio frequency current or voltage
difference frequencies to the signals being mixed, just as a first mixer stage in a superhet would produce an intermediate frequency; the beat frequency in this
Detector_(radio)
Television that uses analog signals
which selects a television channel and frequency-shifts it to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF). The signal amplifier performs amplification to the IF stages
Analog_television
Audio device to detect the presence of bat sound signals
amplifier before being converted back to audible frequencies again. This design, which is based on standard radio design, gives improved frequency discrimination
Bat_detector
Light modulated by a radio frequency signal and transmitted over optical fiber
consists of an optical-to-electrical (O/E) (and an optional frequency up or down converter), amplifiers, and the antenna. This means that the resource management
Radio_over_fiber
Making an electronic circuit by directly connecting the leads of the components
often referred to as point-to-point construction within the tube guitar amplifier community, uses terminal strips (also called "tag boards"). A terminal
Point-to-point_construction
Overview of and topical guide to television broadcasting
Group delay and phase delay Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Noise (electronics) Radio frequency Residual carrier Split sound system Superheterodyne
Outline of television broadcasting
Outline_of_television_broadcasting
Oscillator used to change Signal frequency in electronics
The difference can then be filtered from the sum to extract the intermediate frequency (IF). For high-side injection, f I F = f L O − f R F {\displaystyle
Local_oscillator
still used today, mainly in high-power, high-frequency applications and also in boutique guitar amplifiers. Receiving tubes have heaters or filaments intended
List_of_vacuum_tubes
Synchronisation signal in colour video
is also how FM radio circuits came to use a nominally 10.7 MHz intermediate frequency in superheterodyne conversion. Camera control unit Color framing
Color_burst
Device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal
ends of the frequency/resolution trade-off. The audio DAC is a low-frequency, high-resolution type, while the video DAC is a high-frequency low- to medium-resolution
Digital-to-analog_converter
Behaviour of travelling radio waves
on radio propagation has many practical applications, from choosing frequencies for amateur radio communications, international shortwave broadcasters
Radio_propagation
Ground-based monopulse single object tracking radar
received signal is heterodyned to a 50 MHz intermediate frequency in the mixer and amplified in the IF amplifier which also contains the detector. In case
AN/FPS-16 Instrumentation Radar
AN/FPS-16_Instrumentation_Radar
Contact made to a point halfway along a winding of a transformer or inductor
dual-supply designs which eliminates coupling. It is possible for an amplifier, from the input all the way to the loudspeaker, to be DC coupled without
Center_tap
Device used to simulate an electrical load
connected to the output of an audio power amplifier to electrically simulate a loudspeaker, allowing the amplifier to be tested without producing sound. Load
Dummy_load
Ultra high frequency radio to transmit TV
became evident. One was poor image frequency rejection in superheterodyne receivers with the standard intermediate frequency of 45.75 MHz. Another was very
UHF_television_broadcasting
Intentional frequency shift in broadcasting
In radio engineering, a frequency offset is an intentional slight shift of the broadcast radio frequency (RF), to reduce interference with other transmitters
Frequency_offset
Electronic testing device
weak signals, a pre-amplifier is used, although harmonic and intermodulation distortion may lead to the creation of new frequency components that were
Spectrum_analyzer
the BFO signal beats with the fixed intermediate frequency, so the beat frequency oscillator can be a fixed frequency. Armstrong later used Fessenden's
History_of_radio_receivers
Definitions of terms used in amateur radio
The unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) that is equal to one cycle per second. IF (Intermediate Frequency) A frequency to which a
Glossary_of_amateur_radio
Device to couple energy between circuits
the power line frequency or through a switch mode power supply. Signal and audio transformers are used to couple stages of amplifiers and to match devices
Transformer
this is a network in the intermediate frequency section of the receiver; when a pulse of noise passes through the IF amplifiers, it is usually of greater
Noise_blanker
Broadcasting method
system. In TV transmitters, both AF and VF modulate intermediate frequency (IF) carriers. (The frequency difference between the two carriers is 4.5 MHz in
Intercarrier_method
Oscillator whose frequency can be tuned over some range
output signal tuned to f L O {\displaystyle f_{LO}} , producing an intermediate frequency (IF) signal that can be processed downstream to extract the modulated
Variable-frequency_oscillator
Family of digital modulation methods
property is that the modulations are low-frequency/low-bandwidth waveforms compared to the carrier frequency, which is known as the narrowband assumption
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
Computation machine that uses continuously varying data technology
computers is usually operational amplifiers (also called "continuous current amplifiers" because they have no low frequency limitation), in the 1960s an attempt
Analog_computer
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
front end that produces a frequency-shifted version of the radio frequency (RF) signal within a standard intermediate frequency (IF) band. To recover the
Single-sideband_modulation
Video bandwidth in telecommunication
frequency bandwidth is the range of frequencies between 0 and the highest frequency used to transmit a live television image. The maximum frequency can
VF_bandwidth
Frequency mixer of a superhet radio
were able to take an incoming RF signal and change its frequency to a fixed intermediate frequency, which was then amplified and detected in the remainder
Pentagrid_converter
German WWII munition control system
This system jammed the Straßburg receiver's intermediate frequency section, which operated at a 3 MHz frequency and appears to have been quite successful
Kehl-Strasbourg radio control link
Kehl-Strasbourg_radio_control_link
also provide automatic gain control voltage (A.V.C.) for the radio frequency amplifier stages of the receiver. However, the dual-diode/triode and dual-diode/pentode
Plate_detector_(radio)
Transmitters using intermediate frequency
transmitter is a radio or TV transmitter which uses an intermediate frequency signal in addition to radio frequency signal. There are two types of transmitters.
Superheterodyne_transmitter
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